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连词的用法

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  • 并列连词:and ,both...andneither... nnrtonly...butalso, as well as.表转折的连词: but ,while,s till ,ye t,however,neve表示选择的连词: or , ot herwise ,ei th表■因果0的连 词 : so ,for .从 属 连 词 :( 引 导 从 句 ) that ,who,whom,whose, what, how, when, where, why, how. as , because, since, so that,though,even if ,even though ,however,whatever...连词用法讲解作者:林世生 来源:本站原创 更新时间:2006-05-08 点击数:1326© ©色连词连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类并列连词是连接主语与主语,谓语与 谓语,句子与句子,分词与分词的词,它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作 用;而从属连词一般连接主句与从句,从句形式有名词性从句,定语从句和状语 从句等一) 并列连词: 并列连词可用来连接词与词,词组与词组,分句与分句。

    常用的并列连词有:and (和),as well 0^既又) ,both …and不但而且) ,not only …but also(不但而且),not…but不是而是),neither…n^既不也不),either… or (不是就是),or (或者),but (但是),yet (然而),for (因为),so(所以),while (而),when (这时)等如:Both my brot her and my sis ter are teachers./ His room is bright but mine (s音沉o沉的)•/ He can not only repair radios but also fix them. / It is (光荣荣的byet difficult task. / Strike while iron is hot.(二) 从属连词 从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词常见的从属连词有:引导时间状语从句的:aft er, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon a 引导原因状语从句的:because, since, as引导让步状语从句的:alt hough, though, no mat无e论),even if (t hough)引导条件状语从句的:if, unless, once, so (as) long as引导结果状语从句的:so…that…,such…that…引导目的状语从句的:so that…,in order that…引导比较状语从句的:as … as …,not so (as) … as …,… than …引导方式状语从句的:as if…引导主语,宾语或表语从句的连词主要有:that, whether三个。

    其中that和 whe ther间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句三) 某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别1、当while, when,聂|导时间状语从句时的区别:①while引导的状语从句 中动词必须是持续性谓语动词多为进行时,或状态动词的一般时°while的这 些用法可用 when 代替,等于 “at the time that”,“during the例如mePlthasb” keep quiet while (when) others are studying:② when 除可指一段时间外,还可用 来指一点时间,等于“at the time”,也就是说when引出的时间状语从句中的谓 语动词可以是终止性的,也可以延续性的因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时, 进行时,或完成时例如:When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.(when 不能换成 while)He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English. (when可换成while)3as常可与when, while通用,但强调“一边、 一边”。

    例如: As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37.④when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致,主、谓 是“主语+系动词”结构时,这时主语和系动词可以省略例如: When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man./ She'll be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary.⑤when有时代替if,引导条件句,意为“如果"、“假如",例如: I'll come when (if) I'm free.2、 before 作连词一般表示时间,意为“在„之前”,但有些句子中这样译 就显得别扭试看以下句子的翻译: He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他几乎把我撞倒才看见我;Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没 来得及插话,他已经给我量好了尺寸。

    3、 till, until 作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句,用于否定 句时,结构为not ...until (till),主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可,意为“直到… 才„”用于肯定句时,只与延续性动词连用,表示“到„为止”例如: They played volleyball until (till) it got dark./ They didn't talk (延续性动词)until (till) the interpreted 译员)came./ He didn't go to bed (非延续性动词)until (till) the his father came back.; until 可以放在句首,till 则不行,例如:Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home(. 倒装); till, until 只用于时间,以下句子是错误的:We walked till the edge of the forest.(要用as far as 或 to)。

    4、 because, since, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别:①如果原因构成句 子的最主要部分,一般用because ,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末用why 提问的句子,一定用 because 回答例如: He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.;②如原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其他部分重要,就用as,或 since since 比 as 更正式些 as 和 since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头例如: As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now let's begin.5、 although 和 though 引导让步状语从句往往用法一样,但注意以下区别: ①although用于各种文体,而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中注意由 although, though引导的从句后,主句不能用but,但可用副词yet, still例如: Although/ Though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.(或 yet they went on working)②though常与even连用,even though表示强调,意为“即使", 但不能说 even although,例如:Even though I didn't understand a word, I deptsmiling.③though可用作副词,意为“然而",常用逗号与句子分开。

    although 则不能这样使用,它只作连词例如: It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though.6、 once 作副词译“曾经”,作为连词译“一旦”,引导条件状语从句相 当于讦的加强形式例如:I don't believe he was once a thief. (once这里是副词)/ Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. (once 连词)7、 unless 引导条件状语从句等于 if … not …例如: He'll accept the job unless the salary is too low. ( = He'll accept the job if the salary is not too low.)8、 在用 as if 引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中,根据情况要使用虚拟语气 例如: He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有时也可用直陈语气。

