轮机英语考证自学教材

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轮机英语考证自学教材轮机英语考试大纲805：无限/近洋航区3000kW及以上船舶二/三管轮考试大纲分值〔88分〕适用对象805１船舶主推进装置１.１船舶动力装置概述１.１.１船舶动力装置的组成和类型1√１.２　船舶柴油机１.２.１根本特性指标2√１.２.２船舶柴油机的工作原理和根本结构5√１.２.3 船舶柴油机的工作系统、操纵系统和控制系统7√１.２.4 船舶柴油机的运行管理3√１.３　船舶推进装置１.３.１推进装置的传动方式1√２船舶辅助机械２.１船用锅炉２.１.１船用锅炉的类型1√２.１.２新型船用锅炉的结构特点1√２.１.３船用锅炉的运行管理1√２.１.４船用锅炉的故障分析和排除2√２.２船用泵２.２.１船用泵类型1√２.２.２常见船用泵的工作原理和结构特点1√２.２.３船舶通用泵系的布置原那么和特点1√２.２.４常见船用泵的运行管理和故障排除2√２.３船舶制冷和空调装置２.３.１制冷原理和制冷循环1√２.３.３船舶空调系统的组成及主要设备1√２.３.５船舶空调装置的运行管理1√２.３.７船舶空调装置的故障分析和排除1√２.４船舶防污染设备２.４.１油水别离器的工作原理及运行管理2√２.４.２燃烧炉的工作原理及运行管理2√２.４.３生活污水处理装置的工作原理及运行管理1√２.５分油机和海水淡化装置２.５.１分油机的工作原理及运行管理3√２.５.２海水淡化原理1√２.５.３海水淡化装置的主要设备和运行管理1√２.６船舶甲板机械２.６.１液压泵、控制阀件和油马达的结构特点2√２.６.２起货机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除1√２.６.３锚机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除1√２.６.４绞缆机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除1√２.６.６液压系统管理2√３船舶电气和自动化３.１船用发电机３.１.１船用发电机的结构特点2√３.１.２船用发电机的并车和解列2√３.１.３船用发电机的故障分析和排除1√３.２船用配电板３.２.１主配电板的分类及组成1√３.２.２应急配电板1√３.２.３配电箱1√３.３船舶电气设备３.３.１船舶电气设备概况1√３.３.２电气控制设备1√３.３.３电气设备运行管理2√４船舶轮机管理４.１操作规程４.１.１备车1√４.１.２巡回检查1√４.１.３完车1√４.2 平安管理知识４.2.１轮机部操作平安考前须知1√４.2.２船舶防火防爆的措施及守那么3√４.2.３机舱应急设备的使用及管理1√４.2.４船员个人平安知识1√４.3 油、物料和备件的管理４.3.１燃油的管理1√４.4 船舶修理和检验４.4.１修理的类别1√４.4.２轮机坞修工程1√４.4.４船舶检验的类别与作用1√４.5 防污染管理及ＰＳＣ检查４.5.１ ?油类记录簿?与ＩＯＰＰ证书的管理2√４.5.２ＰＳＣ检查中的明显理由与更详细检查1√４.5.３ＰＳＣ检查报告和缺陷的纠正1√５国际公约、规那么的阅读与理解５.１ＳＴＣＷ公约５.１.１ＳＴＣＷ７８／９５公约中有关轮机值班的根本原那么1√５.１.２轮机员的根本职责和道德1√５.１.３机驾联系制度1√５.２ＭＡＲＰＯＬ公约５.２.１ＭＡＲＰＯＬ７３／７８公约中有关含油污水的排放规那么1√５.２.２有关国家、港口的防污染规那么1√５.３ＳＯＬＡＳ公约５.３.２ＳＯＬＡＳ公约的根本精神和根本原那么1√５.４ＩＳＭ、ＩＳＰＳ等规那么和公约５.４.１ＩＳＭ规那么简介1√５.４.２ＩＳＰＳ规那么简介1√５.４.３其他最新公约和规那么1√1船舶主推进装置…………………………………………………………………………………11.1船舶动力装置概述…………………………………………………………………………1船舶动力装置的组成和类型…………………………………………………………11.2船舶柴油机…………………………………………………………………………………4根本特性指标. ………………………………………………………………………4船舶柴油机的工作原理和根本结构…………………………………………………9船舶柴油机的工作系统、操纵系统和控制系统……………………………………57船舶柴油机的运行管理……………………………………………………………1191.3船舶推进装置……………………………………………………………………………152推进装置的传动方式………………………………………………………………1522船舶辅助机械…………………………………………………………………………………1572.1船用锅炉…………………………………………………………………………………157船用锅炉的类型……………………………………………………………………157新型船用锅炉的结构特点…………………………………………………………160船用锅炉的运行管理………………………………………………………………164船用锅炉的故障分析和排除………………………………………………………1732.2船用泵……………………………………………………………………………………176船用泵类型…………………………………………………………………………176常见船用泵的工作原理和结构特点………………………………………………180船舶通用泵系的布置原那么和特点…………………………………………………187常见船用泵的运行管理和故障排除………………………………………………1922.3船舶制冷和空调装置……………………………………………………………………202制冷原理和制冷循环………………………………………………………………202船舶空调系统的组成及主要设备…………………………………………………212船舶空调装置的运行管理…………………………………………………………214船舶空调装置的故障分析和排除…………………………………………………2182.4船舶防污染设备…………………………………………………………………………219油水别离器的工作原理及运行管理………………………………………………219燃烧炉的工作原理及运行管理……………………………………………………224生活污水处理装置的工作原理及运行管理………………………………………2262.5分