2022-2023年考博英语-东华大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第10期

2022-2023年考博英语-东华大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题A drunk man walked in, ______ in appearance.问题1选项A.repulsiveB.reluctantC.reproachfulD.reputed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析A项repulsive“可憎的、排斥的”；B项reluctant“不情愿的”，常与to搭配构成不定式；C项reproachful“责备的、指责的”；D项reputed“享有声望的”；句意：一个醉汉走了进来，面目可憎因此该题A项正确2. 单选题My advice is that you’ll have to overcome your___ if you want to become a nurse.问题1选项A.humanitarianismB.loftinessC.squeamishnessD.compassion【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析A选项“humanitarianism”，意为“人道主义”；B选项“loftiness”，意为“高尚，骄傲”；C选项“squeamishness”意为“易恶心的，神经质”；D选项“compassion”，意为“同情，怜悯”。

句意：如果你想成为一名护士，我的建议是你必须克服你的易恶心，因此，C选项符合句意3. 单选题Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full ______.问题1选项A.capacityB.strengthC.lengthD.possibility【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析A项capacity“能力、容量、资格”；B项strength“力量、力气”；C项length“长度”；D项possibility“可能性”；句意：不外出工作的家庭主妇感觉家务活不能让她们完全施展自己的能力work to one’s capacity“充分发挥才能”；因此该题A项正确4. 单选题A man has to make ______ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.问题1选项A.supplyB.assuranceC.provisionD.adjustment【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析A项supply“提供”；B项assurance“保证、保险”；C项provision“供应、准备”；D项adjustment“调整”；句意：一个人必须存下足够的钱来养老。

因此该题C项正确5. 单选题It makes me sick to think of his highly ______ manners.问题1选项A.artisticB.artfulC.artlessD.artificial【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析A项artistic“艺术的、有美感的”；B项artful“巧妙的、狡猾的”；C项artless“天真的、朴实的”；D项artificial“人造的、仿造的、虚伪的”；句意：我一想到他那矫揉造作的举止就觉得恶心因此该题D项正确6. 单选题This is but a________ of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored.问题1选项A.frictionB.fractionC.factionD.fracture【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析A选项“friction”，意为“摩擦力，摩擦”，B选项“fraction”，意为“分数，部分”；C选项“faction”，意为“派别，小集团”，D选项“fracture”，意为“破裂，断裂”，句意：这只是青少年所储存的全部信息的一小部分。

因此，B选项符合句意7. 单选题Hamlet ______ his father’s death on his uncle.问题1选项A.reservedB.revertedC.revengedD.revealed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析A项reverse“颠倒、撤销、反转”；B项revert“回复、重提”；C项revenge“报复、复仇”；D项reveal“显示、透露、揭露”；句意：哈姆雷特向叔叔报了杀父之仇revenge on“向……报复”；因此该题C项正确8. 单选题I ______ with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.问题1选项A.expressB.confessC.verifyD.acknowledge【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析A项express“表达”；B项confess“承认、坦白”；C项verify“核实、查证”；D项acknowledge“承认、答谢、报偿”；句意：我感谢同事们在准备这个新专栏时给予我的帮助acknowledge with thanks the help of“答谢……的帮助”；因此该题D项正确。

9. 单选题 I could see that my wife was _____having that raincoat, whether I approve of it or not.问题1选项A.adequate forB.intent onC.short ofD.deficient in【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析A选项“adequate for”，意为“胜任……的，适合……的”， B选项“intent on”，意为“专心于，决心实行”，C选项“short of”意为“缺乏，不足，除……以外”，D选项“deficient in”，意为“不足，缺乏”句意：不管我赞成与否，我能看出我妻子一心想要那一件雨衣因此，B选项符合句意10. 单选题______ should any money be given to a small child.问题1选项A.On no accountB.From all accountC.Of no accountD.By all account【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配的用法A项on no account“决不”，放在句首作状语时，主谓应该倒装；B项from all account“根据各方面所说”；C项of no account“不重要的、没有价值的”，在句中通常作表语和定语；D项by all account“据大家所说”；句意：绝不能给小孩钱。