    例如: It looks as if it is going to rain.9、 whether,讦引导从句的用法区别:①引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从 句时,用 whether,不用 f例如:Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ The question is whether we can finish the task on time./ The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided. ②whether 可 接不定式,而 f 则不可例如:I haven't decided whether to leave or not.③whether 可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调,而f则不可例如:Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will come, I am not sure. ©whether 和 f均可引导宾语从句,whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句,f引导的宾语 从句可以是肯定的,也可以是否定的(此时不能用whether),例如:Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder if it doesn't rain. ⑤引导 宾语从句的 whether 和 if 常可与 or not 连用。

    连用时要注意 or not 的位置,它一 般与 whether、 if 分开使用,有时它可与 whether 合起来使用,但不能与 if 合起 来使用例如: I don't know whether/ if they will come or not./ I don't know whether or not they will come.⑥if可用来引导条件状语从句,译“如果",whether则 不行例如: If you work hard, you are sure to succeed.10、 as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句①as引导时间状语从句,意为“当…时”例如: As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked.②as引导方式状语从句,意为“象 样"例如:We mustdo as the Party teaches us.③as引导原因状语从句意为“由于",例如:As you are tired, you had better rest.④as引导让步状语从句。

    意为“虽然"、“尽管" Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.) 另外, as 做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句,如: I have the same book as you.一、连词的定义连词是虚词中的一种,它不能在句子里独立地担任句子成分,而只能起连接作用,连接词与 词、短语与短语、句子与句子例 1 Would you like some tea or coffee? (连接词与词)您是喝茶,还是喝咖啡?例 2 Do we have our meet ing in the mor ning or in the after noon?(连接短语与短 语) 我们是上午开会,还是下午开会?例 3 Do it carefully, or you'll make some mistake.(连接句子与句子)认真地干,不 然会出差错的二、连词的分类:并列连词和从属连词(一)并列连词 并列连词用来连接平行对等(即互不从属)的词、词组或分句按照并列连词在句子中的作 用可分为:并列关系,转折关系,选择关系,因果关系。

    并列关系的连词有:and, both...and, not only...but also, as well as, and...as well, no t... nor, n either... nor 等1. and 的基本用法是表示并列和对称关系例 4 He sang and played the guitar. 他一边唱歌一边弹吉他1) 两个对等的宾语或状语之间,在肯定句中用and,但在否定句中,不用and, —般用 or 或 nor例 5 Our college is not in Beijing or Shanghai. 我们的学院既不在北京也不在上海2) 当一个句子中出现了两个否定词时,应该用and连接并列成分这时and表示的也 是全部否定例 6 He did not talk loudly and also not clearly. 他说话声音不大, 也不清晰3) and 用来连接条件分句和结果分句,意思是“. . ,那么..”当两个并列成分本身都 是否定时,也要用 and 连接, and 在这种情况下,仍然表示全部否定4) 在come, go, run, hurry up, stay, stop等动词后,and能用来代替省略to不定 式引导的目的状语。

    例 7 Would you go and tell the children to shut up?你能告诉孩子们别再说话了吗? 注:有时 and 后可用第三人称单数或过去式例 8 He went and had a drink with us yesterday. 昨天他来了,和我们喝了点酒用在try, wait等后,也有类似的用法,但只能用它们的原形例 9 Try and get some water. 尽量拿点水来 5)祈使句 + and 表示条件例 10 Let's give him some help, and he will be able to improve in his studies.咱 们帮帮他,他一定会提高他的学习成绩6) and that ( or those). , .. 而且.. 其作用是补充前面所说的话,以达到强调的 目的用来代表前一分句的全部或一部分例 11 He speaks English, and that very well. 他会说英语,而且说的很好7) at once. and . 既 .. 又..例12 The novel is at once interesting and instructive. 那部小说既有趣,又有教育 意义。

    2. both .and 连接两个平等的成分,避免用两个以上的平等的成分例 13 A man should have both courage and perseverance. 一个人应该既有勇气又 有毅力3. not only. but also. 有时 but 或 also 可省略, not only 位于句首要倒装 例14 He is not only handsome but also clever. 他不仅英俊潇洒,而且聪明4. as well as相当于连词,其意为 in addition to,and also,besides 等as well as 的侧重点在前,强调语气较强连接两个名词时,谓语动词要与第一个名词相一致例 15 He as well as I agrees with you. 他和我一样都同意你的观点例 16 His parents as well as he are very kind to me. 他的父母和他都对我很好5. neither...nor...它们可单独使用,位于句首时要倒装例 17 Gases have neither definite size nor shape of their own. 气体既没有大小, 也没有形状。

