《重新理解马克思》读书小组读书报告

重新理解马克思?读书小组读书报告 小组成员：印道胜 杨梦嫦 钱立宇 易小青 何 香 卿飞云本学期我们班学习了?马克思主义原著选读?这门课程，为更好的学习马克思主义，理解马克思经典原著内容，我们还成立了课外读书小组，共同阅读了俞吾金所著的?重新理解马克思?一书，并且在阅读过程中针对阅读所产生的疑惑和问题，屡次进行了讨论、交流，以到达提高认识、拓展思路的目的下面对本读书小组在阅读后所得的收获及产生的想法同大家分享一下经过小组统一安排进度，我们有步骤、有方案的在预定时间内完成了对?重新理解马克思?全书的阅读，从本书的阅读中似乎看到了“俞吾金式的马克思哲学〞，书中纠正了人们对马克思哲学研究中存在的一些误解和盲点，以批判的精神对传统教科书式的进行了重新解读，给我们提供了一个新的视域去理解马克思、理解马克思哲学当然，对俞吾金先生在书中所提出的一些观点也产生了质疑，并罗列出来以供大家共同探讨重新理解马克思?共分上、中、下三篇，共由38篇研究论文组成上篇是“马克思哲学的思想定位〞，主要论述了马克思哲学思想的来源、马克思和恩格斯哲学思想之间的差异、马克思哲学的本质，肯定马克思哲学就是历史唯物主义、成熟时期的马克思没有提出过历史唯物主义以外的任何其他的哲学理论。

中篇是“马克思哲学的根本概念〞，主要探讨了马克思关于本体论、人、实践、空间、异化、辨证法等根本概念，试图超越传统哲学教科书的理解和解释模式，对这些根本概念作出新的阐释下篇是“马克思哲学的当代意义〞，主要探索了马克思哲学在全球化和后现代主义的背景下面临的新的挑战，展示了马克思哲学思想资源在新的历史条件下的巨大的开展潜力一、 主要的新观点马克思的思想来源问题在1913年，列宁发表了?马克思主义的三个来源和三个组成局部?的著名论文在这篇论文里，列宁指出，德国的古典哲学、英国古典政治经济学和法国空想社会主义是马克思主义的三个局部；即三个主要来源列宁的这一观点的影响是如此巨大，直到现在我们的教科书还有人民群众都认可这一观点但俞吾金先生认为，在新的历史条件下，尤其是?1844年经济学哲学手稿?和晚年的人类学笔记的问世后，我们发现仅仅用列宁的三个来源的观点来解释马克思主义是有局限性的作者认为，三个来源说从根本上未摆脱用“欧洲中心论〞出发来理解马克思思想的传统视角，并且无形中把马克思主义的整个理论局限在对欧洲近代社会分析这一时间跨度上另外，作者认为，“仅仅停留在三个来源和三个组成局部的传统见解上，马克思关于东方社会的理论必定会遭到无视，至少会被贬损为游离于其根本理论架构之外的、附带性的、枝节性的东西。

这样一来，马克思思想也就失去了它本来具有的那种完整的理论形象〞作者认为，在组成马克思主义的三个来源之外，还存在着第四个主要来源，那就是英、美、德、俄的人类学思想第四个思想来源有助于我们形成这样一个认识，有利于全面地、准确地、完整地理解马克思思想，有利于解构马克思主义研究中的“欧洲中心论〞倾向，有利于东方人更能清楚地认识到自己特殊的历史状况，从而更自觉地创造历史，朝着有利于人民群众的方向开展马克思哲学与西方哲学之间关系的问题俞吾金认为马克思继承了西方传统哲学的优秀遗产，同时又超越了西方传统哲学马克思哲学本质上是附属于当代西方哲学的，但它又吸收了近代哲学中许多的精华最后，马克思哲学既蕴含着丰富的人文精神，又成认规律的客观性马克思哲学坚持人文精神与科学精神的融合正如马克思自己所指出的：“自然科学往后将包括人的科学，正像关于人的科学中包括自然科学一样：这将是一门科学〞总之，我们要辩证地理解马克思哲学与西方哲学的本质关系另外，俞吾金着重论述康德、黑格尔和费尔巴哈对马克思思想的影响，以及马克思对他们的吸收、批判和超越并且，作者讲到了马克思哲学受到知识论哲学的影响很深而马克思主义哲学研究也深受知识论哲学的侵蚀，而这个问题还没有引起理论界足够的重视。

