2022-2023年考博英语-扬州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第49期

2022-2023年考博英语-扬州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Love is the most melodious of all harmonies and the sentiment of love is innate. Woman is a delightful instrument of pleasure, but it is necessary to know its trembling strings, to study the position of them, the timid keyboard, the fingering so changeful and（ ）which befits it.问题1选项A.viciousB.unrulyC.maliciousD.capricious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析A选项vicious“恶毒的”；B选项unruly“任性的”；C选项malicious“蓄意的”；D选项capricious“反复无常的”句意：爱是所有和声中最悦耳的，爱的情感是与生俱来的女人是令人愉悦的乐器，但你必须知道它颤动的琴弦，研究它们的位置，了解羞怯的键盘，以及适合它的喜怒无常的指法。

填空处所填的词应该和changeful意思相近，所以选项D正确2. 单选题Flats were almost unknown in Britain until the 1850s when they were developed, along with other industrial dwellings, for the laboring classes. These vast blocks were plainly a（1）means of（2）social conscience by housing large numbers of the ever-present poor on（3）city sites. During the 1880s, however, the idea of living in comfortable residential chambers caught on with the（4）upper and upper middle-classes, and（5）as to the advantages and disadvantages of flat life was a topic of conversation（6）many a（7）dinner table. In Paris and other major European cities, the custom whereby the better-off lived in apartments, or flats, was well（8）. Up to the late 19th century in England only bachelor barristers had established the（9）of living in rooms near the Law Court: any self-respecting head of household would insist（10）a West End town house as his London home, the best that his（11）could provide.The（12）of flats for the better-off seems to have developed for a number of reasons. First, perhaps, through the（13）of the railways, which had enabled a wide（14）of people to enjoy a holiday staying in a suite at one of the luxury hotels which had begun to spring up during the previous decade.（15）, no doubt, the fact that many of the early luxury flats were similar（16）hotel suites, even being provided with（17）dining rooms and central boilers for hot water and heating. Rents tended to be high to cover overheads, but savings were made（18）by these communal amenities and（19）tenants being able to（20）the number of family servants.问题1选项A.conservativeB.conventionalC.convenientD.communicative问题2选项A.easingB.decreasingC.diminishingD.enhancing问题3选项A.compactB.condensedC.compressedD.compatible问题4选项A.flourishingB.affluentC.humbleD.impoverished问题5选项A.ambiguityB.controversyC.predictionD.compromise问题6选项A.aroundB.throughC.overD.above问题7选项A.respectiveB.respectfulC.respectableD.respecting问题8选项A.launchedB.imposedC.establishedD.enacted问题9选项A.traditionB.anticipationC.convictionD.qualification问题10选项A.inB.toC.uponD.for问题11选项A.senseB.methodC.meansD.duty问题12选项A.superiorityB.popularityC.priorityD.adversity问题13选项A.productionB.destructionC.consumptionD.introduction问题14选项A.categoryB.ratioC.proportionD.range问题15选项A.NeverthelessB.NotwithstandingC.HenceD.Hitherto问题16选项A.withB.toC.forD.as问题17选项A.communalB.mutualC.concentratedD.domestic问题18选项A.vulnerableB.availableC.accessibleD.possible问题19选项A.withB.fromC.atD.by问题20选项A.shortenB.reduceC.shrinkD.increase【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B第6题:A第7题:C第8题:C第9题:A第10题:C第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:D第15题:C第16题:B第17题:A第18题:D第19题:D第20题:B【解析】1.考查形容词辨析。

conservative“保守的”；conventional“传统的，常见的，符合习俗的”；convenient“方便的”；communicative“爱说话的，健谈的”句意：这些公寓在那时是用来缓解社会良知的方便方法，这些房子里当时住着许多穷人通过把大多数穷人安置在小公寓里是一种方便的方法故C项正确2.考查动词辨析ease“减轻，缓解，缓和”；decrease“减少”；diminish“减少，使变小”；enhance“增加”此处指缓和社会良知，故A项正确3.考查形容词辨析compact“袖珍的，紧凑的”；condensed“浓缩的，扼要的”；compressed“被压缩的”；compatible“兼容的，能共处的”由city sites可知城市街区里的公寓是很紧凑的故A项正确4.考查形容词辨析flourishing“繁荣的，繁盛的”；affluent“富裕的，丰盛的”；humble“谦虚的，简陋的，”；impoverished “穷困的，用尽了的”由“upper and upper middle-classes”可知上层阶级是富裕的，故B项正确5.考查名词辨析ambiguity“含糊，模棱两可”；controversy“争议，争论”；prediction“预报，语言”；compromise“妥协，和解”。

