2022高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero讲义 新人教版必修1
2022高考英语一轮复习 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero讲义 新人教版必修1Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的2．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的3．easygoing adj. 随和的；温和宽容的4．self n. 自我；自身5．selfish adj. 自私的6．selfless adj. 无私的；忘我的7．selflessly adv. 无私地；忘我地 [第二屏听写]8．invader n． 侵略者9．republic n. 共和国；共和政体10．principle n. 法则；原则；原理11．livelihood n. 生计；谋生12．mankind n. 人类13．lawyer n. 律师14．legal adj. 法律的；依照法律的15．fee n. 费(会费、学费等)；酬金 [第三屏听写]16．league n． 同盟；联盟；联合会17．Youth League 青年团18．quote n. 引用语；语录19．release vt. 释放；发行20．blanket n. 毛毯；毯子21．terror n. 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动22．anti[前缀] 反；抗；阻23．antiblack adj. 反黑人的 [第四屏听写]Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)1．quality n． 质量；品质；性质2．warmhearted adj. 热心肠的3．active adj. 积极的；活跃的4．devote vt. (与to连用)献身；专心于5．devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的6．found vt. 建立；建设7．peaceful adj. 和平的；平静的；安宁的8．hopeful adj. 怀有希望的；有希望的 [第五屏听写]9．youth n． 青年；青年时期10．guidance n. 指导；领导11．stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期12．vote vt.&vi. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票；表决13．attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击14．equal adj. 相等的；平等的15．willing adj. 乐意的；自愿的 [第六屏听写]16．unfair adj. 不公正的；不公平的17．escape vi.&vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露18．educate vt. 教育；训练19．educated adj. 受过教育的；有教养的20．beg vi. 请求；乞求21．relative n. 亲戚；亲属22．reward n. 报酬；奖金vt. 酬劳；奖赏 [第七屏听写]23．sentence vt. 判决；宣判24．president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长25．opinion n. 意见；看法；主张26．violence n. 暴力；暴行27．cruelty n. 残忍；残酷28．out_of_work 失业29．as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上 [第八屏听写]30．blow_up 使充气；爆炸31．in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中32．turn_to 求助于；致力于33．lose_heart 丧失勇气或信心34．e_to_power 当权；上台35．set_up 设立；建立36．be_sentenced_to 被判处……(徒刑) 二、刷清单——(一)核心单词阅读单词1.mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的2．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的3．republic n. 共和国；共和政体4．principle n. 法则；原则；原理5．mankind n. 人类6.lawyer n． 律师7．legal adj. 法律的；依照法律的8．blanket n. 毛毯；毯子9．terror n. 恐怖；可怕的人； 恐怖时期；恐怖活动10．invader n. 侵略者11.livelihood n. 生计；谋生12．fee n． 费(会费、学费等)；酬金13．league n. 同盟；联盟；联合会14．quote n. 引用语；语录15．release vt. 释放；发行表达单词1.quality n． 质量；品质；性质2．warmhearted adj. 热心肠的3．found vt. 建立；建设4．hopeful adj. 怀有希望的；有希望的5．youth n. 青年；青年时期6．vote vt.&vi. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票；表决7．escape vi.&vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露8．reward n. 报酬；奖金vt. 酬劳；奖赏9．president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长10．opinion n. 意见；看法；主张11．stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期12．attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击13．willing adj. 乐意的；自愿的14．beg vi. 请求；乞求[语境活用]1．Tsinghua University, founded (建立) in 1911, is one of the best universities in China.2．Our pany is more concerned with quality (质量) than quantity.3．They managed to escape (逃脱) from the burning building by breaking down the door.4．The government rewarded (奖赏) him for saving the old man in the well.5．Black people could not vote (投票) or choose their leaders.6．We may have different opinions (看法) in organizing class activities.7．China is playing an important role on the international political stage (舞台)．拓展单词1.active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地；活跃地→activity n．活动2．devote vt.献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．关爱；献身；奉献；忠诚3．peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地→peace n．和平；平静；和睦4．guidance n．指导；领导→guide vt.带领；引导 n．向导5．violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violently adv.猛烈地；剧烈地6．equal adj.相等的；平等的→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地7．educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者；教育家[语境活用]1．In order to give her a good education,_her parents sent her to a famous school to be educated. (educate)2．