我们应自觉地批判知识论哲学传统，只有这样我们才能更准确地把握马克思主义哲学的实质作者接着谈到历史唯物主义概念问题作者认为，历史唯物主义是马克思哲学革命性之所在晚年成熟时期的马克思再也没有提过历史唯物主义以外的哲学可以肯定地说，历史唯物主义就是马克思哲学可是当今，人们对历史唯物主义的理解只是“狭义的历史唯物主义概念〞他们把马克思哲学的结构理解为两个层面：“一是根底层面—现代唯物主义，对应于‘世界’概念中的‘自然’局部；二是应用层面—历史唯物主义，对应于‘世界’概念中的‘社会’局部〞但是，“狭义的历史唯物主义〞却有它自身的困难事实证明，通过“一般唯物主义〞推出“历史唯物主义〞是不可能的费尔巴哈就是一个例子，当费尔巴哈考察自然时，他是一个纯粹的唯物主义者，而一旦进入社会，他又变为一个唯心主义者了狭义的历史唯物主义概念〞遮蔽和弱化了马克思哲学的真正本质而且，马克思哲学也被实证化了，又陷入了知识论哲学的泥淖作者认为马克思哲学应当是“广义的历史唯物主义〞这就是说，“第一，历史唯物主义不仅适合于传统意义上的社会历史领域，而且同时适合于其他一切领域，是我们研究一切领域的前提性理论；第二，历史唯物主义不仅是马克思哲学的‘根底和核心’，而且是全部马克思哲学。

〞在这个意义上说，“广义的历史唯物主义〞就是辩证唯物主义和实践唯物主义，他们三者是一致的对于此观点的我们还有很多疑惑，下文另有讨论3.对哲学根本问题的再认识问题俞吾金先讲了哲学元问题与哲学根本问题的区别与联系，并且还纠正了人们对它们二者之间的误解人们在理解哲学根本问题和哲学元问题时，之所以常常陷入误解之中，是因为他们把哲学与哲学的具体类型混淆起来了哲学的元问题只有一个，即什么是哲学的问题而哲学的根本问题那么是哲学具体类型的根本问题比方说，思维与存在的关系问题是知识论哲学的根本问题理解了这一点，误解也就自然消除了俞吾金先生紧接着又提出了马克思哲学的根本问题又是什么呢？俞吾金先生按照马克思的思想历程对马克思哲学的根本问题进行了透辟的分析后指出，马克思哲学的根本问题是实践问题实践问题必然展示出以下两方面的内容：一是人与自然的关系，二是人与人的关系知识论哲学的根本问题是扬弃了近代西方哲学关于思维与存在的二元论态度认识到马克思哲学的根本问题不是思维与存在的关系问题，而是实践问题，也就从根本上解构了传统教科书关于‘辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义’的二元论体系模式，从而不仅仅把实践理解为马克思认识论的根底，而是理解为马克思全部哲学思想的根底。

这样一来，马克思哲学的内在统一性就获得了根本的保证〞此外，由于中国哲学是人生哲学，中国哲学的重点始终落在社会历史观上，用思维和存在的关系的观点来理解中国哲学只能将全部工作简单化中国哲学注重的是直觉，是整体把握，而不是抽象的分析思维方式，因此，只有用马克思的实践观理解中国哲学，中国哲学的宝藏才能真正被开掘4.关于马克思哲学的本体论的概念俞吾金首先区分了形而上学与知性形而上学的不同传统意义上的形而上学构成哲学的根底理论，它由本体论、心理学、宇宙论和神学四个局部组成我们知道，黑格尔在?小逻辑?中把康德以前的形而上学称之为‘知性形而上学’，并批评其思维方法是机械的、非此即彼的〞也就说知性形而上学只是就思维方法而言的知性的形而上学的思维方法也就是我们的教科书上所讲的那样，是片面地、孤立地、静止地看问题地方法而这都是近代哲学过多地重视认识论、方法论思想倾向的影响，才对形而上学产生了误解，并且把形而上学本体论局部给抹杀掉了而哲学在本质意义上是幸而上的，是具有本体论承诺的马克思哲学也不例外马克思哲学也不是一成不变的，而是随着马克思思想的成熟，而逐渐成熟和完善起来的在这个历程中，马克思哲学也就相应地出现了几个本体论：自我意识本体论、情欲本体论、实践本体论、生产劳动本体论和社会存在本体论。

