2022-2023年考博英语-东北财经大学模拟考试题(含答案解析)第3期
2022-2023年考博英语-东北财经大学模拟考试题(含答案解析)1. 单选题They decided to ____ their differences in pursuit of a common goal.问题1选项A.submitB.surrenderC.substituteD.submerge【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. submit 屈从 B. surrender 投降C. substitute 替代 D. submerge 湮灭【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接与动词辨析【解题思路】空格处所在部分语义为“____他们的差异”,由此可知,该动词为及物动词,直接带宾语“他们的差异”;根据后文“为了追求一个共同的目标”可知,他们应该是放弃了、搁置了或消除了差异,以追求共同的目标综上所述,D选项submerge“湮灭”最符合题意,submerge their differences“消除他们的差异”干扰项排除】A选项submit“屈从”,常搭配介词to,原句中没有介词,侧重于指向……屈服,不得已接受;B选项surrender“投降”,常搭配介词to,原句中没有介词,侧重于指投降或被迫放弃;C选项substitute“替代”,不符合原句语义衔接。
句意】他们决定消除分歧以追求一个共同的目标2. 单选题The author of the report is well ____ with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.问题1选项A.informedB.acquaintedC.enlightenedD.acknowledged【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. informed (~ of/about sth)通知;了解 B. acquainted (~ sb with)熟悉;了解C. enlightened 启发;阐明 D. acknowledged 承认;感谢【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析【解题思路】空格处所填词的主语为“报告的作者”,后接的介词为with,宾语为“医院里的问题”,根据后文“他已经在那里工作多年了”可知,该作者应该是对医院的问题很熟悉、很了解,B选项acquainted“熟悉;了解”符合要求干扰项排除】A选项informed“通知;了解”,与原文介词搭配不当;C选项enlightened“启发;阐明”,不符合原文语义衔接;D选项acknowledged“承认;感谢”,不符合原文语义衔接。
句意】该报告的作者对医院里的问题很熟悉,因为他已经在那里工作多年了3. 写作题A saying goes “The past is the guide for the future.” To what extent do you agree with the saying? You may base your judgments either on your own life or work experiences, or on social developments. Write an essay of about 400 words.Requirements: In the first part of your writing you should state clearly your main idea, and in the second part you should support the main idea with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.【答案】【略】4. 单选题Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the company, but there is a third major(1)to consider the role of government.Government has a powerful(2)on the economy in at least four ways:Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system(3)the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely the construction and(4)of most highways the responsibility of the individual states, and the public educational systems,(5)a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily(6)for by county or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation (7)are also the responsibility of local government.Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private(8)in many ways, for the(9)of assuring that business serves the best(10)of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a(11), such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable(12), but limits their ability to raise prices(13), since the public depends on their services. Often control is(14)to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of(15)in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control.Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board, attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by(16) tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also(17)economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself.Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to business and individuals. For example, tariffs(18)certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to(19)better with certain foreign goods. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making(20)to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social welfare system.问题1选项A.economyB.equipmentC.evolutionD.element问题2选项A.elevationB.emotionC.effectD.influence问题3选项A.spreadingB.servingC.savingD.surviving问题4选项A.resemblanceB.dependenceC.consonanceD.maintenance问题5选项A.forB.despiteC.asD.with问题6选项A.bracketingB.bracketedC.paidD.paying问题7选项A.servicesB.budgetsC.functionsD.sections问题8选项A.affairsB.materialsC.propertyD.enterprises问题9选项A.assertionB.purposeC.suppositionD.assumption问题10选项A.profitsB.interestsC.benefitsD.welfare问题11选项A.monopolyB.controlC.leaderD.principal问题12选项A.proximityB.prospectC.progressD.profit问题13选项A.fairlyB.unfairlyC.justD.unjust问题14选项A.exercisedB.practicedC.experiencedD.promoted问题15选项A.qualityB.quantityC.fragmentD.segment问题16选项A.applaudingB.assessingC.ascendingD.adjusting问题17选项A.accommodateB.adhereC.affectD.account问题18选项A.allow forB.requireC.permitD.make问题19选项A.compensateB.confrontC.completeD.compete问题20选项A.helpB.grantsC.supportD.assistance【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B第6题:C第7题:A第8题:D第9题:B第10题:B第11题:A第12题:D第13题:B第14题:A第15题:A第16题:D第17题:C第18题:C第19题:D第20题:B【解析】第1题:【选项释义】A. economy 经济 B. equipment 装备C. evolution 进化 D. element 因素【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所在部分的语义为“第三个要考虑的主要____是政府的作用”,前文提到“消费者和生产者做出的决定塑造了公司”,其中“消费者的决定”和“生产者的决定”是塑造公司的两个因素,因此,D选项element“因素”最符合原文语义衔接。
政府的作用是第三个需要考虑的因素干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原文语义衔接句意】显然,消费者和生产者做出的决定塑造了公司,但还有第三个主要因素需要考虑,即政府的作用第2题:【选项释义】A. elevation 提升;海拔 B. emotion 情绪C. effect 影响 D. influence 影响【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接与名词辨析【解题思路】本题所在句语义为“政府对经济的强大____至少体现在四个方面”,前文提到“需要考虑政府的作用”,因此,本句讲的是“政府对经济的作用或影响”,C选项effect“影响”最符合原文语义衔接Effect“影响”,侧重于指事物的变化产生的结果、效果等,一般是短期的、直接的干扰项排除】A选项elevation“提升;海拔”,不符合原文语义衔接;B选项emotion“情绪”,不符合原文语义衔接;D选项influence“影响”,侧重于指潜移默化的、长期的、深刻的影响,对被影响者产生一时难以改变的结果,如父母对孩子的影响政府对经济的影响应该是直接的,effect更符合语义衔接句意】政府对经济的强大影响至少体现在四个方面第3题:【选项释义】A. spreading 传播;铺开 B. serving 服务C. saving 节省 D. surviving 存活【答案】B【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析【解题思路】空格所在部分语义为“例如,邮政系统是一个为全国____的联邦系统”,前文提到,本段所说的政府的作用是“直接服务(Direct Services)”,此处是指邮政系统是为全国提供服务的联邦系统,B选项serving“服务”最符合原文语义衔接。
干扰项排除】A、C、D选项为serve的形近词,但不符合原文语义衔接句意】邮政系统是一个为全国服务的联邦系统第4题:【选项释义】A. resemblance 相似 B. dependence 依靠C. consonance 协调 D. maintenance 维护【答案】D【考查点】句间逻辑【解题思路】空格部分的语义为“大多数公路的建设和(and)____”空格处所填词与“公路的建设”之间是并列关系,因此,空格处所填词应与“公路建设”是同类词,D选项maintenance“维护”最符合原文语义逻辑,公路的建设和维护并列干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原句语义逻辑句意】大多数高速公路的建设和维护由各州负责第5题:【选项释义】A. for 为了 B. despite 尽管C. as 作为 D. with 和……一起【答案】B【考查点】句间逻辑【解题思路】空格所在部分语义为“____联邦政府扮演的重要的资助角色”,该句主干部分提到“公共教育系统主要是由县或市政府__26__”,“联邦政府的重要作用”与“县或市政府的主要作用”之间存在让步转折关系,B选项despite“尽管”最符合原文语义逻辑,尽管联邦政府也扮演着重要的资助角色,公共教育系统主要还是由县或市政府资助的。
