2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷6（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Science suggests that the greater part of an optimistic outlook can be （  ）with the right instruction.问题1选项A.acquiredB.imposedC.tracedD.fabricated【答案】A【解析】考察动词辨析acquired获得； imposed强加；traced追踪；fabricated伪造句意：科学表明乐观的前景大都可以通过正确的教导获得选项A符合句意2. 单选题Packed like sardines into sweaty, claustrophobic subway carriages, passengers can barely breathe, ________ move about freely.问题1选项A.as well asB.disregard forC.let aloneD.not mentioning【答案】C【解析】考查逻辑关系as well as“也”；disregard for“忽视”；let alone“更不必说，听任”；not mentioning“没有提及”。

句意：乘客们像沙丁鱼一样挤在充满汗臭、幽闭恐怖的地铁车厢里，几乎无法呼吸，更无法自由活动因此C选项符合题意    3. 单选题Right in the middle of the mayor's speech that brought forth various reasons for the recent sharp rise in prices, an angry voice was heard in the crowd, “the government（  ）hanged!”问题1选项A.isB.wasC.beD.were【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气句意：在市长的演讲期间，他提出了价格最近急剧上涨的原因人群中传来愤怒的声音：“政府应该被绞死”此处考查的是省略了should的虚拟语气, 因此后面要用be，选项C符合题意4. 翻译题首先，额外的学习对孩子的身体发育是不利的教育专家指出，孩子在枯燥的教室里待了一整天之后，参加一些体育活动，而不是额外的学习，是非常重要的孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期，缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们的生活造成严重的影响第二，从心理上讲，大部分孩子似乎对额外学习没有什么好感。

当别的孩子玩耍的时候，很难想象一个学生能把精力集中在课本上而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流, 很难培养他们的交际能力他们可能变得孤僻，甚至产生某些心理疾病通过以上讨论我们可以得出结论：尽管额外的学习的确有很多优点, 但它的缺点不可忽视，远大于它的优点因此，放学后强迫孩子学习是不明智的任何家长都应非常重视孩子在学习和玩耍这两方面的平衡，正如那句老话：只学习，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻答案】First, additional learning is detrimental to children’s physical development. Educational experts point out that taking some sport activities instead of extra study is very important for children after spending the whole day in a boring classroom. Children are undergoing rapid physical development and lacking physical exercise might severely affect their future life. Second, psychologically speaking, the majority of children do not seem to like extra study. When other children are playing, it is hard to imagine a student can be absorbed in his textbook. Furthermore, children do not have much time to play and communicate with their peers because of the extra learning. It is therefore difficult to develop their interpersonal abilities. They may become withdrawn, and even suffer certain mental illness. Therefore, from what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that, although extra study indeed has many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldn’t be ignored and far out-weigh its advantages. It is therefore absurd to force children to take extra study after school. Any parents should make sure their children keep a balance between play and study, as the old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.5. 单选题I’d rather you （ ） me a new one instead of having mine repaired as you did.问题1选项A.had givenB.have givenC.gaveD.giving【答案】A【解析】虚拟语气语法知识考查。

对过去事情的虚拟用had done选项A符合题意6. 单选题Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.问题1选项A.She called on the man.B.She went to the bank.C.She made a business plan.D.She paid her mortgage.问题2选项A.She didn’t pay her mortgage in time.B.She had apparently asked for too much.C.Her credit history was considered poor.D.Her previous debt hadn’t been cleared yet.问题3选项A.Start her own business.B.Buy a piece of property.C.Pay a debt long overdue.D.Check her credit history.问题4选项A.Build up her own finances step by step.B.Revise her business proposal carefully.C.Ask for smaller loans from different lenders.D.Seek advice from an expert about fundraising.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C【解析】Conversation TwoM: [5] How did it go at the bank this morning?W: Not well, my proposal was rejected.M: Really, but why?W: Bunch of reasons. For starters, [6] they said my credit history was not good enough.M: Do they say how you could improve that?W: Yes, they said that after five more years of paying my mortgage, then I will become a more viable candidate for a business loan. But right now, it’s too risky for them to lend me money. They fear I will default on any business loan I’m given.M: Well, that doesn’t sound fair. Your business idea is amazing. Did you show them your business plan?What did they say?W: They didn’t really articulate any position regarding the actual business plan. They simply looked at my credit history and determined it was not good enough. They said the bank has strict guidelines and requirements as to who they can lend money to. And I simply don’t meet their financial threshold.M: What if you ask for a smaller amount? [8] Maybe you could gather capital from other sources, smaller loans from more lenders?W: You don’t get it. It doesn’t matter the size of the loan I ask for or the type of business I propose. That’s all inconsequential. The first thing every bank will do is studying how much money I have and how much debt I have before they decide whether or not to lend me any more money. [7] If I want to continue ahead with this dream of owning my own business, I have no other choice but to build up my own finances. I need around 20% more in personal savings and 50% less debt. That’s all there is to it.M: I see now. Well, it’s a huge pity that they rejected your request, but don’t lose hope. I still think that your idea is great and that you will turn it into a phenomenal success.5. What did the woman do this morning?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问女士今天早上做了什么？对话开头， 男士就问今天早上去银行怎么样，女士回答说不太好，由此可知，B选项“她去了银行”正确。