马克思对自己的思想同样采取批判的态度自我意识本体论、情欲本体论伴随着马克思思想的成熟而被抛弃了马克思坚持的只是后面这三个本体论一般说来，马克思哲学作为改造客观世界的革命理论，可以称之为‘实践本体论’，它主要凸现的是革命的、批判的实践活动在整个人类历史开展中的本体论上的优先性；马克思哲学作为批判地解释客观世界的理论，就其一般形式而言，可称之为‘生产劳动本体论’这种本体论说明，生产劳动或物质生产资料的生产是人类全部历史的第一个前提，无疑具有本体论上的优先性；就马克思哲学作为探索人的社会生活的深层结构而言，又可称之为‘社会存在本体论’〞5. 马克思关于人的概念问题首先，作者理清了费尔巴哈“抽象的人〞的学说与马克思“现实的人及其历史开展的科学〞的学说的理论历史纠葛，澄清了自恩格斯开始以至后来人对他们的理论之间存在的误解其次，作者论述了“普通个人〞的地位和作用的问题，并且指出“在我国，人道主义意识和民主意识的淡薄，竞争、创新、开拓精神的缺乏和家长制作风及平均主义观念的泛滥，都与马克思关于‘个人’问题的理论没有得到正确的理解有关〞当前，对“普通个人〞存在着种种误解例如，认为主张强调“普通个人〞就是主张“个人主义〞等等。

因此，我们在坚持集体主义的同时忽略了“普通个人〞的个体性，这与现在的商品经济时代是不相吻合的商品经济是鼓励人的独立性、自觉性和创造性的，反过来，这些又促进了商品经济的开展马克思哲学就是以现实的，普通的个人为出发点，以个人的全面开展为它的归宿的紧接着俞吾金先生着重论述了“个人全面开展〞的理论，作者对人们关于马克思个人全面开展的理念的误解作了纠正，认为人们将马克思的“个人全面开展〞的理念理解为“人的全面开展〞的理念是一种误读将马克思哲学中的个人理解为一般意义上的人，这就无形中抹杀人的个体性、特殊性，这是不符合马克思哲学观点的作者又自然而然地谈到马克思哲学与人道主义的关系作者驳斥了将“两个马克思〞对立起来的观点，即认为青年时期的马克思主义是人道主义的马克思主义，而晚年的马克思主义是反人道主义的作者坚持将这“两个马克思〞统一起来作者认为青年时期的马克思是坚持传统的人道主义的马克思，而晚年的马克思那么坚持新的人道主义人道主义一直都没有离开马克思主义，只是在特定的历史条件下，人们将它淡化、曲解、遗忘了因此，我们“不但应该认识到马克思主义与人道主义不是水火不相容的，而且应该理直气壮地把马克思主义的人道主义作为社会主义建设时期的主导性理论，从而真正为实现以个人的自由、解放和全面开展为核心内容的共产主义的伟大理想而奋斗。

〞6. 关于马克思哲学的物质观、时空观在传统的哲学教科书的视野里，马克思的物质观可以表述如下：世界统一于物质〔亦即世界的本原是物质〕；物质是不以人的主观意志为转移的客观实在；运动是物质的根本属性；时间和空间是运动着的物质的存在形式〞[9]这种观点看似正确的、合理的，实质是曲解了马克思哲学的物质、时空观这是传统的旧唯物主义的观点，而不是马克思哲学的历史唯物主义的观点马克思的物质观中最核心的概念是“物化〞物化〞有两种含义：“一是一般的含义，即任何劳动产品都是活劳动的一种物化；二是特殊的含义，即在私有制社会，尤其是资本主义社会中，物〔商品、货币等〕被主体化了，而人反而被物化〔即异化〕了〞传统的唯物主义是以静态的、直观的方式去看待物质和物质的存在形式，而马克思那么以实践的观点去理解物质同样，在时空观上也存在着传统的唯物主义与历史唯物主义的对立传统的时空观认为，时间和空间是物质的存在形式，时间和空间是无限的而马克思那么突破了这些框架，而是把全部讨论置于人类实践活动的根本形式－生产劳动的根底上，来展示人活动于其中的整个世界图景而且，马克思的时空观还是社会形态时空观在三大社会形态〔即前商品经济社会、商品经济社会和后商品经济社会〕中，时空概念有着质的差异，这也就为比拟哲学文化的研究奠定了坚实的理论根底。