    例 18 I can neither speak nor write French. 我既不会说也不会写法语转折关系的连词有:but, however, nevertheless, yet, while, still, whereas, only 等1. but用作连词,意为但是、可是或然而,表示语义的转折例19 She was tired, but she still went on working.她很累了,但她仍然继续努力工作2. However用作连接副词,相当于no matter how,引导让步状语从句,意思是''不管 怎样. . ”“无论如何. . ”,具体结构有以下两种:(1) however+形容词+主语+系动词例20 However rich people are, they always seem anxious to take more money. 无论人们有多富裕,他们似乎总是渴望挣到更多的钱2) however+副词+主语+谓语例 21 However fast he runs, he can't catch up with us.无论他跑得多快也不能赶上 我们。

    3. nevertheless 然而,不过例 22 He is charming; nevertheless, I don't quite trust him. 他很有魅力,然而我 不太相信他4. yet 用作转折连词时,意思是' 然而、可是”例 23 She has her weakness, yet that does not mean she is not qualified for the job. 她有她的缺点,然而那并不意味着她不胜任这项工作 5. while 意为' 而,然而”,表示转 折例 24 He went out, while I stayed at home. 他出去了,而我呆在家里6. still 强调过去发生的事情及存在的状况目前还在延续例 25 We have made some achievements, still we should be modest and prudent. 我们取得了一些成绩,但我们仍须谦虚谨慎7. whereas 意为' 而,然而”连接两个对等的句子例 26 He is ill, whereas I am a little tired. 他病了,而我有些累了。

    例27 You may go, only come back early.你可以去,只是要早点回来选择关系的连 词有: either.or, whether.or, or, rather than. 等1. either.or 作为选择连词,一般用来连接句子中的同等成分,如名词、动词、介词短语 等但有时也可见到前后不一致的情况例 28 You may either stay here or go with us. 你可以留下来,也可以跟我们一起走2. whether..or作''是......还是......"解时,whether表示一种选择,其后可以跟介词短语或 不定式短语例 29 Please tell us whether to go or stay. 请告诉我们是走还是留下来3. rather than 连接两个并列的成分表示宁愿.. ,后面常用动词原形例 30 I would rather read than watch television. 我宁愿读书而不愿看电视4. or在并列结构中,or通常用于否定句表示选择的并列结构中or意思为''否则”例 31 Which would you rather do go walking or go to the movies? 你愿意去散步 还是去看电影?因果关系的连词有: so, for, therefore, accordingly, thus, hence, consequently 等。

    1. so表示''因此〃''所以”,连接并列句,前一分句表示原因,后一分句表示结果例 32 It was late, so we went home. 天晚了,所以我们就回家了例 33 He was angry, so he could not speak. 他很生气,连话都说不出来了2. for 为并列连词,连接两个并列的分句,表示附加的或推断的理由例 34 I could not visit you, for I felt unwell yesterday. 我昨天感觉不舒服,因此没 能拜访你3. therefore 因此,所以例 35 He lost his health, and therefore his difficulties were increased. 他的身体 垮了,因此他的困难比以前增加了4. hence 因此,从此,表示原因,理由例 36 The town was built on the side of a hill; hence ( comes) the name Hillside. 这个小镇建在山边,于是命名为山边5. consequently 结果,从而,因此。

    例 37 It rained three days in succession, and consequently all the bridges were swept away. 一连下了三天雨,所有的桥都被冲走了二)从属连词 从属连词是用来引导从句的,它在主句和从句中间起连接作用具体地说,从属连词主要引 导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)和状语从句,不引导定语从句三、巩固检测1. I can't come back six o'clock perhaps. Don't wait for me for supper.A. after B. ifC. until D. when2. Run quickly, you'll catch up with others.A. or B. andC. because D. but3. The dress was very expensive, I didn't buy it.A. or B. andC. so D. but4. Will you go to the cinema with meyou are free ?A. that B. tillC. if D. before5. Study hard you're sure to have a good result in the exam.A. but B. andC. for D. or6. I was reading a newspaper he came in.A. as soon as B. sinceC. while D. when7. My aunt has worked in the factory she came here .A. after B. beforeC. till D. since8. I didn't begin to work he came back.A. unless B. untilC. when D. since9. Hurry up, you'll be late for school . A. and B. butC. so D. or10. The man is famous in New York a dancer , a singer.A. not as; but also as B. not only as; but alsoC. not only as; but as D. not only as; also as11. He is a good teacher.He knows his students are always thinking.A. if B. whetherC. that D. what12. Excuse me for breaking in , I have some news for you.A. so B. andC. but D. yet13. John shut everybody out of the kitchen he could prepare his grandsurprise for the party.A. which B. whenC. so that D. as if14. Someone called me up in the middle of the nigh,t buy they hung up Icould answer the phone .A. as B. sinceC. until D. before15. The WTO cannot live up to its name it does not include a country thatis home to one fifth of mankind .A. as long as B. whileC. if D. even though16. The changes in the city will cost quite a lo,t they will save us moneyin the long run.A. or B. sinceC. for D. but17. John may phone tonight. I don't want to go out he phones .A. as long as B. in order thatC. in case D. so that18. ---I'm going to the post office .--- you're there,can you get me some stamps ?A. As B. WhileC. Because D. If19. you've got a chance,you might as well make full use of it .A. Now that B. AfterC. Although D. As soon as20. ---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .---Is that you had a few days off ?A. why B. whenC. what D. where【答案与解析】1.解析until引导时间状语从句常与not连用,意为''我大约直到6点才能回来〃,故应为 C。