A选项“她拜访了男士”在录音中未提及；C选项“她制定了一个商业计划”，利用录音中的business plan设干扰，录音确实提到女士做了商业计划，但未明确商业计划是何时做的，因此C选项不正确；D选项“她付清按揭贷款”，录音中有提到paying my mortgage，但说的是女士还了5年的按揭贷款后，就更有可能申请商业贷款，这只是银行给的建议，并不是女士今天早上做的事情，因此D选项不正确6. Why was the woman’s proposal rejected?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问为什么女士的提议被拒绝了？女士提到提议被拒绝的原因首先是银行说她的信用记录不够好，因此C选项“她的信用记录被认为很差”正确A选项“她没有及时偿还按揭贷款”在录音中没有提及；B选项“她显然要求太多了”，录音中提到与女士要求的贷款规模或提议的业务类型无关，这都是无关紧要的，由此可知，B选项不正确；D选项“她以前的债务还没还清”，录音中说到女士需要多20%的个人储蓄，少50%的债务，也就是说她被拒绝的原因不仅仅是债务未还清，因此D选项不选7. What is the woman planning to do?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问女士打算做什么？女士提到如果她想实现“拥有自己的公司”这个梦想，别无选择，只能增强自己的财力。

由此可知女士是打算“自己开公司”，因此A选项正确B选项“买一处房产”中的a piece of property和C选项“支付拖欠已久的债务”中的long overdue在录音中均未提及；D选项“检查她的信用记录”也没有信息表明，因此不正确8. What does the man suggest the woman do?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问男士建议女士做什么？录音中男士建议女士或许可以从其他渠道筹集资金，从更多的贷款人那里获得多笔小额贷款，C选项“向不同的贷款人申请小额贷款”与录音表述一致，因此正确A选项“逐步增强她自己的财力”利用录音中的build up my own finances作干扰，这是女士自己的打算，并不是男士的建议；B选项“仔细修改她的商业计划书”和D选项“向专家寻求关于筹款的建议”在录音中均未提及7. 单选题Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.All respondents were afraid of making a high expense claim.B.A number of respondents gave an average answer of 400 miles.C.Over 10% of the respondents lied about the distance they drove.D.Most of the respondents got compensated for driving 384 miles.问题2选项A.They responded to colleagues’ suspicion.B.They cared about other people’s claims.C.They wanted to protect their reputation.D.They endeavored to actually be honest.问题3选项A.They seem positive.B.They are intuitive.C.They are illustrative.D.They are conclusive.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B【解析】Recording TwoNow, believe it or not. People sometimes lie in order to maintain a good, honest reputation—even if it hurts them to do so. At least, this is what a team of scientists is suggesting, with evidence to prove it.Picture this scenario: You often drive for work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month. Most people at your company drive about 300 miles each month. But this month, you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think you’d claim in your expense report?The scientists asked this exact question as part of the study we’re discussing today. With surprising results, [19] they found that 12% of respondents reported the distance they drove as less than the actual figure, giving an average answer of 384 miles. In other words, they lied about their number of miles, even though they would forfeit money they were owed.The researchers believe this was to seem honest, with the assumption being that others would be suspicious of a high expense claim. But why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment? The researchers explained that many people care a great deal about their reputation and how they’ll be judged by others. If they care enough, they concerned about appearing honest and not losing their respect of others, maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest.The researchers assert that they find a new suggest that when people obtain very favorable outcomes, they anticipate other people’s suspicious reactions and prefer lying and appearing honest to telling the truth and appearing as selfish liars.So why is this research important? Well, experts generally agreed there are two main types of lie, selfish liars and liars that are meant to benefit others. The first, as you may predict, is for selfish gain, such as submitting a fraudulent claim to an insurance company; while the second involves lying to help others or not offend others, for example, telling a friend whose outfit you don’t like that they look great.But the researchers are suggesting a third type of lying: [20] lying to maintain a good reputation. Now this hypothesis is new and some skeptics argue that this isn’t a whole new category of lie. [21] But the findings seem intuitive to me. After all, one of the main motivations for lying is to increase our worth in the eyes of others, so it seems highly likely that people will lie to seem honest.19. What did the team of scientist find in their study?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问科学家团队在他们的研究中发现了什么？录音中提到，他们（科学家们）发现12%的受访者报告的行驶距离比实际数字要少，给出的平均答案是384英里。