China is known to be a peaceful country. It's been a model of peace in the world. (peace)3．Bethune, a devoted friend of Chinese, devoted his life to helping Chinese. I really respect his devotion to medical work.(devote)4．All men are born equal,_so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)5．He criticized violently that the government did little to stop the violence in the country.(violent)(二)常用短语写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.out_of_work 失业2．as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上3．blow_up 使充气；爆炸4．in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5．turn_to 求助于；致力于6．lose_heart 丧失勇气或信心7．e_to_power 当权；上台8．set_up 设立；建立9．be_sentenced_to 被判处……(徒刑)10．be_willing_to_do_sth._ 愿意做某事11．be_in_prison 蹲监狱12．in_one's_opinion 在某人看来1.Many university students dream of setting_up their own panies after graduating.2．Don't lose_heart! Try again and you will get what you want.3．According to the report, the new president will e_to_power at the very beginning of next month.4．Because he has been out_of_work for months, the young man now depends on his parents for a living. 5．However, when it is something beyond my petence, I turn_to my classmates or teachers for help.6．I knew we were in_trouble_when the elevator stopped.7．As_a_matter_of_fact,_the news that he told me yesterday is true.(三)经典句式原句背诵句式解构佳句仿写1.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
拟人修辞手法主语是时间或地点名词，谓语是see, find等动词，表示经历或目睹了某事近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临The_last_few_years_have_seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to e.2.... only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装事实上，只有不断地行动，不断地调整计划，我们才能达到我们的最终目标2016·浙江高考写作)Actually, only_by_getting_moving_and_constantly_adjusting_the_plan_can_we_ achieve our final goal.3.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
the first time “第一次……”，引导时间状语从句第一次比赛失败，我们都感到很沮丧，因为我们都全身心地为此做了充分准备2013·湖南高考写作)The_first_time_we_lost_the_match,_we all felt very depressed, because we had all been devoted to making full preparations for it.(四)初中考点再回顾高频考查类——记熟文化差异类——辨清易忘易错类——勤览1.be_different_from 与……不同 2．be_hard_on_sb. 对某人苛刻；对某人要求严厉3．be_kind_to_sb. 对某人友好4．be_necessary_to_do_sth. 有必要做某事5．be_patient_with 对……有耐心6．be patient of sth. 容忍某物1.e_true 实现2．take_a_message_ 捎口信3．keep_a_diary 写日记4．have a great day 过得愉快5．Wet paint! 油漆未干！6．be up to sb. 由某人决定1.go to the movie/cinema 看电影 2．go to school 上学3．go to college 上大学4．eat well 吃得好5．taste good 好吃6．make a fire 生火一、过重点单词——1．devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于[高考佳句] I feel that I've been given a second life to devote to something that is meaningful and enormous.(2017·天津高考)我感觉我被给予另一种生活去致力于做一些有意义而又伟大的事。
1)devote ... to ... 把……奉献于……devote oneself to 献身于……；致力于……(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于……；奉献于……(3)devotion n. 关爱；献身；奉献；忠诚[多角练透]单句语法填空①Once married, Joe devoted her life _to_ looking after children and being a fulltime homemaker.②Devoting (devote) herself/Devoted (devote) to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.补全句子③You will never gain success unless you are_fully_devoted_to your work.除非你完全专注于你的工作，不然你永远不会获得成功。
用devote的相关短语完成小片段Li Lei is ④my_devoted_friend (我忠实的朋友). Since graduation, he ⑤has_been_devoted_to/has_devoted_himself_to (致力于) improving the education of the local people. In addition to teaching, he ⑥has_devoted_a_lot_of_time_to_raising_money (已把大量时间用于筹集资金) to build more schools. ⑦His_devotion_to (他对……的奉献) this work moves the people deeply.以下短语中to是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时应用动名词形式①look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事②object to doing sth. 反对做某事③get down to doing sth. 开始做某事④pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事⑤be/get used/accustomed to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 2．vote vt.& vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决[经典例句] After the Brexit vote, a lot of discussions have arisen in European Union.在英国脱欧公投后，欧盟中掀起了很多争论。