油机和海水淡化装置…………………………………………………………………228分油机的工作原理及运行管理……………………………………………………228海水淡化原理………………………………………………………………………235海水淡化装置的主要设备和运行管理……………………………………………2392.6船舶甲板机械……………………………………………………………………………248液压泵、控制阀件和油马达的结构特点…………………………………………248起货机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除…………………………………………253锚机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除……………………………………………256绞缆机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除…………………………………………257液压系统管理………………………………………………………………………2603船舶电气………………………………………………………………………………………2683.1船用发电机………………………………………………………………………………268船用发电机的结构特点……………………………………………………………268船用发电机的并车和解列…………………………………………………………276 3 .1.3船用发电机的故障分析和排除……………………………………………………279 3.2船用配电板………………………………………………………………………………281主配电板的分类及组成……………………………………………………………281应急配电板…………………………………………………………………………284配电箱………………………………………………………………………………2853.3船舶电气设备……………………………………………………………………………286船舶电气设备概况…………………………………………………………………286电气控制设备………………………………………………………………………290电气设备运行管理…………………………………………………………………2914船舶轮机管理…………………………………………………………………………………301 4.1操作规程…………………………………………………………………………………301备车…………………………………………………………………………………301巡回检查……………………………………………………………………………305完车…………………………………………………………………………………3074.2平安管理知识……………………………………………………………………………310轮机部操作平安考前须知…………………………………………………………310船舶防火防爆的措施及守那么………………………………………………………324 4 2 3机舱应急设备的使用及管理………………………………………………………336船员个人平安知识…………………………………………………………………340 4.3油、物料和备件的管理…………………………………………………………………347燃油的管理…………………………………………………………………………347 4.4船舶修理和检验…………………………………………………………………………350修理的类别…………………………………………………………………………350轮机坞修工程………………………………………………………………………352船舶检验的类别与作用……………………………………………………………356 4.5 防污染管理及PSC检查………………………………………………………………358 4.5.1“油类记录簿〞与IOPP证书的管理………………………………………………358 4.5.2 PSC检查中的明显理由与更详细检查……………………………………………362 4.5.3 PSC检查报告和缺陷的纠正……………………………………………………3665国际公约、规那么的阅读与理解………………………………………………………………368 5.1 STCW公约………………………………………………………………………………368 5.1.1 STCW78/95公约中有关轮机值班的根本原那么…………………………………368轮机员的根本职责和道德…………………………………………………………374机驾联系制度………………………………………………………………………375 5.2 MARPOL73/78公约…………………………………………………………………376 5.2.1 MARPOL73/78公约中有关含油污水的排放规那么…………………………………376有关国家、港口的防污染规那么……………………………………………………383 5.3 SOLAS公约…………………………………………………………………………389 5.3.2 SOLAS岔约的根本精神和根本原那么……………………………………………3895.4 ISM、ISPS等规那么和公约………………………………………………………………3925.4.1 ISM规那么简介………………………………………………………………………3925.4.2 ISPS规那么简介………………………………………………………………………395其他最新公约和规那么………………………………………………………………3996.关联题…………………………………………………………………………………………400Passage 1………………………………………………………………………………………400Passage 2………………………………………………………………………………………401Passage 3………………………………………………………………………………………402Passage 4………………………………………………………………………………………403Passage 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A.four-stroke B.two-stroke C.slow speed D.reversible 注四冲程柴油机用来驱动发电机，有时利用减速齿轮箱为螺旋桨提供90~120 r/min而作为主推进动力。