因此该题A项正确11. 单选题Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “good and services” than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange a tall, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.1. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ______.2. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph 1) implies that ______.3. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ______.4. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ______.5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.posing a contrastB.justifying an assumptionC.making a comparisonD.explaining a phenomenon问题2选项A.monkeys are also outraged by slacking rivalsB.resenting unfairness is also monkey’s natureC.monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each otherD.no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions问题3选项A.more inclined to weigh what they getB.attentive to researchers’ instructionsC.nice in both appearance and temperamentD.more generous than their male companions问题4选项A.prefer grapes to cucumbersB.can be taught to exchange thingsC.will not be co-operative if feeling cheatedD.are unhappy when separated from others问题5选项A.Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B.Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C.Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D.Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the world.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。

题干意思是“开篇作者是通过什么方法切入主题？”首段举出人们对加薪不等的事情会气愤，说这种行为是“人类化的”(all too human)，但现在有研究表明这种行为也是“猴子化的”(all too monkey)行为这里对这种行为的两种可能的属性进行类比以引出全文的主题；B项“证实一种假设”，原文提出的假定原本是人与猴不一样，所以该项错误；D项“解释一种现象”，这个说法不能够将开头和主题的内在联系结合起来另外根据第二段第二行like their female human counterparts（就像女性人类一样）可知，这是比较的相同点；A项“指出对比”和C项“做出对照”看起来都是对的，但是A项里面的contrast是指不同处的比较，comparison是指相同处的比较，因此该题C选项正确2.【试题解析】细节推理题题干意思是“第一段最后一行的句子it is all too money暗示什么？”先找到all too human的是什么行为，根据第二句Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.（然而，如果你得知一位同事的工资比你高，你自己的快乐就会消失）和第三句Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.（事实上，如果他以懒散著称，你甚至可能会感到愤怒）可以推断出，人类对不公平的待遇会愤怒；最后一句提到有研究表明猴子也有这种行为，称为all too monkey；因此all too monkey暗示对不公平的憎恨猴子也会。

A项“猴子也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒”，文中只是提到人会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，没有说动物也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，所以不选；C项“猴子和人一样，也会彼此嫉妒”是干扰项，文中的主题是告诉大家猴子和人一样对不公平也会愤怒；D项“除了猴子没有动物能够培养出这样的感情”，文中没有提到其他动物，所以不选因此该题只有B选项正确3.【试题解析】细节推理题题干意思是“选择雌性卷尾猴作为研究对象，很可能是因为它们确实是……？”第二段最后一句提到 like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.（和人类女性一样，它们往往比男性更关注“商品和服务”的价值），可知雌性猴子比雄性猴子更会权衡B项“注意研究员的指示”，没提到，所以不选；C项“漂亮且性情温和”，第二段确实提到了雌性猴子可爱且性情温和，但是这不是它们会被作为研究对象的原因，是因为它们和人类女性一样对价值的权衡才是研究的原因；D项“比雄性伙伴更大方”也未提及。

因此A选项正确4.【试题解析】细节事实题题干意思是“Brosnan博士和de Waal博士最终在他们的研究中发现，猴子……”最后一段第三句Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.（只有当每只动物都觉得没有被欺骗时，这种合作才有可能稳定下来）可知，如果感觉受到欺骗，猴子之间的合作就被打破了A项“相比黄瓜更喜欢葡萄”和B项“被教会交换东西”都是实验中采取的一些行动，不是研究发现的结果，所以不选；D项“当被分开时会不高兴”，这个选项是断章取义，因此错误所以，本题正确答案是C选项5.【试题解析】判断推理题题干意思是“从最后一段我们可以推断出什么？”A选项“猴子可以通过训练来发展社交情绪”，看最后一段第一句The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions（研究认为，卷尾猴和人类一样，也会受到社会情绪的引导）可知，社会情绪是受引导而不是训练，A项不选；C项“动物通常像人一样公开表达自己的感情”，看最后一段第三行Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.（义愤填膺的情绪，似乎并不是人类独有的），这里文中描述的是愤怒的情绪，开头也是以不公平待遇的愤怒开篇，C选项有点过度解读，所以不选；D项“猴子之间的合作只有在野外才能保持稳定”，文中是说不受到欺骗才会稳定，D项错误；B项“人类的愤慨起源于一个不确定的来源”，根据最后一句whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchin and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species has 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.（这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上独立进化而来的，还是来自于3500万年前该物种的共同祖先，至今仍是一个未解之谜），可知人类的这种愤慨起源于不确定的因素，因此B项正确。

