英语长句的理解与翻译
英语长句的理解与翻译1．Many experts suggest that the child raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 译文：许多专家觉得：如果一种小朋友在有许多刺激的环境里长大，而这些刺激可以开发其相应的反映能力，那么这个小朋友将会有得到更好的智力发展 2．How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information and on the skill with which it is interpreted. 译文：这些预测在多大限度上会被后来的体现所证明，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和合适性以及解释这些信息的技能。
3．Immediately the army opened fire, killing four men and injuring the fifth who later died of his wounds. 译文：部队忽然开了火，打死四人，尚有一人受伤后来此人也因伤势过重死去 4．The king, whose power is unlimited, and whose treasures surmount战胜 all real and imaginary wants, is compelled to ease, by the construction of the Great Wall, the satiety厌倦 of dominion and tastelessness of pleasure. 译文：那个权力无上、财富无竭的国王，只有通过修筑长城来减轻自己对权力的厌倦和对欢乐的麻木 5．Our hope for creative living in this world house that we have inherited lies in our ability to re-establish the moral ends of our lives. 译文：我们但愿富有发明性地生活在我们继承的这个世界中，这种但愿存在于我们重新建立道德原则的能力之中。
6．To us, a winner is one who responds authentically真的 by being trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.译文：在我们看来，成功者不管作为个人还是社会的一份子，她的真实体现都是可靠、敏捷、和真诚 7. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.对资本和公司的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增长了股东作为一种阶级的数量和重要性。
这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，并且也几乎与责任管理相分离 8．Towns like this sprang up to house, large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.像这样的都市兴起了，大批隐退的享乐阶层人士靠自己的收入，在这里过着悠闲的生活她们与群体之外的人没有联系，只是分取红利，偶尔参与股东会议，对管理人员发号施令 9．Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. , like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. "罗博特•富尔顿曾经写道，机械工将坐在杠杆、螺丝、楔、轮子等周边，像诗人看待字母表中的每个字母同样，把它们作为自己的思路展示，每一种新组合都传送一种新概念。
10．Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.在这些因素中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求，另某些则是由于科学在一定限度上自我加速而产生的某些特定发展的必然成果11．This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.11.这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时某些国家的政府下了结论，觉得：政府向科研机构提出的具体规定一般是无法详尽预见的。
12．However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle general unable to deal with some of the world's more fascination and delightful aspects. 然而，世界就是如此一般而言，完美的体系无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题13．New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.[句子翻译] 同过去同样，将来必然会浮现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的原则 [翻译技巧]as well as 和，以及/give rise to给……以机会9．For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. [句子主干]For Lolyd Nicks, the NT Rights…means he can get on with living without… [语法难点] 插入成分诸多。
此句事实上是个简朴句，其核心构造为Rights means…，只但是添加了诸多限制构造使句子看起来很复杂For Lolyd Nicks”为主句的状语成分，“a 54－years old…cancer”为Lolyd Nicks的同位语 [句子翻译] 对于现年54岁居住在达尔文的的肺癌患者尼克逊来说，这个法案意味着她可以安静地生活下去，而不必终日紧张将要来临的折磨：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中死去10．Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. [句子主干]Someone…, if…, often had nowhere to turn except… [语法难点] 有省略现象traveling不是目前分词，而是引导修饰someone的定语从句if引导的从句中均省略了“主语＋be动词”的构造，这样显得句子简洁 [句子翻译] 独自旅行时，如果没有了食物，受伤了或者生病了，一般只能向近来的小屋或者村落求救。
[翻译技巧] 直译的话，应当说人们“没有其她地方，只有……”可得到协助，但这样写的话显得冗长并且费解，这里根据句意，译为“只能向……求助”就比较精确了turn”的用法比较灵活，意思诸多，这里根据上下文，译为“向……求助”14．We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. in which引导了一种定语从句该从句的分句谓语动词是is而不是are，是由于在这个从句中主语是use，而不是substances，这一点要注意辨别 [句子翻译] 在我们生活的社会里，物质（药物）被广泛地运用于社交和医疗：服用阿司匹林来缓和头疼，喝酒来应酬，上午和咖啡来提神，吸烟镇定情绪等14．We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.在我们生活的社会里，物质（药物）被广泛地运用于社交和医疗：服用阿司匹林来缓和头疼，喝酒来应酬，上午喝咖啡来提神，吸烟镇定情绪等。
12．Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. [句子主干]Dependence is marked first by…, with…, and then by… [语法难点] 有并列从句和省略With引导的是随着构造作状语，修饰的是整个第一分句描述的状态and引导的分句省略了谓语动词marked ，因此要注意其实该分句并不从属于第一分句，而是与之并列的构造 [句子翻译] 依赖的最初体现为耐受力增强，用量越来越大才干达到预期效果，一旦停用就会产生不舒服的症状 [翻译技巧] 有些同窗遇上随着构造就不懂得如何翻译了，其实只要按照本来的语序顺次翻译就是 13．But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. [句子主干]But he talked as well about …, and he announced that… [语法难点] 该句没有从句构造，而是由and连接的两个并列成分构成。
用would是由于体现了某人的主观态度和意愿 [句子翻译] 但她也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要“努力保持均衡”这一问题她宣布公司将竭力对也许招致大众反对的音乐制定多种发行和标记的原则 [翻译技巧] 虽然没有从句构造，但是由于句子太长，有众多的修饰成分，因此建议还是拆为两句较好 14．Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. [句子主干]Average inflation…fell to a mere…, close to its…, before [语法难点]有省略 close to分句是非限定性定语从句，省略了which wasBefore背面的成分是对全句的补充阐明，是状语成分状语成分可以置句首，也可以置句末，并无定规之因此用rising，是由于这里需要一种名次性的构造the inflation which was， 这样显得简洁得多。
[句子翻译] 七大工业国家的通货膨胀率去年下降到了2.3%，接近30年来最低水平，今年7月才小幅上涨到2.5%，比许多国家70年代和80年代两位数低了诸多 [翻译技巧] the big seven industrial economies是指西方七大工业国close to是接近的意思fall to是“跌落至……”的意思 15．Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack. [句子主干] Economists have been… surprised by…and…, since…,and especially…, have … [语法难点] 主句用目前完毕时have been…是由于经济学家长时间以来关注，目前也在关注，是一种从过去持续到目前的动作。
Since引导的是表因素的状语从句 [句子翻译] 特别让经济学家感到惊讶的是，英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的成果，由于老式的分析措施表白，两国特别是美国的经济生产几乎没有浮现滑坡 [翻译技巧] favorable表达的是“非常好的”，不是“非常喜欢的”，与个人取向没有关系productive slack是“生产滑坡”的意思。