换句话说，他们（受访者）在里程数上撒了谎C选项“超过10%的受访者在开车的距离上撒了谎”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确A选项“所有的受访者都害怕提出高额的费用报销”表述过于绝对，录音中说的是12%的受访者，因此A选项不正确；B选项“许多受访者给出的平均答案是400英里”表述不准确，这里只是12%的受访者，并不是很多受访者给出的答案；D选项“大多数受访者因驾驶384英里而获得赔偿”在文中没有提及，因此排除20. Why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment according to the researchers?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问根据研究人员的说法，为什么人们会捏造对自己不利的行车里数？录音中提到研究人员解释说，很多人非常在意自己的声誉，以及别人会如何评价自己因此C选项“他们想要保护自己的声誉”正确A选项“他们对同事的怀疑作出回应”和B选项“他们关心别人的要求”利用录音中的关键词进行干扰，实际与原文表述不符；D选项“他们努力做到真正的诚实”与录音中为了声誉撒谎的意思恰好相反，因此不正确21. What does the speaker think of the researchers’ findings?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问说话者对研究人员的发现有什么看法？说话者说这些发现似乎很直观 （seem intuitive），B选项“它们看起来很直观”与原文表述一致，因此正确。

A选项“它们看起来是积极的”；C选项“它们是说明性的”和D选项“它们是结论性的”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除8. 单选题Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.It is not easily breakable.B.It represents the latest style.C.It came from a 3D printer.D.It was made by a fashion designer.问题2选项A.When she attended a fashion show nine months ago.B.When she was studying at a fashion design school.C.When she had just graduated from her college.D.When she attended a conference in New York.问题3选项A.It was hard and breakable.B.It was extremely expensive.C.It was difficult to print.D.It was hard to come by.问题4选项A.It is the latest model of a 3D printer.B.It is a plastic widely used in 3D printing.C.It marks a breakthrough in printing material.D.It gives fashion designers room for imagination.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C【解析】Recording TwoIn the past few months, I’ve been travelling for weeks at a time with only one suitcase of clothes. One day, I was invited to an important event, and I wanted to wear something special for it. I looked through my suitcase but couldn’t find anything to wear. I was lucky to be at the technology conference then, and I had access to 3D printers. So I quickly designed a skirt on my computer, and I loaded the file on the printer. It just printed the pieces overnight. [19] The next morning, I just took all the pieces, assembled them together in my hotel room, and this is actually the skirt that I’m wearing right now.[20] So it wasn’t the first time that I printed clothes. For my senior collection at fashion design school, I decided to try and 3D print an entire fashion collection from my home. The problem was that I barely knew anything about 3D printing, and I had only nine months to figure out how to print five fashionable looks.I always felt most creative when I worked from home. I love experimenting with new materials, and I always tried to develop new techniques to make the most unique textiles for my fashion projects.One summer break, I came here to New York for an internship at a fashion house in Chinatown. We worked on two incredible dresses that were 3D printed. They were amazing—like you can see here. But I had a few problems with them. [21] They were made from hard plastics and that’s why they were very breakable. The models couldn’t sit in them, and they even got scratched from the plastics under their arms.So now, the main challenge was to find the right material for printing clothes with, I mean the material you feed the printer with. [22] The breakthrough came when I was introduced to Filaflex, which is a new kind of printing material. It’s strong, yet very flexible. And with it, I was able to print the first garment, a red jacket that had the word “freedom” embedded into it. And actually, you can easily download this jacket, and change the word to something else. For example, your name or your sweetheart’s name.So I think in the future, materials will evolve, and they will look and feel like fabrics we know today, like cotton or silk.19. What does the speaker say about the skirt she is wearing now?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于她现在穿的裙子，说话者说了什么? 录音开头部分，说话者说到她在电脑上设计了一条裙子，并在打印机上加载了这个文件。