由下文可知此空指的是有关公布公寓生活的优点和缺点的争论故B项正确6.考查固定搭配around the table围坐在餐桌周围7.考查形近词辨析respective“各自的”；respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；respectable“体面的，值得尊敬的，人格高尚的”；respecting“关于”富人的餐桌应该是体面的，故C项符合题意8.考查动词辨析launch“发射，发起，发动”；impose“强加，征税，以…欺骗”;establish“建立，确立”；enact“颁布，制定法律”在巴黎和欧洲其他主要城市，富人住在公寓里的习俗已经建立C项符合题意9.考查名词辨析tradition“传统，习惯”；anticipation“预料，预想，预期”；conviction“定罪，确信，证明有罪”；qualification“资格，条件”句意：到19世纪末，在英国只有单身律师建立了住在法院附近房子里的习惯故A项符合题意10.考查固定搭配insist upon“坚持”句意：任何有自尊心的户主会坚持希望在西部小镇的房子安家11.考查名词辨析sense“感觉，官能”；method“方法”；means“财产，方法”；duty“责任，职务”。

这里指代这些有自尊心的户主希望能在西部小镇安家，并且最好他的财产能够负担这些费用故C项正确12.考查名词辨析superiority“优越，优势，优先性”；popularity“普及，流行，受欢迎”；adversity“逆境，不幸，灾难”富人公寓很受欢迎似乎有许多理由B项符合题意13.考查名词辨析production“成品，成果”；destruction“毁灭”；consumption“消费，消耗”；introduction“介绍，引进，采用”此处指由于火车的引进，许多人度假能够住在豪华酒店的套房里14.考查名词辨析category“种类，分类”；ratio“比率，比例”；proportion“比例，占比”；range“范围，幅度”a wide range of“大范围的，许多不同的”15.考查连词nevertheless“然而，不过”；notwithstanding“虽然，尽管”；hence“因此”；hitherto“迄今，至今”句意：因此，不足为奇的是许多早期豪华公寓与酒店套房相似联系上下文可知此处表示因果关系，前为因，此处表示结果故C项正确16.考查固定搭配be similar to“与…相似的”。

17.考查形容词辨析communal“公共的，公社的”；mutual“共同的，相互的”；concentrated“集中的，浓缩的，全神贯注的”；domestic“国内的”由central boilers中心锅炉可推知豪华公寓里的餐厅也是公共的，故A项正确18.考查形容词辨析vulnerable“易受攻击的，脆弱的”；available“可获得的，可得到的”；accessible“可进入的，易接近的”；possible“可能的”由these communal amenties可推知这些公共设施可以帮助租客节省开支故D项正确19.考查介词由and 前面的by these communal…可知此空应填by句意：这些公共设施以及房客通过减少家庭仆人的数量使得节省开支成为可能20.考查动词辨析shorten“缩短，减少”；reduce“减少”；shrink“缩小，退缩”；increase“增加”由savings可推知房客是减少雇佣仆人的数量故B项项正确3. 翻译题A. Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese. (3x5)1. We recognize that in the long run, innovation is a key driver of growth for both individual countries and the global economy as a whole. We are committed to tackling one of the root causes of weak growth by taking innovation as a key element of our effort to identify new growth engines for individual countries and the world economy.2.Recognizing the detrimental effects of corruption and illicit finance flows on equitable allocation of public resources, sustainable economic growth, the integrity of the global financial system and the rule of law, we will reinforce the G20’s efforts to enhance international cooperation against corruption, while fully respecting international law, human rights and the rule of law as well as the sovereignty of each country.3.The pride we feel when someone from our nation wins a Nobel Prize is different from the one we feel witnessing one of our athletes winning an Olympic medal. We don’t feel the pride of our tribe demonstrating superiority over other tribes. Rather, it's the pride that comes from knowing that one of us has made a significant contribution to our common human endeavor.【答案】1.我们认识到，创新是各国和全球经济长期增长的重要动力。