vote for 投票支持vote against 投票反对vote on 投票表决[题点全练] 单句语法填空①He was grateful to those supporters who voted for him.②Whether you vote for or against the plan doesn't seem to matter very much.③As we can't agree on this matter, let's vote on it.3．equal adj.相等的；平等的；同等的；胜任的vt.等于；抵得上n.同等的人；相等物[教材原句] But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是我很乐意帮忙因为我知道那将帮助我们实现使黑人和白人平等的梦想1)be equal to sth./doing sth. 等于/胜任(做)某事without equal 无与伦比equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物(2)equality n. 平等；相等equally adv. 相等地；公平地；同样地[多角练透]单句语法填空①Any man will be equal to the task, so long as he is careful. You should give it a try.②It's said that nobody can equal him in intelligence.③Men and women must be treated equally (equal) in education and employment.单句写作④其次，要积极向上和开心，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。
2014·江西高考书面表达) For another, be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is_equal_to_your _physical_health.[联想发散] 表示“胜任……”的其他常见表达：①be up to ②be fit for ③be qualified for4．escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露；被遗忘n.逃脱[教材原句] It was a prison from which no one escaped.那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱1)escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事escape from 从……逃脱；逃避(2)a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生[多角练透]单句语法填空①He escaped being_killed (kill) in the explosion because he had not gone to work.②Seeing the poisonous gas escaping from the broken pipe, he sounded the alarm.写出加黑单词在语境中的含义③Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.被遗忘5．reward n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏[经典例句] Make the extra effort to impress the buyer and you will be rewarded with a quicker sale.多用心去打动顾客，货物就会更快售出。
1)as a reward (for ...) 作为(对……的)报酬/奖赏in reward for 为酬谢……；作为……的奖励(2)reward sb. with ... for sth. 为某事而用……酬谢某人(3)rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的；有意义的[多角练透]单句语法填空①We gave him a gift as a reward for his kindness.②He received a medal in reward for his bravery.③They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers when the match ended.单句写作④你提到你教我英语作为回报，这恰恰正是我想要的2015·四川高考书面表达)You mentioned that you_could_teach_me_English_as_a_reward,_which is exactly what I want.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Under our teacher's careful guidance (guide), we finished our homework in advance.2．The man should be condemned for his cruelty (cruel) to his wife.3．It does serious harm to children's character that too much violence (violent) is shown on television.4．He was_attacked (attack) by a dog when he was walking along the street.5．This position is equally (equal) suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.6．Although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape being_fired (fire) by his boss.7. With the speeches finished, we voted to_choose (choose) the monitor.8．People in all countries want a peaceful (peace) world rather than one filled with wars.9．Though he has met with many difficulties over the past two years, he is still hopeful (hope)．10．High school education (educate) is very important for students, because it can help them to choose their future.Ⅱ.单句改错1．He often lent me a hand when I was in trouble, to which I was grateful.to→for2．Hopeful, I'll be able to stay at home for three weeks this time.Hopeful→Hopefully3．Nowadays many school children devote too much time to play puter games.play→playing4．Founding in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.Founding→Founded5．To our delight, over 60% of the members voted the plan which was beneficial to air quality.voted后加forⅢ.一句多译/句型转换1．我送给他一本从上海买的书来答谢他的帮助。