A2. Diesel engines are classified as reciprocating internal combustion engines because they ____.A.use energy from fuel burned outside their cylindersB.burn fuel in a combustion chamber that moves back and forthC.burn fuel in a chamber where its energyD.use a continuous combustion process to impart rotary motion to the pistons注把柴油机归类往复式内燃机，是因为燃油在燃烧室内被燃烧，产生能量使活塞作往复运动C3. *Some medium and high-speed diesel engines require reduction gear units to provide a useful propeller speed.1n most reduction gears, the bull gear ____. A.must churn(搅拌)the oil in the sump B.is connected to the propeller shaft C.is driven at the highest r/min D pensates(补偿) for alignment variations between the engine and pinion gear(小齿轮) 注为了取得适宜的螺旋桨转速，一些中高速柴油机要有减速齿轮装置，在大多数减速齿轮里，从动齿轮与螺旋桨轴相连。

B4. Why a gearbox is needed in a ship driven by a medium-speed diesel engine? A.To reduce the main engine speed. B.To increase the main engine speed. C.To govern the main engine speed. D.To fix the propeller shaft 注为什么中速柴油机船需要齿轮箱？用于安装螺旋桨轴D5. ____ are increasingly used as main engine on merchant vessels, because they have a high Hp/Weight ratio. A.Slow speed diesel engines B.Medium-speed diesel engines C.Steam engines D.Gasoline engines 注中速柴油机在商船上用作主机日益增加，因为它们有较高的马力／重量比。

B6. Propulsion of the vast majority of contemporary merchant ships (especially container ships and VLCCs) utilizes ____ as prime mover. A.gas turbine B.diesel engine C.steam engine D.gasoline engine 注大量现代商船，尤其是集装箱船和大型油船的推进装置使用柴油机做原动机〔主机〕B7. Typical marine propulsion plants include ____ directly coupled to the vessel's single large-diameter, fixed-pitch propeller. A.a single,long-stroke, slow-speed, turbocharged, two-stroke diesel engine B.a single,long-stroke, medium-speed, turbocharged, four-stroke diesel engine C.two medium-speed, turbocharged, four-stroke diesel engines D.a variable-speed AC generator 注具有单个、长冲程、低速、增压，二种程柴油机的典型船用主推进装置直接连接到船的单个大直径定距螺旋桨上。

A8. With ____ , the engine need not to be aligned with reduction gears or propeller shaft. A.diesel engine propulsion B.diesel electric propulsion C.steam engine propulsion D.gas turbine propulsion 注由于是柴油机一电力推动装置，该柴油机不需与减速机构或螺旋桨对中B9. Most often ____ is attached to the engine-propeller shaft for efficient electric power generation. A.a variable-speed AC generator B.a fixed-speed AC generator C.an air blower D.a DC generator 注最常见的是一台变速交流发电机连到主机一螺旋桨轴上用于有效的发电系统。