干扰项排除】A选项for“为了”,不符合原文句中逻辑;C选项as“作为”,不符合原文句中逻辑;D选项with“和……一起”,用with的话,显得联邦政府的作用不那么重要,但是原文中a large funding role说明作者也承认联邦政府的重要作用,despite表示的让步转折关系更符合原文句间逻辑句意】尽管联邦政府在公共教育系统中扮演着重要的资助角色,但公共教育系统主要由县或市政府__26__第6题:【选项释义】A. bracketing 用括弧括上;把……等同考虑(动词现在分词) B. bracketed 用括弧括上;把……等同考虑(动词过去分词)C. paid 付款(动词过去分词) D. paying 付款(动词现在分词)【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接与时态【解题思路】本题所在句语义为“尽管联邦政府在公共教育系统中扮演着重要的资助(funding)角色,但公共教育系统主要由县或市政府__26__由前文“资助(funding)”可知,“付款”最符合原文语义衔接Pay for“为……付款”,本句的主语为“公共教育系统”,后文使用了by引出付款方“县或市政府”,因此,此处应该使用被动语态,其基本形式为“be动词+done(动词的过去分词)”,因此C选项paid“付款”符合要求。
干扰项排除】A选项bracketing“用括弧括上;把……等同考虑”,不符合原文语义衔接;B选项bracketed“用括弧括上;把……等同考虑”,不符合原文语义衔接;D选项paying“”付款”,动词形式不正确句意】尽管联邦政府在公共教育系统中扮演着重要的资助角色,但主要还是由县或市政府付款第7题:【选项释义】A. services 服务 B. budgets 财政预算C. functions 功能 D. sections 部分【答案】A【考查点】句间逻辑【解题思路】空格所在句的语义为“警察、消防(Police and fire protection)和公共卫生____(and sanitation __27__)也是地方政府的责任由and可知,“公共卫生____”与前两者“警察、消防”为并列关系,属于同类词,因此,A选项services“服务”,公共卫生服务,最符合原文句间逻辑干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原文语义逻辑句意】警察、消防和公共卫生服务也是地方政府的责任第8题:【选项释义】A. affairs 事件 B. materials 材料C. property 财产 D. enterprises 企业【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所在句的语义为“政府在许多方面规范和控制私人____”。
首先,由原文第一段可知,本文主要讲的是政府的作用对公司的影响;其次,由本段第一句可知,本段主要讲的是“政府对经济的调控”,所以,D选项enterprises“企业”,“政府在许多方面调节和控制私人企业”最符合原文语义衔接另外,本段第三句提到“在私营企业(private enterprise)被授予__31__的领域,如在电话或电力服务领域,监管是必要的”时,使用了private enterprise干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原文语义衔接句意】政府在许多方面规范和控制私人企业第9题:【选项释义】A. assertion 断言 B. purpose 目的C. supposition 推测 D. assumption 假设【答案】B【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】前文提到“政府在许多方面调节和控制私人企业”,后文提到“确保商业服务于全体人民的最佳____”,根据语义,后者应为前者的目的,B选项purpose“目的”符合原文语义衔接,for the purpose of“为了……目的”干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文语义衔接句意】政府在许多方面规范和控制私营企业,以确保商业服务于全体人民的__30__。
第10题:【选项释义】A. profits 利润;好处 B. interests 利益C. benefits 益处 D. welfare 福祉【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析【解题思路】空格处所在部分的语义为“以确保企业服务于全体人民的最大____(the best ____ of the people)”,根据语义推测,此处指的是“为了人民的最大利益”;原文空格后搭配的介词为of,B选项interests“利益”,最符合原文要求,其常用搭配为:in the interests of sth,表示某人或某事的利益时,其后使用的介词是of干扰项排除】A选项profits“利润;好处”,侧重于指金钱上的利润收益,其常用搭配为:~ on sth/~ from sth;profit表示“好处”时,为不可数名词;C选项benefits“益处”,侧重于指某事的优势或益处,the benefits of sth“某事的益处”,表示使某人受益,应该使用介词to,be of benefit to sb或者to one’s benefit;D选项welfare“福祉”,侧重于指健康、舒适、幸福等福祉,而原文指的是经济方面的,不符合原文语义衔接。
句意】政府以多种方式管理和控制私营企业,以确保企业服务于全体人民的最大利益第11题:【选项释义】A. monopoly 垄断企业 B. control 控制C. leader 领导 D. principal 校长【答案】A【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】本题所在句语义为“在私营企业被授予____(is granted a ____)的领域,比如电话或电力服务领域,监管是必要的空格前有冠词a,说明所填名词为可数名词,A选项monopoly“垄断企业”最符合原文语义衔接,在电话或电力服务领域,私营企业被允许拥有垄断地位,是垄断企业干扰项排除】B选项control“控制”,不可数名词,且不符合原文语义衔接;C选项leader“领导”,不符合原文语义衔接;D选项principal“校长”,不符合原文语义衔接句意】在私营企业被授予垄断地位的领域,比如电话或电力服务领域,监管是必要的第12题: 【选项释义】A. proximity 接近,不可数名词 B. prospect 前景C. progress 进步,不可数名词 D. profit 利润,可数名词【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接与固定搭配【解题思路】本题所在句语义为“公共政策允许这些公司产生合理的____(make a reasonable __32__),但是限制了它们__33__提高价格(raise prices)的能力,因为公众依赖它们的服务。
由后文“提高价格(raise prices)”可知,本句讲的是与钱有关的内容,D选项profit“利润,可数名词”最符合原文语义衔接,make a profit为固定搭配,意为“获利;赚钱”干扰项排除】A选项proximity“接近,不可数名词”,与冠词a不搭配,且不符合原文语义衔接;B选项prospect“前景”,不符合原文语义衔接;C选项progress“进步,不可数名词”,与冠词a不搭配,且不符合原文语义衔接句意】公共政策允许这些公司获得合理利润第13题:【选项释义】A. fairly 公正地 adv. B. unfairly 不公平地 adv.C. just 公正的 adj.;正好 adv. D. unjust 不公正的 adj.【答案】B【考查点】语义衔接与近义词辨析【解题思路】本题所在句语义为“公共政策允许这些公司获得合理(reasonable)利润,但是限制了它们____提高价格(raise prices)的能力,因为公众依赖它们的服务首先,空格处所填词修饰的是动词短语“提高价格(raise prices)”,所以应填入一个副词;其次,根据前文“获得合理(reasonable)利润”可知,空格部分表示的是“不公平地提高价格”,因此,B选项unfairly“不公平地 adv.”符合原文要求。