第二天，她把所有的碎片组装在一起，就成了她现在穿的那条裙子因此，C选项“它来自3D打印机”正确A选项“它不容易破碎”，录音中虽然有提到breakable这个单词，但不是指说话者现在穿的裙子，而是她以前设计的裙子，因此A选项排除；B选项“它代表现在最新的款式”在录音中没有提及；D选项“这条裙子是由某位时尚设计师制造的”，实际上这条裙子是说话者自己设计制造的，因此D项不正确20. When did the speaker start experimenting with 3D printing?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问说话者什么时候开始尝试3D打印？说话者在介绍完她现在所穿裙子的来历之后，接着说到这并不是她第一次使用3D打印机打印衣服为了完成在时尚设计学校的时装设计毕业作品，她曾尝试把家里全部的时装作品系列用3D打印机打印出来因此B选项“在她就读时尚设计学校的时候”正确A选项“九个月前她参加时装秀时”和D选项“她在纽约参加会议的时候”，均是利用录音个别字词拼凑而成，不是录音表达的内容，因此均排除；C选项“在她刚从大学毕业时”在录音中未提及21. What was the problem with the material the speaker worked on at a New York fashion house?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问说话者在纽约时装公司设计的材料有什么问题？说话者提到自己曾经在暑假来到纽约唐人街的一家时装店里实习，设计了两件很棒的礼服。

不过她发现有一些问题：这些由硬塑料构造的礼服非常易碎且穿着起来十分不舒服、不方便因此，A选项“它坚硬而且易碎”符合原文表述B选项“它非常昂贵”；C选项“它很难打印出来”和D选项“它很难得到”录音中均没有提及，因此可排除22. What does the speaker say about Filaflex?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于Filaflex，说话者说了什么？说话者认为现在主要的挑战是如何找到打印衣服的合适材料她认为这个问题的突破点是有人向她介绍了一种新型打印材料FilaflexC选项“它标志着打印材料的突破”与原文表述一致，因此正确A选项“它是3D打印机的最新型号”和D选项“它留给时装设计师想象的空间”在录音中均没有信息没有提及，因此可排除；B选项“它是一种广泛应用于3D打印的塑料”，虽然Filaflex是一种用于3D打印的新材料，但录音中并未提及它是否也属于塑料、是否已广为应用，因此B选项也可以排除9. 单选题His originality as a composer is（ ）by the following group of songs.问题1选项A.exemplifiedB.createdC.performedD.realized【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组固定搭配。

Be exemplified by是固定搭配，意思是“这一点也证明……”，选项A符合题意句意：作为一名作曲家，以下的作曲集可以证明他（的实力）10. 单选题（Presumably），there is a good reason for her absence, as she does not usually stay away from work.问题1选项A.MaybeB.SurprisinglyC.ThereforeD.Yet【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析A选项Maybe“可能”；B选项Surprisingly“出乎意料地”；C选项Therefore“因此”；D选项Yet“但是”句意：她缺席大概有充分的理由，因为她通常不会不上班的划线部分Presumably是大概的意思因此A选项正确11. 单选题A gust of wind blew open the windows and （  ）the papers all over the floor.问题1选项A.scatteredB.spitC.splitD.spread【答案】A【解析】考察动词辨析scatter “使散开，使分散”；spit “吐痰”；split “分裂”；spread “扩散”。