A10. There are four main types of marine engines ____ and the marine nuclear plant.A.the diesel engine, the steam turbine and the dual-fuel engineB.the diesel engine，the steam turbine and the gas turbineC.the gas-diesel engitte, the gasoline engine and the diesel engine D.the gasoline engine, the diesel engine and the steam turbine注船用发动机有四大主要类型：柴油机、蒸汽轮机、燃气轮机和船舶核动力装置B11. Diesel engines instead of steam engines were used as main engine on board ships is mainly because ____. A.they have a high mechanical efficiency B.they have a high thermal efficiency C.they are more reliable D.they have little cost 注在船上用柴油机代替蒸汽机做主机，主要是因为柴油机热效率高。

B12. With reducing engine speed to an efficient propeller speed by the use of reduction gears, ____. A.speed and torque are both reduced B.speed is reduced and torque remains unchanged C.speed is reduced and torque is increased D.speed is sometimes unchanged while torque is increased注由于用减速齿轮降低了发动机传给螺旋桨的有效速度，使速度降低而扭矩增加C13. ____ may have two emergency source of power, thus requiring two emergency switchboards. A.Large passenger vessels B.General cargo ships C.Container ships D.Oil tankers 注大型客轮上往往装备有两套应急电源，这就需要两个应急配电板。

A14. Since the burning or combustion takes place within the engine itself, the engine is known as ____. A.a fire-tube boiler B.an internal combustion engine C.an external combustion engine D.an internal combustion generator注由于发动机的燃烧发生在发动机本身之内，因此这种发动机是一种内燃机B15. The diesel engine is a type of ____. A.turbine engine B.gas turbine C.steam engine D.internal combustion engine 注柴油机是一种内燃机D16. The slow speed main propulsion diesel usually operates on ____. A.the four stroke cycle B.the four-stroke cycle C.the two stroke cycle D.the two-stroke cycle注低速主推进柴油机通常是以二冲程循环工作的。

D17. The term medium speed diesel engine is currentlly taken to mean an engine with an operating rotational speed of ____ r/min. A.below 300 B.above 1200 C.between 300 to 1200 D.below 1200注术语“中速机〞是指运行速度介于300~1200 r/min之间的发动机C18. We call a ship equipped with a diesel engine as main engine “____〞. A.a tug boat B.a salvage ship C.an oil tanker D.amotor vessel 注用柴油机作为主机的船舶称为“内燃机船〞D19. ____ can be found on most medium to large merchant vessels even if the main engine is either a steam turbine or 2-stroke crosshead engine.A.The medium speed 4-stroke trunk piston engine B.The low speed 2-stroke crosshead engine C.The medium speed 2-stroke crosshead engine D.The low speed 4-stroke trunk piston engine注不管主机是蒸汽透平还是二冲程十字头式柴油机，中速四冲程筒形活塞式柴油机在大多数大中型商船上还是比拟常见的。

A20. ____ allows the engine to be placed wherever is most suitable, as they no longer have to be aligned with reduction gearing and shafting as is the case with conventional installations. A.Diesel engine propulsion B.Diesel electric propulsion C.Steam engine propulsion D.Gas turbine propulsion 注电力推进允许机器安装在最适合的地方，因为机器不再像传统的布置那样需要与减速齿轮和轴对中B21. Medium speed engines have a ____ power to weight ratio than the slow speed two strokes, but due to the higher speeds tend to have ____ maintenance intervals A.higher; reduced B. higher;increased C. lower;reduced D. lower; increased 注中速机与低速二冲程机相比具有比拟高的单位重量功率比，但是因为转速比拟高，维修周期会缩短。