我们致力于解决经济增长疲软的根源问题之一，将创新作为我们努力为各国和世界经济寻找新的增长引擎的关键因素2.认识到腐败和非法资金流动对公共资源公平分配、可持续经济增长的不利影响，以及破坏全球金融体系的完整性和法治，我们将加强二十国集团的反腐败国际合作，同时充分尊重国际法、人权、法治以及各国主权3.当我们看到来自我们国家的人获得诺贝尔奖时心里产生的那种自豪感，与我们看到我国运动员收获奥运奖牌时油然而生的自豪感不同我们内心并不会有一种优越感认为我们的民族优于其他民族，恰恰相反，获得诺贝尔奖的自豪感是源于得知我们当中的某个人对全人类的共同努力做出了重大贡献4. 单选题 When department stores have an oversupply of goods, they frequently（ ）prices to encourage sales.问题1选项A.concealB.reviewC.damageD.reduce【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析A选项conceal“隐藏；隐瞒”；B选项review“回顾；检查；复审”；C选项damage“损害，毁坏” D选项reduce“ 减少；降低”。

句意：当百货公司的商品供过于求时，他们经常降价以促进销量空格处动词的宾语是“价格”，根据后面的“以促进销量”可知D项符合句意5. 单选题Many tourists were（ ）by the city’s complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析degrade“使降低，使堕落，” ；bewilder“迷惑；把…弄糊涂，”；evoke意为“唤起，引起，”；divert意为“转移，分散句意：这个城市复杂的交通把许多游客搞得晕头转向B项符合题意6. 单选题Tomorrow morning I will have to（ ）a conference.问题1选项A.joinB.take partC.attend toD.participate in【答案】D【解析】考查近义词辨析A选项join“加入；参加”；B选项take part“参与， 参加”；C选项attend to“注意；照料” D选项participate in“参加；分享”句意：明天早上我要参加一个会议。

A, B, D三个选项均有 “参加”的意思，但是join多指参加某组织，成为其中的一个成员，take part和participate in一般是说参加某项活动，而take part比participate in更有主动的感觉，且侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用Participate是正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积极的角色参加因此C项正确7. 单选题Parents often faced the（ ）between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.问题1选项A.paradoxB.junctionC.dilemmaD.premise【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析A选项paradox“悖论，似是而非的论点”；B选项junction“连接，结合点”；C选项dilemma“困境，进退两难”；D选项premise“前提，假定”。

句意：家长们经常面对这样进退两难的境况：是做自己认为对孩子发展好的事情还是继续容忍孩子没有规矩的吵闹和破坏选项C符合句意8. 翻译题Directions: Choose two of the following sentences and translate them into English. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 5 points each)Note: You are required to translate 2 of the following sentences.1、世界是丰富多彩的，各种文明和社会体制应当求同存异并，取长补短我们不能照搬照抄别国的政治制度2、世界上很难找出政党制度和政治制度完全相同的国家各国有各国的国情关键的是要有利于经济发展和政治稳定，维护和实现人民的根本利益3、腐败作为一种社会历史现象，古今中外很多社会都有现在世界上没有哪个国家能说已经完全消除了腐败只有程度的不同4、不谋万世者，不足谋一时；不谋全局者，不足谋一域5、子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉；择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。

答案】1. Our world is diverse and colorful. All kinds of civilizations and socialist systems should seek common ground while reserving differences and learn from each other to make up deficiencies. We should not copy the political system of other countries mechanically.2. We can hardly find two countries that have exactly the same political party system and political system. Different countries have different national conditions. What is essential is that the kind of party system they institute should serve their economic development, political stability, and maintenance and realization of the fundamental interests of their people.3. Corruption, as a social and historic phenomenon, has existed in many societies, both in the past and at present. No country in the world today can acclaim that it has completely eliminated corruption. The only difference lies in the degree of seriousness of this problem.4. Without long-term strategy, short-term achievement is impossible. Without full-scale consideration, simple action is impracticable.5. Confucius said, “When three are walking together, I am sure to find teachers among them. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.”9. 单选题（ ）, I couldn't understand what is meant by that.问题1选项A.As I try hardB.Hard as I might tryC.I might try hardD.I tried hard【答案】B【解析】语法题。