干扰项排除】A选项fairly“公正地 adv.”,不符合原文语义衔接;C选项just“公正的 adj.”,词性不符;作副词时,意为“正好”,语义不符;D选项unjust“不公正的 adj.”,词性不符句意】公共政策允许这些公司获得合理利润,但限制了它们不公平提价的能力,因为公众依赖它们的服务第14题:【选项释义】A. exercised 行使(某种权利) B. practiced 训练C. experienced 经历;感受 D. promoted 推动;提升【答案】A【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格所在部分的语义为“通常____政府的控制(control is __34__)是为了保护公众”,根据后文“例如食品和药物管理局禁止有害药物”可知,此处指的是政府对企业的管控,A选项exercised“行使(某种权利)”最符合原文语义衔接,指的是政府行使对企业的控制权干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原文语义衔接句意】控制通常是为了保护公众第15题:【选项释义】A. quality 质量 B. quantity 数量C. fragment 碎片 D. segment 部分【答案】A【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析【解题思路】空格部分的语义为“美国食品和药物管理局禁止有害药物,或者要求食品的____标准”,“要求食品的____标准”与“禁止有害药物”并列,A选项quality“质量”最符合原文语义衔接,指对食品的质量标准有要求。
干扰项排除】B选项quantity“数量”,是quality的形近词,但是不符合原文语义衔接;C选项fragment“碎片”,不符合原文语义衔接;D选项segment“部分”,不符合原文语义衔接句意】食品和药物管理局禁止有害药品,或者要求食品达到质量标准第16题:【选项释义】A. applauding 鼓掌;称赞 B. assessing 评估C. ascending 增长的 adj.;上升 v. D. adjusting 调整【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格所在句语义为“政府的分支机构,包括国会和诸如联邦储备委员会这样的部门,试图通过____税率(tax rates)、货币供应和信贷的发放,来控制极端的经济繁荣和经济萧条,或者通货膨胀和通货紧缩由语义可得,“____税率(tax rates)、货币供应和信贷的发放”是政府控制极端经济繁荣和经济萧条的措施,D选项adjusting“调整”最符合原文语义衔接干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原文语义衔接句意】政府的分支机构,包括国会和诸如联邦储备委员会这样的部门,试图通过调整税率、货币供应和信贷的发放,来控制极端的经济繁荣和经济萧条,或者通货膨胀和通货紧缩。
第17题:【选项释义】A. accommodate 顺应;适应 B. adhere (~ to)遵守;紧贴C. affect 影响 D. account 认为是【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】本题所在句语义为“他们也(also)可以通过政府本身的公共支出数额的变化____经济前文提到“政府控制(control)极端的经济繁荣和经济萧条,或者通货膨胀和通货紧缩”,根据本题所在句中的“也(also)”可知,空格处“____经济”与“控制(control)经济”语义相似,因此,C选项affect“影响”最符合原文语义衔接干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原文语义衔接句意】他们还可以通过政府本身的公共支出数额的变化来影响经济第18题:【选项释义】A. allow for (在计划中)考虑到 B. require 要求C. permit 允许 D. make 使【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接与动词辨析【解题思路】本题所在句语义为“例如,关税____某些产品保持(to remain)相对来说不受外来的竞争”,前文提到“政府为企业和个人提供多种帮助”根据语义可知,这种帮助是,“关税”让“某些产品”相对来说可以免于与外国的产品竞争,原句中“保持(to remain)”使用的是不定式,因此,C选项permit“允许”符合要求,其常用搭配为permit sb/sth to do sth。
干扰项排除】A选项allow for“(在计划中)考虑到”,不符合原文语义衔接;B选项require“要求”,不符合原文语义衔接;D选项make“使”,其常用搭配为make sb/sth do sth,不符合原文句意】例如,关税允许某些产品,相对来说,免于与外国产品的竞争第19题:【选项释义】A. compensate 补偿 B. confront 面对C. complete 完成 D. compete 竞争【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析【解题思路】空格所在句语义为“有时对进口商品征税,以便美国产品能够更好地与某些外国商品____前文提到“关税允许某些产品,相对来说,免于与外国产品的竞争(competition)”,由此可知,本题所在句讲的是本国产品与外国产品的竞争,D选项compete“竞争”最符合原文语义衔接干扰项排除】A、B、C选项,为compete的形近词,但不符合原文语义衔接句意】有时对进口商品征税,以便美国产品能更好地与某些外国产品竞争第20题:【选项释义】A. help 帮助 B. grants 补助金C. support 帮助 D. assistance 帮助【答案】B【考查点】动宾搭配【解题思路】空格所在句语义为“政府支持那些不能充分照顾自己的人,方法是向有需要抚养孩子的工作父母____(making __40__ to)……”根据语义推测和选项,此处指的是这些父母提供帮助或资金,原文空格所填词的搭配为“making __40__ to”,B选项grants“补助金”符合要求,指向这些人拨款。