12. 单选题Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century.（1）   in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was （2）   on both sides with many（3）  businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries.（4）  , some shops offered（5）  . These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoerepair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.（6）  in the 1950s, a change began to（7）  . Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street（8）  too few parking places were（9）  shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces（10）  the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got（11）   the first shopping center was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls,（12）  as a collection of small new stores（13）  crowded city centers. （14）  by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from（15）  areas to outlying malls. And the growing（16）  of shopping centers led（17）  to the building of bigger and better-stocked stores.（18）  the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the（19）  of one-stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, （20）   benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.问题1选项A.As early asB.EarlyC.Early asD.Earlier问题2选项A.builtB.designedC.intendedD.lined问题3选项A.variedB.variousC.sortedD.mixed up问题4选项A.Apart fromB.HoweverC.In additionD.As well问题5选项A.medical careB.foodC.cosmeticsD.services问题6选项A.SuddenlyB.AbruptlyC.ContrarilyD.But问题7选项A.be taking placeB.take placeC.be taken placeD.have taken place问题8选项A.whileB.yetC.thoughD.and then问题9选项A.available forB.available toC.used byD.ready for问题10选项A.overB.fromC.out ofD.outside问题11选项A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.then问题12选项A.startedB.foundedC.set upD.organized问题13选项A.out ofB.away fromC.next toD.near问题14选项A.AttractedB.SurprisedC.DelightedD.Enjoyed65.问题15选项A.innerB.centralC.shoppingD.downtown66.问题16选项A.distinctionB.fameC.popularityD.liking67.问题17选项A.onB.in turnC.by turnsD.further68.问题18选项A.ByB.DuringC.InD.Towards69.问题19选项A.cheapnessB.readinessC.convenienceD.handiness70.问题20选项A.because ofB.andC.withD.provided【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D第6题:D第7题:B第8题:A第9题:B第10题:D第11题:A第12题:A第13题:B第14题:A第15题:D第16题:C第17题:B第18题:A第19题:C第20题:C【解析】1. 【试题解析】考查单词用法。

A项as early as“同……一样早”；B项early可为形容词也可为副词，做副词时意为“早期”；C选项没有early as 这种搭配；D选项earlier“较早”，为early的比较级由空格后“in the 1900s”可知是指20世纪初期、早期，所以B选项符合题意句意：在20世纪初，大多数美国城镇都有一条主要街道2. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析A项built“建造，建立”；B项designed“设计；计划”；C项intended“故意的，有意的”；D项lined“排队、填满”由空格后“businesses”可知是指街道两边排列的大大小小的商店，所以D选项符合题意句意：街道的两旁排列着很多各种各样的商店3. 【试题解析】考查形容词辨析A项varied“各式各样的”；B项various“各种各样的；多方面的”；C项sorted“（非正式）组织好的”；D项mixed up“混淆不清的，困惑的”varied和various都可以指同一范畴的不同种类，在表示“各种各样，各不相同的”意思时，一般可以换用，只是前者侧重于“不同”的含义，后者则侧重于种类数目的“多”由空格后“businesses”可知是指街道两边排列的各种不同种类的商店，侧重于种类数目的多，所以B选项符合题意。