考查倒装句意：尽管我很努力，我还是不明白那是什么意思这里是as（尽管）引导的倒装句结构：adj./adv.+ as +主语+其他成份，因此B选项正确10. 单选题Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病） of sleepiness in the nation．“I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David．Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest．The beginning of our sleep-deficit（lack）crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago．From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night．“The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock．“People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr. David．“They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic. ”Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the complexity of the day．Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programs．“In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours’ sleep．If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition．”To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier．“We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr．David．“Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate．”1.People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9.5 hours a night because they had（ ）．2.According to Dr. David, Americans（ ）.3.Many Americans believe that（ ）.4.The word “ subjects”（first sentence, last paragraph）refers to（ ）.5.It can be concluded from the passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to（ ）.问题1选项A.no drive and ambitionB.no electric lightingC.the best sleep habitsD.nothing to do in the evening问题2选项A.are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeB.often neglect the consequences of sleep deficitC.do not know how to relax themselves properlyD.can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep问题3选项A.sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busyB.they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday lifeC.to sleep is something one can do at any time of the dayD.enough sleep promotes people’s drive and ambition问题4选项A.the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficitB.special branches of knowledge that are being studiedC.people whose behaviors or reactions are being studiedD.the psychological consequences of sleep deficit问题5选项A.improve one’s memory dramaticallyB.be considered dynamic by other peopleC.maintain one’s daily scheduleD.feeling energetic and perform adequately【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。

由第二段“The beginning of our sleep-deficit（lack）crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago．“The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark. 我们的睡眠不足危机可以追溯到一个世纪前灯泡的发明最好的睡眠习惯曾经是我们被迫养成的，那时我们晚上在农场里无所事事，而且很黑可知18世纪和19世纪人们每晚睡9.5小时的主要原因是没有电灯故B项正确2.推理判断题由第二段“People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr. David．“They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic. 人们会在睡觉这方面欺骗自己，而且他们自己都没有意识到。

大卫博士说他们认为自己没问题，因为他们可以工作6.5个小时，而实际上他们需要7.5、8个小时甚至更多的时间才能感到精力充沛可知David认为美国人忽视了自己的睡眠问题故B项正确3.细节事实题由第三段“Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programs．每当来自工作、家庭、朋友和社区的压力增加时，许多人都认为睡觉是他们生活中最廉价的事情可知美国人很忙时会首先牺牲睡眠时间故A项正确4.词义题由最后一段“To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, 为了确定睡眠不足的后果，研究人员对受试者进行了一系列心理和表现测试，”可知subject指代研究中受试者的心理反应和其他表现。