干扰项排除】A选项help“帮助”,不符合原文搭配,其常用搭配为provide/offer help to sb.“提供帮助”;C选项support“支持”,不符合原文搭配,其常用搭配为provide/offer support to sb.“提供帮助”;D选项assistance“帮助”,不符合原文搭配,其常用搭配为provide/offer assistance to sb.“提供帮助”句意】政府通过向有需要抚养孩子的工作的父母提供补助5. 翻译题Advice is offensive, not because it lays us open to unexpected regret, or convicts us of any fault which had escaped our notice, but because it shows us that we are known to others as well as to ourselves; and 1. the officious monitor is persecuted with hatred, not because his accusation is false, but because he assumes that superiority which we are not willing to grant him, and has dared to detect what we desired to conceal.For this reason, advice is commonly ineffectual. 2. If those who follow the call of their desires, without inquiry where they are going, had deviated ignorantly from the paths of wisdom, and were rushing upon dangers unforeseen, they would readily listen to information that recalls them from their errors and catch the first alarm by which destruction or infamy is denounced. Few that wander in the wrong way mistake it for the right; they only find it more smooth and flowery, and indulge their own choice rather than approve it; therefore few are persuaded to quit it by admonition or reproof, since it impresses no new conviction, nor confers how any power or action or resistance. He that is gravely informed how soon profusion will annihilate his fortune, hears with little advantage what he knew before, and catches at the next occasion of expense, because advice has no force to suppress his vanity. 3. He that is told how certainly intemperance will hurry him to the grave, runs with his usual speed to a new course of luxury, because his reason is not invigorated, nor his appetite weakened.4. The mischief of Flattery is, not that it persuades any man that he is what he is not, but that it suppresses the influence of honest ambition, by raising an opinion that honor may be gained without the toil of merit, and the benefit of advice arises commonly, not from any new light imparted to the mind, but from the discovery which it affords, of public suffrages.As we all know our own faults, and know them commonly with many aggravation which human perspicacity cannot discover, there is, perhaps, no man, however hardened by impudence or dissipated by levity, sheltered by hypocrisy, or blasted by disgrace, who does not intend some time to review his conduct and to regulate the remainder of his life by the law of virtues. New temptation indeed attack him, new invitations are offered by pleasure and interest and the hour of reformation is always delayed, 5. every delay gives vice another opportunity of fortifying itself of habit; and the change of manners, though sincerely intended and rationally planned, is referred to the time when some craving passion shall be fully gratified, or some powerful allurement cease its importunity.【答案】1. 爱管闲事的监督员容易被人记恨,不是因为他的指责是错误的,而是因为他具有我们不愿意让他有的优势,并且他敢于查明我们想要隐瞒的东西。