句意：街道的两旁排列着很多各种各样的商店4. 【试题解析】考查前后逻辑关系A项Apart from“远离，除……之外”，后必须接名词或动名词；B项However“无论如何；不管怎样”；C项In addition“除此之外”可单独使用；D项As well“也；同样地”，一般用于句末由空格前后可知是指商店除了销售商品，还提供服务，所以C选项符合题意句意：除了各种各样的商店销售各种各样的商品之外，有些商店还提供服务5. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析A项medical care“医疗护理”；B项food“食物”；C项cosmetic“化妆品”；D项service“服务”由空格前“some shops”可知商店是提供服务的地方，所以D选项符合题意句意：除了各种各样的商店销售各种各样的商品之外，有些商店还提供服务6. 【试题解析】考查前后逻辑关系A项Suddenly“突然”；B项Abruptly“突然地；唐突地”；C项Contrarily“相反地；反之”；D项But“但是”由空格后“a change”可知这里表示转折且需填入一个连词，所以D选项符合题意句意：但是在五十年代，情况发生了变化7. 【试题解析】考查语法知识。

take place只有主动语态，故可排除C，而begin to后应接动词不定式，只有take place“发生”可用，所以B选项符合题意句意：但是在五十年代，情况发生了变化8. 【试题解析】考查前后逻辑关系A项while是连词，“而，却”，表比较；B项yet“然而”，表转折；C项though“尽管，虽然”，表让步；D项and then“然后”根据空格前后“Too many automobiles”和“too few parking places”可知，太多的车与很少的停车场是一个对比关系，所以A选项符合题意句意：参考59题9. 【试题解析】考查固定搭配A项available for“可用于……的；对……有效的”；B项available to“可以用来，现有的”；C项use by“在……以前使用”；D项ready for“对……有适合准备”根据空格后“shoppers”再加上be available to sb.为固定搭配，意为“对某人来说可用的，可得到的”，所以B选项符合题意句意：主干道上挤满了太多的汽车，而可供购物者停车的地方却太少10. 【试题解析】考查方位词辨析A项over“在……上面”；B项from“从……起；从……开始”；C项out of“……的外面”；D项outside“外面”，多指超过某一个界限、范围等。

根据空格后“the city limits”可知这里是指城市界限之外的地方，所以D选项符合题意句意：由于道路拥挤，商人们开始对城市界限以外的开阔地感兴趣11. 【试题解析】考查语法知识由空格后“the first shopping center was built”可知这里是一个时间状语从句，所以只能用when，所以A选项符合题意B项while“在……期间”，表示一段时间；C项since“自从”，主句一般用现在完成时；D选项then“之后”，在此语义不符句意：当第一个购物中心建成时，他们得到了开放的空间12. 【试题解析】考查动词辨析A项started“开始”；B项founded“建立（found的过去分词）；创立”；C项set up“建立”；D项organized“组织”由空格后“as a collection of small new stores”（作为一些小商店的集合）可知这里是指大的商场都是由小的商店开始的，所以A选项符合题意句意：购物中心是从聚集一些小的店铺开始的13. 【试题解析】考查词组辨析A项out of“在……之外”；B项away from表示距离，“远离”；C项next to“靠近，下一个”；D项near“近的”。

由空格后“crowded city centers”（拥挤的市中心）可知这里是指远离，所以B选项符合题意句意：购物中心，或者更确切地说是商场，最初是在拥挤的城市中心之外的一些小的新商店的集合14. 【试题解析】考查形容词辨析A项Attracted“吸引”；B项surprise“使……惊奇”；C项delight“使……喜悦”；D项enjoy“欣赏，喜爱”由空格后“by hundreds of free parking space”（数以百计的免费停车位），再联系前文提到街道拥挤，所以免费停车位会吸引无数的人，所以A项符合语义句意：被数百个免费停车位所吸引15. 【试题解析】考查形容词辨析A项inner指“内部的；内心的”；B项central“中心的；主要的”；C项shopping“购物，买东西”；D项downtown“市中心的”由前后语义可知顾客被免费停车位从市中心吸引到城市外的商业中心，所以D项符合语义句意：在数百个免费停车位的吸引下，顾客们纷纷从市中心涌向郊外的购物中心16. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析A项distinction“声望”；B项fame“卓越，好名声”；C项popularity“普及，流行；名气”，指名气很大，知名度很高；D项liking“喜爱，喜好”。