    2. 解析 从句意理解, '快跑,你会赶上其他人表示并列连接,应为 B3. 解析 本题第一、二分句之间需要一个表示因果关系的并列连词来连接故应为 C4. 解析 从句意理解“如果你有空,你能和我一起去看电影吗? ”表示条件,故应为 C5. 解析 句子意思为“努力学习,(那么)你的考试就肯定回有好的成绩” 这是一个并列句, 根据所给的四个连词来分析,选项A的but所连接的句子有''转折”之意,选项C的for是表示 原因的,选项D的or(否则)也是表示反面的结果只有选项B的and表示''因此”''那么”(=as a result of this)才是正确的6. 解析 ' 我当时正在看报”可以判断出从句的行为动作发生时,主句的行为动作正在进行 着和从句的一般过去时''他进来"A项的as soon as (一......就)与B项的since (自从......以 来)都不符合句意C项的while和D项的when都有''当……的时候〃,不过while引导的从 句通常动词为延续性的(如:work)而when引导的从句动词既可以是延续性的也可以是非延 续性的综上所述,D项为本题的答案7. 解析 从属连词 since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时,表示从 过去某一时刻开始的动作,一直延续到现在,答案选 D。

    8. 解析 该题考查从属连词 until 的用法 until 意为' 直到.. 为止”,表示时间上的转折点, 在此以前发生的动作或状态,到了这个时刻,就立刻停止,转为另外的动作或状态,答案为 B9. 解析该题包含的是一个选择关系的并列句,其句型是: ''祈使句+or+陈述句〃,前边的 祈使句表示一个否定的条件Hurry up, or you'll be late for school If you don't hurry up you'll be late for school该题正确答案为 D10. 解析 并列连词not only...but also...中的also可以省略,但but不能省略not only.but(also). 连接的前后两部分必须保持一致或对等,正确答案为 C11. 解析 该题考查引导宾语从句的连接词的用法,答案为D连接代词what引导从句时, 表示所做事情的内容,这句意为' 这位老师知道他的学生总在想什么 ”12. 解析本题考查学生的情景交际用语知识but在交际用语中,与'I'm sorry"及 ''Excuse me”等连用,表示委婉拒绝或道歉,故答案为C。

    13. 解析根据从句中的''could”可以推断出''约翰把大家关在门外”的目的是: ''他能够为晚 会准备他的惊奇”故答案为 C14. 解析 根据题意表示的转折关系,可知是没来得及接电话, before 意为' 没来得及.. 就”,故答案为 D15. 解析 要做好此题必须理解以下几个词语的意思:''live up to…配得上……,'be home to...”……的家园,''one fifth of mankind'五分之一的人类句意为:如果世界贸易组织不包括 占世界人口五分之一的国家,它就不能够名副其实 as long as 表示' 仅有的条件”, while 表 示''同时或转折”,if表示''条件”,even though表示''让步”,因此答案为C16. 解析 该题考查考生对并列连词but的用法和意义的掌握,分析题意可知前后句之间存 在着转折关系,因此答案是Do17. 解析由前句句意可知''我不想出去”的原因是因为他有可能打电话来,B和D均表示目 的,不合题意;A项意为''只要”,也不合题意;而in case则表示''for fear that”,意为''以防, 免得”,故答案为C。

    另外,in case还可以用在句尾,表示''以防万一”,18. 解析根据题意可知是''正打算去邮局”,上下句所表示的逻辑关系是时间关系as强调 主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;while除可表示动作的同时性外还含有一 个动作在另一个动作正在进行或持续进行的某一时刻发生从题中提供的情景判断,从句强调的 是在一个动作持续进行时,另一个动作发生答案为 B另外,while作并列连词,还可意为''但是,可是;然而”,表示转折或对比,19. 解析 本题句中的might as welI可用于提出建议,now that表原因,含义为'because of the fact that”意为''既然”答案为A20. 解析 本题要根据语境和交际需要选择最佳答案对话双方一位说上周驱车到珠海看航空表演,另一位问这是否是休假几天的原因,只有A项才符合交流情景答案为Ao。

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