①I gave him a book bought from Shanghai in_reward_for_his_help. (reward n．)②As_a_reward_for_his_help,_I gave him a book which was bought from Shanghai. (reward n．)③I_rewarded_him_with_a_book which I bought from Shanghai for his help. (reward v．)2．He devoted himself to munity activities and was praised by the people around.①Devoting_himself_to_munity_activities,_he was praised by the people around. (devote vt.)②Devoted_to_munity_activities,_he was praised by the people around. (devoted adj.)二、过短语、句式——1．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中[高考佳句] As is known to us all, if we are in trouble, it is not our phones but our friends that can really help us out.(2014·重庆高考写作)众所周知，如果我们有困难，是朋友而不是手机可以真正地帮助我们摆脱困境。
ask for trouble 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦have trouble in doing sth./with sth. 做某事有困难/麻烦take the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事或困难尽力做某事[多角练透]单句语法填空①If you are in trouble, Mike is always willing to lend a hand.②Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us patiently.③You can't imagine the trouble I had persuading (persuade) him to change his mind.④Thanks for the trouble you have taken to_help (help) us.补全句子⑤What worries me a lot is that I am_really_having_trouble_in_collecting_information _and_using_language.让我十分担心的是我在收集信息和使用语言方面确实有困难。
2．turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；致力于；开始从事；查阅[教材原句] Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？[一词多义] 写出下列句中turn to的含义①He is ready to help others, seldom, if ever, refusing them when they turn to him.求助于②After he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism.开始从事③You shouldn't always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.查阅④Please turn to Page 40.翻到[归纳拓展]turn down 关小；拒绝turn away 拒绝……入内；把……打发走turn up 出现；露面；调大turn out 证明是；结果是；赶走；生产turn over 打翻；翻身；移交⑤Some promises were unavoidable, but the video turned_out perfect.(2017·北京高考书面表达)一些妥协是不可避免的，但视频证明是极好的。
3．lose heart丧失勇气或信心；灰心；泄气[教材原句] The scientist from whom we heard the good news never lost heart when he was in trouble. 我们从其口中获得好消息的科学家遇到困难时从不灰心 [归纳拓展]①put one's heart into 一心扑在……上②learn sth. by heart 背诵；记牢……③strike ... into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心④heart and soul 全心全意地⑤from the bottom of one's heart 从某人的心底[应用领悟]①Though beaten by the opposite team, they didn't lose heart.虽然被对方球队击败，但他们没有丧失信心②As little boys and girls have a very good memory, they can learn a lot of English words by heart.由于小男孩和小女孩的记忆力非常好，他们能记住很多英语单词。
③There is an old saying goes like this, “Nothing is too hard if you put your heart into it.”有句老话是这样说的，“世上无难事，只怕有心人”4. 拟人修辞手法The_last_thirty_years_have_seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段 (1)see意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹，发生，经历”了某事2)与see用法相同的动词有find, witness, say, experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象①The_year_1949_saw_the_founding of the People's Republic of China.1949年见证了中华人民共和国的建立。
②The two stone lions standing in front of Tian'anmen saw/witnessed_many_great_historic _events.天安门前的这两只石狮目睹了许多重大的历史事件5．“only＋状语”置于句首的倒装句式... only_then_did_we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装①Only by understanding and learning from each other can_we_spend those days together happily. (2014·天津高考书面表达)只有通过相互理解彼此学习我们才能一起开心地度过那些美好的日子②There's no denying that only if we deal with and overe large numbers of difficulties in a correct way will_we_achieve_our_dreams. (2015·湖南高考写作)不可否认，只有我们以正确的方式处理和克服大量的困难我们才会实现我们的梦想。
[名师指津] (1)“only＋从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装2)only 放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装③Only a few of the children haven't yet got a chance of being educated.仍有少数儿童未得到受教育的机会6．the first time引导时间状语从句I felt bad the_first_time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好有类似用法的词语还有：(1)each/every time 每次……的时候next time 下次……时the last time 上次……时 一……就……①The_first_time_he_met_the_girl he was struck by her wisdom and fell in love with her.他第一次遇到这个女孩就被她的睿智所打动并爱上了她②Every/Each_time_I_see_the_old_man in the park, he is absorbed in reading newspapers.每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报。