由空格后“shopping centers”可知是指购物中心的名气，所以C项符合语义句意：这些购物中心越来越大的名气反过来导致了更大，设备更好的商店的建成17. 【试题解析】考查前后逻辑关系A项on“在……之上”；B项in turn“依次”，引申为“反过来”；C项by turns“轮流；交替”；D项further“进一步地；而且”由66题可知，名气增大反过来促进了建成更好的商店，所以B项符合语义句意：这些购物中心越来越大的名气反过来导致了更大，设备更好的商店的建成18. 【试题解析】考查语法知识由空格后“the late 1970s”可知，只有by所组成的时间状语与完成时连用，意为“到……为止”，其他三个选项均被排除，所以A项符合语义句意：到20世纪70年代末，许多购物中心几乎发展成了小城市19. 【试题解析】考查名词辨析与上下文语义A项cheapness“廉价”；B项readiness“敏捷，迅速”；C项convenience“便利”；D项handiness“轻便；灵巧”由空格前“providing”可知，convenience与providing组成短语“提供方便，便利”，符合上下文义，所以C项符合语义。

句意：除了提供一站式购物的便利外20. 【试题解析】考查介词、连词辨析A项because of“由于”；B项and“和”；C项with“和……在一起，带有”；D项provided“假如，倘若”由空格前后“landscaped parks, benches”可知，这里是指公园带有何种基础设施，所以with在这里是带有的意思，因此C项符合语义句意：商业街被变成了带有长椅、喷泉及户外娱乐的风景优美的公园13. 翻译题吸引大量观众的体育运动，为人们观赏青春的活力、速度和力量提供了一个窗口它所展示的技能水平强烈地吸引着人们男性之所以比女性更直接地认同这种运动，是因为他们的童年经历和比赛所展示的阳刚之气到20世纪70年代初，体育爱好者们对比赛不断增长的兴趣在电视联播中得到了进一步加强，并把职业运动转变成了利润丰厚的商业活动结果，一些全新的俱乐部联合会雨后春笋般地涌现出来，与现有的体育组织展开竞争，并以诱人的工资来吸引运动员加盟随着体育变得更像传统的商业活动，越来越多的运动员寻找他们的经纪人，代表他们参加工资谈判现在，职业体育运动已经进入一个新时代Directions: In this part you are required to turn the following paragraph into English. Please write it on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】【参考译文】Sports that attract large audiences provide a window on the vigor, speed and power of youth. People are strongly attracted to the skill levels it shows. Men identify with the sport more directly than women because of their childhood experiences and the masculinity of the game.By the early 1970s, fans’ growing interest in the game was reinforced by television networks and turned professional sports into a lucrative business. As a result, entirely new club federations sprung up to compete with established sports organizations and lure away players with attractive salaries. As sports become more like a traditional business, more and more athletes seek out their agents to represent them in salary negotiations. Now, professional sports have entered a new era.14. 单选题______ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.问题1选项A.To giveB.GivenC.GivingD.Having given【答案】B【解析】考查given的用法。

A项to give不定式；B项given 过去分词作介词放句首，表“考虑到”；C项giving现在分词；D项having given现在完成时；句意：考虑到有关德国经济实力的说法，德国经济实际上是相对较小的，这多少有些令人惊讶因此该题B项正确15. 单选题For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic. Columbus went west to look for better trade routes to the Orient and to promote the greater glory of Spain. Lewis and Clark journeyed into the American wilderness to find out what the U.S. had acquired when it purchased Louisiana, and the Apollo astronauts rocketed to the moon in a dramatic show of technological muscle during the cold war.Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science by going where no scientists had gone before. Today Mars looms as humanity’s next great terra incognita. And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet’s reddish surface. Could it be that science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at last destined to take a leading role? The question naturally invites a couple of others: Are there experiments that only human could do on Mars? Could those experiments provide insights profound enough to justify the expense of sending people across interplanetary space?With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been. The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions the bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite (陨石) from Mars. A more conclusive answer about life on Mars, past or present, would give researchers invaluable data about the range of conditions under which a planet can generate the complex chemistry that leads to life. If it could be established that life arose independently on Mars and Earth, the finding would provide the first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science: the prevalence of life in the universe.1. According to the passage, the chief purpose of explores in going to unknown place in the past was_______。