年产960万吨连铸坯的全连铸转炉炼钢车间工艺设计_毕业论文设计40论文41

此文档为 word 格式，下载后您可任意编辑修改！ )年产 960 万吨连铸坯的全连铸转炉炼钢车间工艺设计摘要： 本说明书在实习和参考文献的基础上，对所学知识进行综合利用讲述了设计一转炉车间的方法和步骤，说明书中对车间主要系统例如铁水供应系统，废钢供应系统，散装料供应系统，铁合金供应系统，除尘系统等进行了充分论证和比较确定出一套最佳设计方案并确定了车间的工艺布置，对跨数及相对位置进行设计，简述了其工艺流程，并在此基础上进行设备计算，包括转炉炉型计算，转炉炉衬计算及金属构件计算，氧枪设计，净化系统设备计算，然后进行车间计算和所用设备的规格和数量的设计，在此基础上进行车间尺寸计算，确定各层平台标高最后对转炉车间设计得环境和安全要求进行说明为了更加详细说明转炉车间设计中的一些工艺及设备结构，本设计穿插了图形，为能够明确、直观的介绍了转炉炼钢车间的工艺布置关键词：炼钢，复吹转炉，连铸，方坯，板坯，物料平衡，热平衡，炉型设计AbstractIn practice this manual and reference, based on the comprehensive utilization of the knowledge. Design a workshop about the methods and procedures converter, manual systemssuch as the workshop mainly supply system, scrap supply system, bulk material supply system, ferroalloy supply system, dust removal system was fully demonstrated and compared to determine a set of best good design. And determine the layout of the workshop process, the number and relative position of the cross design, outlines the processand devices based on this calculation, including the calculation of the converter furnace, converter lining calculation and calculation of metal components,oxygen lance design , purification system equipment, calculation, and then workshop equipment used in the calculation and the number of design specifications and, in this workshop based on the size of calculations to determine the elevation of each floor platform. Finally, the converter workshop designed to explain environmental and safety requirements.For a more detailed description of some of the converter process plant design and equipment in the structure, the design interspersed with graphics, tobe able to clear, intuitive introduction to the processof converter steelmaking plant layout.Key Words: Steel, blowing converter, continuous casting, billet, slab, material balance,目 录1 文献综述 .....................................................................................................................................11.1国外炼钢技术的发展 .......................................................................................................11.2钢铁工业在国民经济中的地位和作用...........................................................................11.3现代转炉炼钢工艺流程 ...................................................................................................21.4我国氧气转炉炼钢技术展望..........................................................................................21.4.1转炉大型化和流程优化 .......................................................................................21.4.2转炉高效化 ...........................................................................................................31.4.3钢水洁净化 ...........................................................................................................31.4.4控制模型化 ...........................................................................................................31.4.5资源综合利用化 ...................................................................................................31.5现代转炉炼钢技术存在的问题......................................................................................42 转炉炼钢厂设计方案 .................................................................................................................52.1转炉车间组成 ..................................................................................................................52.2转炉座数、容量和车间生产能力的确定......................................................................52.2.1转炉座数 ...............................................................................................................52.2.2车间生产能力的确定 ...........................................................................................52.3主要钢种的选择 ..............................................................................................................62.4工艺流程 ..........................................................................................................................62.5原料方案 ..........................................................................................................................72.5.1铁水的供应 ...........................................................................................................72.5.2废钢的供应 ...........................................................................................................72.5.3散装料的供应 .......................................................................................................72.5.4铁合金的供应 .......................................................................................................82.6主厂房工艺布置 ..............................................................................................................82.6.1原料跨的布置 .......................................................................................................82.6.2炉子跨的布置 .......................................................................................................92.6.3精炼跨的布置 .......................................................................................................93 物料平衡与热平衡计算 ...........................................................................................................103.1物料平衡 ........................................................................................................................103.1.1计算所需原始数据 ..............................................................................................103.1.2物料平衡基本项目 ..............................................................................................113.1.3计算步骤 ..............................................................................................................113.2热平衡计算 ....................................................................................................................183.2.1计算所需原始数据 ..............................................................................................183.2.2计算步骤 ..............................................................................................................194 顶底复吹转炉炉型设计 ...........................................................................................................234.1炉型选择 ........................................................................................................................234.2原始条件 ........................................................................................................................234.3主要参数的确定 ............................................................................................................234.4炉衬各层填充材料选择 ................................................................................................275 生产工艺设计 ...........................................................................................................................285.1 炼钢原料 .........................................................................................................................285.1.1铁水 ......................................................................................................................285.1.2废钢 ......................................................................................................................285.1.3铁合金 ..................................................................................................................285.1.4石灰 ......................................................................................................................285.1.5萤石 ......................................................................................................................285.1.6生白云石 ..............................................................................................................295.1.7其他 ......................................................................................................................295.2装料制度 .........................................................................................................................295.3供氧制度 .........................................................................................................................295.3.1转炉炉膛内氧气射流的特性..............................................................................295.3.2氧气射流对转炉熔池的作用..............................................................................305.3.3顶吹氧气转炉的氧枪操作 ..................................................................................305.4造渣制度 .........................................................................................................................305.4.1炉渣碱度的控制与石灰加入量的确定..............................................................305.4.2影响石灰熔解速度的因素 ..................................................................................315.4.3炉渣粘度的控制 ..................................................................................................315.4.4炉渣氧化性的控制 ..............................................................................................315.4.5泡沫渣及其控制 ..................................................................................................325.4.6放渣及留渣操作 ..................................................................................................325.5温度制度 .........................................................................................................................335.5.1出钢温度的确定 ..................................................................................................335.5.2冷却剂及其加入量的确定 ..................................................................................335.6终点控制和出钢 .............................................................................................................345.7脱氧制度和合金化 .........................................................................................................355.7.1顶吹氧气转炉炼钢的脱氧方法..........................................................................355.7.2合金化的一般原理 ..............................................................................................356 转炉炉体金属构件设计 ...........................................................................................................376.1炉壳设计 .........................................................................................................................376.2支撑装置设计 .................................................................................................................376.3倾动机构的设计 .............................................................................................................387 氧气转炉供氧系统设计 ...........................................................................................................397.1氧气的供应 .....................................................................................................................397.1.1转炉炼钢车间需氧量计算 ..................................................................................397.1.2制氧机能力的选择 ..............................................................................................397.2氧枪设计 .........................................................................................................................397.2.1喷头类型与选择 ..................................................................................................407.2.2喷头设计 ..............................................................................................................407.3氧枪枪身设计 .................................................................................................................417.3.1枪身各层尺寸的确定 ..........................................................................................417.3.2氧枪长度的确定 ..................................................................................................427.4转炉底部供气构件设计 .................................................................................................427.4.1底气种类 ..............................................................................................................427.4.2底气用量 ..............................................................................................................437.4.3供气构件 ..............................................................................................................437.4.4底吹元件布置 ......................................................................................................438 转炉车间烟气净化与回收 .......................................................................................................448.1转炉烟气与烟尘 .............................................................................................................448.1.1烟气的特征 ..........................................................................................................448.1.2烟尘的特征 ..........................................................................................................448.2烟气净化方案选择 .........................................................................................................448.2.1炉口附近烟气处理方法 ......................................................................................448.2.2转炉烟气净化方法 ..............................................................................................458.3烟气净化系统 .................................................................................................................458.4烟气净化回收系统主要设备.........................................................................................458.4.1烟罩 ......................................................................................................................458.4.2静电除尘器 ..........................................................................................................468.4.3煤气柜 ..................................................................................................................46车间主要设备的选择 ...................................................................................................................479.1原料跨.............................................................................................................................479.1.1混铁车的设计 ......................................................................................................479.1.2废钢料斗的计算 ..................................................................................................489.2 转炉跨.............................................................................................................................489.2.1钢包 ......................................................................................................................489.2.2渣罐数量的确定 ..................................................................................................499.3 精炼跨.............................................................................................................................499.4 连铸跨.............................................................................................................................509.4.1板坯的生产： (尺寸为 170mm× 1500mm) .........................................................509.4.2方坯的生产： (尺寸为 150mm× 150mm) ...........................................................539.4.3其它工艺参数的确定 ..........................................................................................549.4.4中间包主要工艺参数的确定..............................................................................549.4.5结晶器的有关参数 ..............................................................................................549.4.6车间起重机的选择 ..............................................................................................5510 主厂房工艺布置 .....................................................................................................................5610.1原料跨间的布置 ..........................................................................................................5610.2转炉跨间的布置 ..........................................................................................................5810.2.1 炉子跨的布置 ....................................................................................................5810.2.2 转炉跨各平台的确定 ........................................................................................5910.3连铸设备的布置 ..........................................................................................................6211 总劳动定员表 .........................................................................................................................651炼钢工序 ...........................................................................................................................652连铸工序 ...........................................................................................................................663燃气 ...................................................................................................................................674给排水...............................................................................................................................675热力 ...................................................................................................................................686通风 ...................................................................................................................................687 电气 688 精炼工序 689 机修 6910 检化室 6912 主要技术经济指标 70致谢 711 文献综述1.1 国外炼钢技术的发展世界近代炼钢工业首先诞生于欧洲，机器的大量发明和广泛应用，是炼钢成为最基本的工业材料，对钢铁的数量和质量的需求越来越高。

首先公布转炉炼钢法的是英国发明家亨利·贝塞麦， 1965 年，亨利·贝塞麦在英国科学协会发表演讲，宣布其发明了底吹酸性空气转炉炼钢法，也因此此法生产率高、成本低的炼钢方法，成为冶金史上的一大创举，从此开创了大规模炼钢的新时代回顾氧气转炉炼钢的发展，可分为以下三个时期1) 转炉大型化时期（ 1950~1970）：以转炉大型化技术为核心，逐步完善了转炉炼钢工艺和设备 先后开发出大型化转炉设计技术、 OG法除尘与煤气回收技术、计算机静态与副枪动态控制技术、镁碳砖综合砌筑与喷补挂渣等护炉工艺技术2) 转炉复合吹炼时期（ 1970~1990）：这一时期，由于连铸技术的迅速发展，出现了全连铸的炼钢车间对转炉炼钢的稳定性和终点控制的准确性提出了更高的要求 为了改善转炉吹炼后期钢 - 渣反应远离平衡，实现稳定吹炼的目标，综合顶吹、底吹转炉的优点，研究开发出各种顶低复合吹炼工艺技术，在世界上迅速推广3) 转炉综合优化时期（ 1990 年以后）：在这一时期，由于社会对纯净钢的生产需求日益增加迫切需要建立起一种全新的、能大规模廉价生产纯净钢的生产体制围绕纯净钢生产，研究开发出铁水“三脱”预处理、高效转炉生产、全自动吹炼控制与溅渣护炉等重大新工艺技术。

降低了生产成本、大幅提高了生产效率1.2 钢铁工业在国民经济中的地位和作用钢铁工业是国民经济的支柱产业，是国民经济中的主导产业而钢铁材料是用途最广泛的金属材料，人类使用的金属中，钢铁占 90%以上人们生活离不开钢铁，人们从事生产或其他活动所用的工具和设施也都要使用钢铁材料钢铁产量往往是衡量一个国家工业化水平和生产能力的重要标志，钢铁的质量和品种对国民经济的其他工业部门产品的质量，都有着极大的影响世界经济发展到今天，钢铁作为最重要的基础材料之一的地位依然未受到根本性的影响，而且，在可预见的范围内，这个地位也不会因世界新技术和新材料的进步而消弱纵观世界主要发达国家的经济发展史，不难看出钢铁材料工业的发展在美国、前苏联、日本、英国、德国、法国等国家的经济发展中都起到了决定性作用这些国家和地区钢铁工业的迅速发展和壮大对于推动其汽车、造船、机械、电器等工业的发展和经济的腾飞都发挥了至关重要的作用美国钢铁工业曾在 20 世纪 70-80 年代遭到来自日本为主的国外进口材料的冲击而受到重创，钢铁产品生产能力急剧下降，但经过十几年的改造和重建，终于在 20 世纪 90 年代中期恢复到其原有的钢铁生产规模，为其维持世界强国地位继续发挥着重要作用。

由此可见钢铁工业在国民经济的重要作用，并且钢铁工业在整个国家的发展中都起着举足轻重的作用1.3 现代转炉炼钢工艺流程现在钢铁联合企业是一个庞大而复杂的综合生产部门在这个钢铁联合企业中，钢铁材料的生产包括采矿、选矿、烧结（球团） 、焦化、炼铁、炼钢和各种轧钢等过程由于各种钢材质量主要决定于炼钢工艺过程和设备，所以炼钢成为钢铁工业生产流程中的中心环节目前主要的炼钢方式是转炉炼钢，我国现在转炉钢占总钢产量的比例已经超过 80%，并接近 90%过去钢铁冶炼的工艺流程基本是铁水→炼钢炉（转炉、电炉、平炉）→浇铸（模铸、连铸）→轧钢的模式，这样的模式由于缺少铁水的预处理、炉外精炼工艺，只能冶炼普通钢种，难以冶炼优质特种高性能钢材，平炉由于其炉渣碱度低，脱磷、脱硫效果差，限制了钢材质量的提高，随着工业和科学技术的发展，对钢材质量和性能提出了更高的要求，迫使人们开发冶炼更多品种的钢材，从而推动了炼钢技术的不断发展转炉冶炼采用铁水预处理、炉外精炼工艺后，钢的质量大大提高，转炉钢品种增加，。