[名师指津] the first time 表示“第一次”，在句中可作宾语、表语，还可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句for the first time 表示“第一次”，独立作状语，不引导从句③He became interested in the young teacher's lesson the_first_time he attended his class.He was so excited in class for_the_first_time.他第一次上课时就对这位年轻老师的课感兴趣他第一次上课这么兴奋Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．You can't imagine the trouble I had helping (help) him out.2．In time we reached a stage where we had more young readers than old ones.3．After many failures, he finally set up his own pany.4．Nobody seems to understand. I don't know who to turn to.5．The thief was_sentenced (sentence) to five months in prison because he stole things in a shop when he was out of work.Ⅱ.单句改错1．It was in the year 2015 that he came power as the governor of this province.came后加to2．The boy lost his heart when he knew he failed the exam again.去掉his3．I fell in love with the city for the first time I visited it.去掉for4．The boss in which pany Mr King worked heard about the accident.which→whose5．He pretends to understand, but as matter of fact he doesn't.as后加aⅢ.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子1．这是一个没有收音机、没有电话，也没有电视的时期。
This is a time when)This_was_a_time_when_there_were_no_radios,_no telephones or no TV sets.2．只有在那时我才意识到与所有的朋友脱离关系，从不与他们联系是多么傻only引起的倒装句)Only_then_did_I_realize_that it was foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them. 3．我第一次在会议厅演讲时非常紧张the first time)I was very nervous the_first_time_I_gave_a_speech_in_the_meeting_hall. 4．当他的亲戚朋友向他求助时，他总是乐于帮助他们turn to, be willing to do sth.)When his relatives and friends_turn_to_him_for_help,_he is_always_willing_to give them a hand.5．这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。
see)The_old_temple_has_seen_great_changes_of_the_village in the past two hundred years.Ⅳ.句型转换1．I realized knowledge is valuable only when I had another failure in my jobseeking.①Only when I had another failure in my jobseeking did_I_realize knowledge is valuable.②It_was_only_when_I_had_another_failure_in_my_jobseeking_that I realized knowledge is valuable.(强调句型)2．The government came to power two years ago.→The government has_been_in_power for two years.三、过语法、写作——(一)单元小语法——定语从句(Ⅱ)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The reason for which she changed her mind is quite clear.2．The days when they travelled together meant a lot to him.3．I saw a house, the windows of which were broken.4．She has two sons, both of whom graduated from Harvard University.5．Nobody knows the reason for which she didn't attend the meeting.6．We went through a period when munications were very difficult in the rural areas.7．The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were worn out.8．We visited the car factory where my uncle once worked three years ago.9．This is the factory that/which I visited last year.10．The old man has two sons, and both of them are doctors.Ⅱ.用定语从句补全下列句子1．他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
The reason why_he_could_not_go_there was that he was ill in bed.2．我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代We are living in an age when_many_things_are_done on puter.3．毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上After graduation he returned to the small town where/in_which_he_grew_up.4．我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式I don't like the way that/in_which_you_speak_to_your_parents.5．那间在大火中被毁坏的屋子已经被重新修好了The house which_was_destroyed_in_the_terrible_fire has been repaired.(二)课堂微写作练扩写——让意蕴更丰满[题目要求]今天是国际妇女节英语课上老师要求你用英文介绍一名对你有深刻影响的女性要点如下：1．她对你的影响；2．你想对她说的话请把下面短文扩写成100词左右的文章。
Today is International Women's Day. I'd like to introduce to you a woman who has a positive effect on me. The great woman is my mother. She works hard at work and takes good care of my father and me in life. Here, I really want to say something to my dear mother. I've grown up and I'm able to share what happens in life with her. Best wishes to my mom and all of you!Thank you![答案示例]Today_is_International_Women's_Day._I'd_like_to_introduce_to_you_a_woman_who_has_a_positive_effect_on_me._The_great_woman_is_my_mother._Since_my_childhood,_she_has_been_teaching_me_what_life。