A22. The order ____ means maximum maneuvering engine revolution for ahead propulsion. A.Full Ahead B.Half Ahead C.Full Astern D.Half Astern 注指令“全速前进〞意思是操纵机器最大转速前进A23. What determines the number of events occurring in a cycle of operation in an internal combustion engine? A.Crankshaft revolution. B.Type of engine (diesel or gasoline). C.Distance a piston travels during a stroke. D.Number of pistons. 注内燃机一个工作循环的行程数取决于机器类型〔柴油机还是汽油机〕B24. When used with reversing reduction gears, medium-speed diesel engines should be bolted to their foundations with fitted bolts at the drive end and clearance(loosely fittad) bolts in other locations. This is done to ____. A.maintain alignment when the ship's hull is working in heavy seas B.ensure engine vibrations correspond to the natural frequency of the hull C.permit the engine to expand away from the driven equipment as the engine heats up and expands D.maintain engine thrust bearing clearances注带有可倒转减速齿轮的中速柴油机应该在驱动端通过拂配螺栓固定到机座上，而另一端应留有间隙，这样做的目的是当柴油机受热膨胀时，允许柴油机和驱动设备之间有一定的膨胀间隙。

C25. When transmitted by a reduction gear, diesel engine speed is reduced and the torque available for work ____. A.remains the same B.is reduced C.is increased D.is eliminated 注柴油机通过减速齿轮传动时，转速降低，扭矩增加C26. The rotating range of the low speed diesel engine is usually lower than ____. A.100 r/min B.200 r/min C.300 r/min D.500 r/min注低速柴油机的运行速度一般低于300 r/minC27. Among the main propulsion units on board the ship with the same capacity, the lightest one is ____.A.steam engine(蒸汽机) B.steam turbine(蒸汽轮机)C.gas turbine(燃气轮机) D.diesel engine(柴油机)注船舶使用的各种类型的主推进装置中，如果产生的功率相同，装置重量最轻的是燃气轮机。

C1.2船舶柴油机根本特性指标28. *The ratio of the brake horsepower to the indicate of a diesel engine is its ____. A.thermal efficiency B.mechanical efficiency C.brake thermal efficiency D.volumetric efficiency 注制动功率和指示功率之比是机械效率B29. ***The cetane number of a diesel fuel oil indicates its ____. A.Viscosity B.acid content C.heating value D.ignition quality 注柴油的十六烷值用来描述其发火性D30. *The average pressure exerted on piston during each power stroke is termed ____. A.indicated horsepower B.mean effective pressure C.exhaust back pressure D pression pressure 注每个作功行程作用在活塞上的平均力叫平均有效压力。

B31. *The ignition quality of a diesel fuel is indicated by the ____. A.cetane number B.volatility point C.viscosity index D.octane number 注柴油发火性能是由十六烷值来描述的A32. **The abbreviation “MIP〞 stands for ____. A.middle indicating pressure B.mean indicate pressure C.mean indicated pitch D.middle indicated power 注术语“MIP〞，是指气缸的“平均指示压力〞B33. *In diesel engineering practice, the term used to express the ignition quality of a particular fuel is ____.A.cetane number B.octane numberC.ignitionindex number D.volatility point注在柴油机中用来描述某一燃油的发火性能的术语是十六烷值。

A34. *The period when both inlet valves and exhaust valves are open is referred to as ____. A.valve loop B.valve uniflow C.valve overlap D.valve grinding注气阀重叠是指进气阀和排气阀都开启期间C35. * “AMIDSHIPS〞 refers to ____. A.back of the vessel B.the middle portion of a ship C.a backward movement of a vessel D.across the ship, at right angles to the fore-and-aft centerline 注船中指的是船舶中部B36. If your vessel burns 8 tons of fuel per hour at 15 knots，how many tons per hour will it burn at 18 knots? A.13.82 tons. B.15.61 tons. C. 16.00 tons. D. 16.37 tons.注 M2=( V2/ V1)3×M1=(18/15)3 ×8=13.82 (t)。

A37. ____ power is the power developed within the cylinder and can be measured by an engine indicator. A.The shaft B.The mechanical C.The electric D.The indicated注指示功是气缸内发出的功率；可通过示功图来测量D38 Use the 。

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