chapter12呼吸系统课件

chapter12呼吸系统课件Chapter 12Respiratory Systemchapter12呼吸系统课件Activity 1: Choose the ones that air passes through during breathing and arrange them in the right order lalveolar sacldiaphragmlintercostal musclesltrachealnostrilslbronchilpleural cavitylnasal cavitiesllaryngopharynxlnasopharynxloropharynxlvisceral pleuralparietal pleuralmediastinumlbronchiolelalveolar ductchapter12呼吸系统课件The right orderlnostrils nasal cavities nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx trachea bronchi bronchiole alveolar duct alveolar sacdiaphragm / intercostal muscles / pleural cavity / visceral pleura / parietal pleura / mediastinumchapter12呼吸系统课件Respiratory functionchapter12呼吸系统课件ventilationGas exchangeAirway Respiratory muscleAir volumeEffective capillary bedAirway pressure gradientchapter12呼吸系统课件Respiratory Function Testn Spirometry肺量测定法,呼吸量测定法n Airway resistance & compliancen Diffusion capacityn (肺弥散量 )n Exercise respiratory function testchapter12呼吸系统课件Spirometry TermsnVC (vital capacity) 【P116】 nTV (tidal volume) 【P116】 nFEV1(1st second forced expiratory volume) 【P116】 nERV (expiratory reserve volume) 【P？】 nIRV (inspiratory reserve volume) 【P？】 nIC (inspiratory capacity) 【P114】 chapter12呼吸系统课件chapter12呼吸系统课件Static parameters静态参数nTLC (total lung capacity) 【P116】 nRV (residual volume) 【P?】 nFRC (functional residual capacity) 【P114】 chapter12呼吸系统课件Diffusion abnormality:nInterstitial lung diseases 【P?】 nPulmonary edema 【P116】 nPulmonary vascular disorders 【P116】 chapter12呼吸系统课件Physical examination of the chestchapter12呼吸系统课件视诊inspectionrespiratory frequencyrespiratory frequency 1. tachypnea 1. tachypnea 【P113】 2424次次/ /分分 2. bradypnea 2. bradypnea 【P110】 12expectoration 【P113】 Characters:mucoid: produced with many acute or chronic infectionspurulent: contains WBC pieces and necrotic tissue blood-stainedwith special odor anaerobic infection rusty：Pneumococcal pneumoniaserous： alveolar carcinomachapter12呼吸系统课件Commonly Seen Respiratory Symptomshemoptysis 【P111】 Blood originating below the level of the larynx that being coughed outfrom blood-tinged sputum to massive gross bloodnot hematemesis （ vomited out ）chapter12呼吸系统课件Commonly Seen Respiratory Symptomsdyspnea 【P111】 Inspiratory dyspnea Expiratory dyspnea Mixed dyspneachapter12呼吸系统课件Cardiac dyspnea Symptoms of congestive heart failure can cause orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea when elevated-filling pressure is present. chapter12呼吸系统课件orthopnea【112】difficulty in breathing in the supine positionrelieved by sitting up, which reduces the degree of pulmonary congestion by pooling blood in the lower extremities and lowering left ventricular filling pressures, improving the diaphragmatic movement, increasing vital capacitychapter12呼吸系统课件paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneaSymptoms: Awaking short of breath at nightOften obtaining relief by sitting up for a period of timeIn the most advanced cases, the patients become acutely dyspneic, cyanotic and very frequently produce foamy sputum tinged with bloodchapter12呼吸系统课件paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneaSignsMoist rales at the both lung basesTachycardiaWheezingBronchospasm【P110】chapter12呼吸系统课件Activity 2: Find their English Equivalent for the following common respiratory conditions慢性阻塞性肺病百日咳胸膜炎气胸气管炎白喉支气管炎声带炎血胸， 胸腔积血喘鸣肺气肿，气肿鼻出血，鼻衄脓胸缺氧喉炎胸膜积水血氧不足胸膜痛肺出血肺炎鼻炎chapter12呼吸系统课件Activity 2: Find their English Equivalent for the following common respiratory conditions慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) /chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD)百日咳pertussis /whooping cough胸膜炎pleurisy气胸pneumothorax气管炎tracheitis白喉diphtheria支气管炎 bronchitis声带炎 chorditis血胸， 胸腔积血hemothorax / hemathorax喘鸣 stridor肺气肿，气肿 emphysema鼻出血，鼻衄 epistaxis脓胸pyothorax缺氧anoxia喉炎laryngitis胸膜积水hydrothorax血氧不足hypoxemia胸膜痛 pleuralgia / pleurodynia肺出血 pneumorrhagia肺炎pneumonia鼻炎rhinitischapter12呼吸系统课件Activity 3: Translate the Following into English.本品可快速缓解下列疾病所致症状：本品可快速缓解下列疾病所致症状：过敏性鼻炎过敏性鼻炎 过敏性皮炎过敏性皮炎 过敏性哮喘过敏性哮喘适应症：适应症：用于慢性鼻炎、季节性过敏性鼻炎用于慢性鼻炎、季节性过敏性鼻炎(枯枯草热草热)、慢性特发性（、慢性特发性（idiopathic）荨麻疹和其）荨麻疹和其他与组胺相关的皮肤疾病如搔痒等；本品还可快他与组胺相关的皮肤疾病如搔痒等；本品还可快速缓解流涕、打喷嚏、哮喘和皮疹。

速缓解流涕、打喷嚏、哮喘和皮疹禁忌症：禁忌症：禁用于对其成分过敏者及哺乳妇女禁用于对其成分过敏者及哺乳妇女副作用：副作用：可有轻微一过性的副作用如头痛、晕眩、可有轻微一过性的副作用如头痛、晕眩、昏睡、兴奋、口干和胃肠道不适等昏睡、兴奋、口干和胃肠道不适等剂量和服用方法：剂量和服用方法：成人和成人和12岁以上的儿童：每岁以上的儿童：每天一片，每片天一片，每片10毫克。