句意：一阵风吹开了窗户，纸张散落了一地选项A符合句意12. 单选题Parents often faced the（ ）between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.问题1选项A.paradoxB.junctionC.premiseD.dilemma【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析paradox “似是而非的论点”；junction “连接”；premise “前提，假设”；dilemma “进退两难”题干中提及家长在面对孩子教育上有两种选择，让他们难以抉择，陷入两难选项D符合题意13. 单选题Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.A tall chimney.B.A huge piece of rock.C.The peak of a mountain.D.The stump of a giant tree.问题2选项A.Human activity.B.Chemical processes.C.Wind and water.D.Fire and fury.问题3选项A.It was built in ancient times.B.It is a historical monument.C.It was created by supernatural powers.D.It is Indians’ sacred place for worship.问题4选项A.By killing the attacking bears.B.By sheltering them in a cave.C.By lifting them well above the ground.D.By taking them to the top of a mountain.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C【解析】Passage One[9] Devil’s Tower, the first national monument in America, could almost be mistaken for the stump of an enormous tree. Its sheer rock sides sweep up from a broad base until they cut off abruptly at the flat summit. Rising more than 1,000 feet in the middle of the gently rolling plains of Wyoming, the massive column of rock, looks as though it was dropped down into this location from a different time and place.In a sense, it was. Devil’s Tower is a relic of the past when the melted rock of the earth’s core forced its way to the surface to form the throat of a volcano. As the centuries passed, the rock cooled and hardened, shrinking and cracking into long columns, born in fire and fury. [10] Devil’s Tower was then shaped by the slow, gentle work of wind and water. The outer layers of the volcano were worn away until the hard core stood completely exposed.[11] Small wonder that an Indian legend described Devil’s Tower as being formed by supernatural powers. The legend says that when seven girls were attacked by bears, they took refuge on top of a small rock, and they appealed to the Rock God for help. [12] The God caused the rock to grow and to lift the girls far above the ground, while its sides were scored by the claws of the angry bears. Even today, says the legend, the girls can be seen above the towering rock as seven shining stars in the night sky.9. What does Devil’s Tower look like?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问恶魔塔看上去像什么？录音首句就指出，恶魔塔为美国的第一个国家纪念碑。

因其独特的外形，差点被人们误认为是一棵巨大无比的树桩因此D选项“巨大的树桩”正确A选项“一个高大的烟囱”和C选项“一座山的顶峰”在录音中没有提及；B选项“一块巨大的岩石”，录音有提及恶魔塔实质上是由巨大的岩石构成，但题目问的是恶魔塔看上去像什么，因此B选项不符合题干10. What caused the volcano’s outer layer to wear away?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问是什么导致了火山表面的侵蚀？录音中有提到恶魔塔是如何形成的它是由岩石冷却、变硬、收缩和断裂而最终形成的在此漫长过程中，恶魔塔受到风化水蚀火山表面被侵蚀掉，坚硬的中心岩石完全暴露出来因此，C选项正确A选项“人类活动”和B选项“化学过程”在录音中均没有提及；D选项“火的燃烧与灼热”，录音中提到此信息是描述恶魔塔所产生的环境，并不是其外层被侵蚀掉的原因，因此D选项不正确11. What does an Indian legend say about Devil’s Tower?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于恶魔塔的印第安传说是怎样的？录音提到，印第安传说中说魔鬼塔是由超自然力量形成的C选项“它是由超自然力量创造的”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。

A选项“它是在远古时代建造的”和D选项“它是印第安人敬奉的圣地”在录音中没有信息提及；B选项“它是一个历史纪念碑”，录音中虽有提及恶魔塔是一座国家纪念碑（national monument），但不等同于历史纪念碑（historical monument），而且这与题目问的印第安传说没有相关性，因此可排除B选项12. How did the Rock God help the seven girls in the Indian legend?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问“石神”是如何帮助印第安传说中的七个女孩的？录音最后详细讲述了这个关于恶魔塔的印第安传说：七个印第安女孩遇到熊的攻击女孩们无处可逃，爬上了小岩石的顶部，向“石神”求助石神”让岩石往上“长”起来，熊只能用爪子在岩 石上抓出一道道的深痕因此，C选项“从地面上把她们抬升起来”符合原文表述A选项“杀死攻击人的熊”；B选项“在山洞里掩护她们”和D选项“将她们带到山顶”在录音中均没有提及 14. 单选题Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.问题1选项A.They were proud of their cuisine.B.They were particular about food.C.They were all good at cooking.D.They were fond of bacon and eggs.问题2选项A.His parents.B.His parents’ friends.C.His friends.D.His schoolmates.问题3选项A.No one of the group ate it.B.It was a little overcooked.C.No tea was served with the meal.D.It was the real English breakfast.问题4选项A.It was full of excitement.B.It was rather disappointing.C.It was a risky experience.D.It was really extraordinary.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B【解析】Conversation OneM: Guess what? The worst food I ever had was in France.W: Really? That’s odd. [1] I thought the French wer。