故A项正确5.推理判断题本文第二段提到了由于睡眠不足导致的精力不充沛，最后一段的实验指出睡眠不足的人各方面的表现也不好故充足睡眠才能保证体力充沛，表现良好故D项正确11. 单选题There（ ） no further questions, the Chair will entertain a motion to approve the Presidents report.问题1选项A.had beenB.would beC.wasD.being【答案】D【解析】考查独立主格结构句意：没有问题的话，主席要提议请大家核准董事会的报告句子的前半部分在句中做状语成分，为独立主格机构，所以填空处应填入非谓语动词，只有选项D符合要求12. 单选题Games have been played for thousands of years and are common（1）all cultures. Throughout history and（2）the world people have used sticks to draw simple game boards on the ground,（3）up rules that incorporate stones or other common objects（4）playing pieces. About 5, 000 years ago people began to make more permanent game boards from sun-dried mud or wood.Some of the oldest board games may have evolved from methods of fortune-telling. The game of go, which many experts regard as the finest example of a pure strategy game, may have evolved from a method of fortune-telling practiced in China more than three thousand years ago, （5）black and white pieces were cast onto a square board marked with symbols of various significance. Go also involves black and white pieces on a board, but players deliberately place them on intersections of lines while trying to（6）more territory than opponent.Chess, Xiangqi (Chinese chess) and Shogi (Japanese chess) are（7）the most widely played board games in the world.（8）quite different, all three are believed to have evolved from a common ancestor — either a 6th-century game played in India or an earlier game played in China.（9）the centuries, chess（10）westward to the Middle East and（11）Europe, with rules（12）frequently. The game also spread（13）to Korea and Japan,（14）in very different rules changes.For most of human history, a game could not（15）much popularity unless it was（16） easy for players to make their own equipment. The（17）of printing (which occurred in the mid-1400s in the West) made this process easier, but it was（18）the advance of the 18th-century Industrial Revolution that it became possible to mass-produce many new（19）of games. Twentieth-century technological advances such as the invention of plastic and the computer revolution led to the creation of more games, and more new kinds of games, than in all previous centuries（20）. 问题1选项A.forB.withC.toD.by问题2选项A.roundB.aroundC.overD.through问题3选项A.to makeB.makeC.makingD.made问题4选项A.forB.atC.overD.as问题5选项A.whenB.in thatC.in whichD.which问题6选项A.attackB.surroundC.protectD.charge问题7选项A.amongB.ofC.withD.from问题8选项A.ForB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Moreover问题9选项A.DuringB.WithinC.PastD.Over问题10选项A.developedB.spreadC.passedD.covered问题11选项A.intoB.beyondC.insideD.in问题12选项A.changedB.changeC.changingD.changes问题13选项A.eastB.easternC.westwardD.eastward问题14选项A.resultedB.resultingC.resultD.results问题15选项A.gainB.reachC.winD.collect问题16选项A.lessB.moreC.fairlyD.enough问题17选项A.creationB.discoveryC.designD.invention问题18选项A.untilB.not untilC.tillD.not till问题19选项A.varietiesB.varietyC.differenceD.differences40.问题20选项A.combiningB.combinationC.combinedD.combine【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:D第7题:B第8题:C第9题:D第10题:B第11题:A第12题:A第13题:D第14题:B第15题:A第16题:C第17题:D第18题:B第19题:B第20题:C【解析】1.考查固定搭配。

common to意为“共同的；共有的；为…所共用”选项C正确2.考查固定搭配around the world意为“世界各地；全世界”选项B正确3.考查非谓语分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词have used，所以填空处应填入非谓语；其次，句子的主语是people，是制定规则这个动作的执行者，所以应使用现在分词形式选项C正确4.考查介词辨析根据句意“世界各地的人们都用木棍在地上画出简单的棋盘，并把石头或其他常见物品作为棋子来制定游戏规则这里表示“作为…”，所以选项D符合语境5.考查引导词根据句意“围棋，许多专家认为是最好的纯策略游戏的例子，可能是由3000多年前中国的一种算命方法演变而来的在这种算命方法中，将黑白的棋子投在标有各种意义符号的正方形棋盘上分析句子结构和句意可知，填空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是a method of fortune-telling，引导词在从句中做方式状语，所以引导词为in which选项C正确6.考查动词辨析A选项attack“攻击，袭击”；B选项surround“围绕”；C选项protect“保护”；D选项charge“掌控，掌管”根据句意可知，原文指棋手故意将棋子放置在线的交叉点上，试图占据比对手更多的地盘。

所以选项D更符合语境7.考查固定搭配be of指“具有…的性质”在这里指“这三类象棋是世界上使用最广泛的棋类游戏”，表示“具有广泛使用的性质”，所以选项B正确8.考查逻辑连词根据句意“尽管（这三类象棋）完全不同，但人们认为这三种游戏都是从一个共同的祖先演变而来的——要么是6世纪的印度游戏，要么是更早的中国游戏选项C符合原文语境9.考查固定搭配over the centuries意为“几个世纪以来”所以选项D正确10.考查动词辨析A选项develop“开发，生长”；B选项spread“传播”；C选项pass“通过”；D选项cover“包括，覆盖”根据句意“几个世纪以来，国际象棋向西传到中东……”以及下文的“spread”可知，选项B正确11.考查固定搭配spread into意为“传播到，蔓延到”。