2. 有些人按照自己的意愿行事,没有人询问他们要去哪里,如果这些人不知不觉偏离了正途,正冲向不可预见的危险,他们会很乐意听取那些能让他们从错误中醒悟过来的建议,并且捕捉到让他们免于毁灭或恶行的第一声警告3. 如果一个人被告知没有节制的生活必然会加速他走向坟墓的步伐,他还是会以他平常的速度奔向新的奢靡之路,因为他的理智没有被激发,他的胃口也没有被减弱4. 谄媚的危害,不在于它使人相信他是他自己并不是的那种人,而在于它抑制了真实抱负的影响,因为它使人产生这样一种观点:荣誉不需要付出努力就能获得5. 每一次拖延,都是在为缺点发展成恶习提供机会虽然诚心改过,也有合理的计划,但是,只有在某种热切的渴望得到充分满足,或者某种强烈的诱惑停止纠缠时,改过自新的行为才能落实6. 翻译题It is a common problem in the non-family owned private limited company: shareholder/director wants to retire or leave the business, but one or more of his fellow shareholders/directors want to continue. 1. It is easy enough for a director to retire, but the likelihood is that he will want to cash in on his shares which have accumulated some value over the period of his participation in the business. Frequently, though, his fellow shareholder/director(s) do not have the financial resources to acquire the shares at their market value. A wide variety of options exist, but purchase of own shares by the company is one of the most useful.Purchase of own shares is exactly what says it is: the company acquires the shares from the shareholders. In principle, it is a simple concept but one which is covered by a number of very important legislative provisions, both in company and tax law. 2. Although at first sight the legislation appears to obstruct what might otherwise be a simple process, it actually exist to facilitate the purchase, while protecting the creditors (so far as company law is concerned). In fact, the provision are too numerous to cover in detail in a few words and this article is designed to outline the rules, regulations and options.3. It was always the case that a company could not acquire its own shares, because in doing so it was obtaining ownership of itself, which is contrary to the most fundamental legal principles surrounding the nature and existence of companies. The Company Act 1981 changed all that and the provisions it introduced are now incorporated into the Company Act 1985.4. In essence, provided a company is permitted to do so by its Memorandum and Articles of Association, any company can now acquire its own shares (subject to there being at least one left). Because purchase of own shares is a relatively recent innovation, many companies’ Memorandum and Articles of Association do not contain this provision but appropriate provisions can be included by Special Resolution, requiring a 75% majority.5. Although the purchase must normally be made out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares and or of distributable profits, important provision exist for private companies to make the purchase out of capital. If distributable profits are insufficient then, provided the company is solvent after the redemption and is believed by directors to be going concern for a further year, then the purchase can go ahead.【答案】1. 对一个董事来说,只是想退休很容易,但他可能想要将他在参与公司经营期间积累了一定价值的股份变现。
2. 虽然乍一看,这项立法似乎阻碍了原本可能简单的程序,但它实际上是为了在促进购买的同时保护债权人(就公司法而言)的权利3. 通常情况下,一个公司不能购买自己的股份,因为这样做是获得自己的所有权,这违反了关于公司的性质和存在的最基本的法律原则4. 从本质上来说,只要一家公司的组织大纲和章程允许它这样做,任何公司现在都可以收购自己的股份(前提是至少还有一股剩下)5. 尽管这种购买通常必须用新发行的股票和(或)可分配利润的收益进行,但对私营公司来说,也存在可以用资本购买的重要规定7. 单选题Mark was absolutely ____ by the puzzle, so he was confused and didn’t know how to deal with it.问题1选项A.baffledB.barteredC.batteredD.barged【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. baffled 困惑 B. bartered 以物换物C. battered 连续猛击 D. barged 冲撞【答案】A【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析【解题思路】空格所在部分的语义为“马克(Mark)完全被这个谜题____了”,根据后文“他很困惑(was confused),不知道该如何处理”推测,这个谜题是马克非常困惑,不知道怎么解决,A选项baffled“困惑”最符合原句语义衔接。
干扰项排除】B、C、D选项都是正确选项的形近词,但不符合原句语义衔接句意】马克完全被这个难题难住了,所以他很困惑,不知道该如何处理它8. 单选题Lung cancer has now exceeded breast can。




