修辞总结(高级英语)

1. Simile:afigureofspeechinwhichonethingislikenedtoanother,insuchawayastoclarifyandenhanceanimage.Itisexplicitcomparisonrecognizedbytheuseofwordslike,as,seem,asif,asthough,suchas.e.g.Witwithoutlearningislikeatreewithoutfruit.•••andthefattestwomanIhaveeverseeninmylifedozinginastraight-backedchair.Itwasasifasackofgrainwassupportedbyamatchbox.Thepentoawriteriswhataguntoafighter.Wehavenomorerighttoconsumehappinesswithoutproducingitthantoconsumewealthwithoutproducingit.Wordsandfeatheraretossedbythewind.Whenhemoves,hislittleagilitysuggestedatamepantherwithouttheclaws.2. Metaphor:afigureofspeechcontaininganimpliedcomparison,inwhichawordorphraseordinarilyandprimarilyusedofonethingisappliedtoanother.e.g.Thesunshineofhappinessismadeupofverylittlebeams.(compare:Happinessislikesunshine:itismadeupofverylittlebeams.)Moneyisbottomlesssea,inwhichhonor,conscience,andtruthmaybedrowninit.Bewareoflittleexpenses.Asmallleakwillsinkagreatship.Ifalluponthethornsoflife!Ibleed.Hishostilitymelted.Bythistimethevolcanicfiresofhisnaturehadburntdown.3. parallelism:comesfromGreek,itmeanstobealongsideoneanother.Itputthewords,phrases,clausesandsentencessimilarorcloseinmeaning,orstructurealongsideoneanother.e.g.withthisfaithwewillbeabletoworktogether,topraytogether,tostruggletogether,togotojailtogether...Itwasnotanger,norsurprise,nordisapproval,norhorror,noranyoftheemotionsthatshehadbeenpreparedfor.4. Antithesis:therhetoricalopposingorcontrastingofideasbymeansofgrammaticallyparalleledarrangementofwords,clausesorsentences.e.g.whenpovertycomesinatthedoor,lovefliesoutatthewindow.Menmakehouses,womenmakehome.Wefoundourselvesrichingoods,butraggedinspirit.Asforme:givemelibertyorgivemedeath.5. allusion(典故，隐喻，):usuallyanimplicitreference,perhapstoanotherworkofliteratureorart,toapersonoranevent.e.g.Yourwantyourpoundofflesh?Ineverbelieveuntilthenthatanymealcoulddefeatme,butonthatdayImetmywaterloo.6. Anaphora:therhetoricaldeviceofrepeatingawordorphraseatthebeginningofsuccessiveclausesorsentences.eg.LetusbedissatisfieduntilAmerica.Letusdissatisfieduntilslums.Letusbedissatisfieduntilintegration.7. Chiasmus(交错配列词):areversalintheorderofwordsintwootherwiseparallelphraseseg.Awell-educatedmanshouldknowsomethingofeverythingandeverythingofsomething.Anoptimistseesanopportunityineverycalamity;apessimistseesacalamityineveryopportunity.Lovemakestimepass,timemakeslovepass.8. Paradoxisastatementthatappearstobelogicallycontradictoryandyetmaybetrue,thepurposeofwhichistoprovokefreshthought.e.g.Morehaste,lessspeed.TheChildisfatheroftheMan9. Alliteration:头韵occurrenceofthesameletterorsoundatthebeginningoftwoormorewordsinsuccessioneg.Amistymorningmayhaveafineday.Heremainedloyaltomethroughthickandthin.Heisasproudasapeacock.10. Transferredepithet:修饰转换\移位修饰thetransferenceofanadjectivetoanountowhichitisnotwhollyappropriateeg.Therewasashort,thoughtfulsilence.Thisisthecheapestmarketinthiscountry.Heclosedhisbusylifeattheageofsixty.11. Understatement:Understatementisusedwhenaspeakerwantstoamakeasituationseemlessstrongorimportantthanitis.Itisoften,butnotalways,expressedbythenegationoftheopposite.eg.Londonisnotthecheapestplaceintheworld.(Londonisexpensive)He'salittleontheoldside.(Hernewhusbandisold)Iwouldn'tsayittastedgreat.(Thefoodisterrible)12. Hyperbole:deliberateandobviousexaggerationusedforeffect.eg.Herwrinklesweighmorethanshedoes!(sheisveryold)Myhistoryteacher'ssoold,helivedthrougheverythingwe'velearnedaboutancientGreeceIthinkofyouamilliontimesaday.13. Metonymy:(转喻)thekindoffigureofspeechinwhichthenameofonethingisusedinplaceofthatofanotherassociatedwithorsuggestedbyit.e.g.Heistoofondofthebottle.Thecrownpresidedthenewyearpartyinthepalace.14. Synecdoche:(提喻)inwhichatermisusedinoneofthefollowingways:€Partofsomethingisusedtorefertothewholethingor€Athing(a"whole")isusedtorefertopartofitor€Aspecificclassofthingisusedtorefertoalarger,moregeneralclass,or€Ageneralclassofthingisusedtorefertoasmaller,morespecificclass,or€Amaterialisusedtorefertoanobjectcomposedofthatmaterial,or€Acontainerisusedtorefertoitscontents.Eg.Heearnshisbreadbywriting.AustraliabeatCanadaatcricket.HeistheNewtonofthiscentury.HewashurtandheneededBand-Aid.(foranyvarietyofadhesivebandage)Shewasdressedinsilks.Ps:最后两种修辞比较容易混淆,synecdoche重点“部分代整体\整体代部分\材料代成口”品”。

Pps:如考试中出现句子中有两个或以上修辞,写出最有把握的一种即可。