纠正了当前在比拟哲学研究中存在着“形似〞而非“神似〞的误区二、 我们的一些质疑的“广义的历史唯物主义〞是否在排斥由马克思和恩格斯所共同创立的历史唯物主义？马克思主义哲学的标志性成果是历史唯物主义，恩格斯是历史唯物主义的创立者之一和主要阐发者，对恩格斯的排斥必将导致对由马克思和恩格斯所共同创立的历史唯物主义的排斥2.在谈到历史唯物主义时，俞吾金说，“历史唯物主义不仅是马克思哲学的‘根底和核心’，而且是全部马克思哲学〞[1](P139)但在谈到作为实践诠释学的马克思哲学时，他又说，“实践诠释学本质上就是马克思哲学〞[1](P416)3.在谈到马克思哲学的根本问题时，作者说，“马克思主义哲学本质上是实践唯物主义……〞[1](P111)但在谈到作为解构理论的马克思哲学时，他又说，“马克思的历史唯物主义本质上乃是人本主义……〞[1](P402) 4.在谈到作为全面生产理论的马克思哲学时，作者说：“马克思的全面生产理论不但为我们重新阐释马克思哲学提供了一把钥匙，而且这种重新阐释必定会导致这样的结果，即马克思哲学也就是全面生产理论〞[1](P387)但在谈到重构马克思哲学时，他又说，马克思哲学是一元论体系，“这一体系的主导性线索乃是‘物——价值——时间——自由——革命’〞[1](P461)。

5.在谈到马克思对存在、自然存在和社会存在关系的思索时，作者说：“马克思哲学的实质不是自然哲学，而是实践哲学；不是历史哲学，而是经济哲学；不是逻辑学，而是法哲学〞[1](P227)但在谈到马克思的物质观时，他又说：“社会生产关系本体论才是马克思哲学的实质，才是马克思考察其他一切问题的前提〞[1](P283)6.在谈到马克思哲学的根本问题时，作者说：“在马克思的全部哲学理论中，实践居于根底和核心的位置上〞[1](P111)但在谈到马克思本体论的本质属性时，他又说，“历史唯物主义的根底和核心就是社会生产关系本体论〞[1](P216)三、总结 ?重新理解马克思?给我们提供了一个新的视域去理解马克思、理解马克思哲学，我们从中看到了很多新颖的观点，也得到了一些启发，虽然我们也提出了一些质疑，但总的来说还是收获良多阅读的目的在于吸收书本的知识精华，我们的阅读也是如此事物都是很难企及完美的，纵使此书有些观点没有得到学术界的广泛认可，仍存在着很多质疑，但总体而言，我们的阅读实现了提高我们对马克思哲学的认识、拓展了理解马克思思想的思路的目的——对马克思哲学的根底理论和当代意义的反思[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社，2005.〔英文版 〕 Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the < code > adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; < rule > around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as "negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the" bottom line ". Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. < code > and < Regulations > revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines > and < Chinese Communist Party discipline and Punishment Regulations > column 1 by 2021 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party's leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the < code > and < rule >, reflects the party's 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the party's eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of < the ICAC guidelines > in < in 1997 Leaders as members of the Communist Party of China clean politics certain criteria (Trial) > based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2021, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, "eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to" hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to "clean" the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. < rule > is in 1997 < Chinese Communist Party disciplinary cases (Trial) > based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to < the criterion of a clean and honest administration > and < rule > the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations < > made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2021 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2021, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, < code > and < Regulations > revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the party's eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised < low political criterion > and < Regulations >, highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent < rule > and < rule >. Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2021 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules." the revision of the < code > and < rule > is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue "de", mainly refers to the party's ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the < code > closely linked to the "self-discipline", insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the "vital few", emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised < > Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a "negative list", emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the party's eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the < code > and < rule > modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) < code > < code > adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the "self-discipline", removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, "eight prohibition" 52 are not allowed to "about the content of the" negative list moved into synchronization amendment < cases >. Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised < code > is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National People's solemn commitment. > < criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the < code >, a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as "four must" "eight code". Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as "four must" the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the party's advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the "public and private", "cheap and rot" thrifty and extravagance "bitter music", put forward the "four norms". Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "vital few", around the "clean politics", from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the "four norms" < > < norm norm. "The Party member's self-discipline norms" and "party members and leading cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms," a total of eight, collectively referred to as the "eight". "Four must" and "eight" of the content from the party constitution and Party's several generation of leaders, especially Xi Jinping, general secretary of the important discussion, refer to the "three discipline and eight points for attention" statements, and reference some embody the Chinese nation excellent traditional culture essence of epigrams. (2) the revised regulations, the main changes in the revised Regulations > to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. < rule > is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the party's advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised < rule > from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of P。