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交通灯控制逻辑电路设计-Protel

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  • 电气制图及CAD交通灯控制逻辑电路设计 0704240211 陈海欣一、 简述为了确保十字路口的车辆顺利、畅通地通过,往往都采用自动控制的交通信号灯来进行指挥其中红灯(R)亮表示该条道路禁止通行;黄灯(Y)亮表示停车;绿灯(G)亮表示允许通行交通灯控制器的系统框图如图3.1所示图3.1 交通灯控制器系统框图二、设计任务和要求设计一个十字路口交通信号灯控制器,其要求如下:1. 满足如图3.2顺序工作流程图中设南北方向的红、黄、绿灯分别为NSR、NSY、NSG,东西方向的红、黄、绿灯分别为EWR、EWY、EWG它们的工作方式,有些必须是并行进行的,即南北方向绿灯亮,东西方向红灯亮;南北方向黄灯亮,东西方向红灯亮;南北方向红灯亮,东西方向绿灯亮;南北方向红灯亮,东西方向黄灯亮图3.2 交通灯顺序工作流程图 2. 应满足两个方向的工作时序:即东西方向亮红灯时间应等于南北方向亮黄、绿灯时间之和,南北方向亮红灯时间应等于东西方向亮黄、绿灯时间之和时序工作流程图见图3.3所示图3.3中,假设每个单位时间为3秒,则南北、东西方向绿、黄、红灯亮时间分别为15秒、3秒、18秒,一次循环为36秒。

    其中红灯亮的时间为绿灯、黄灯亮的时间之和,黄灯是间歇闪耀图3.3 交通灯时序工作流程图3. 十字路口要有数字显示,作为时间提示,以便人们更直观地把握时间具体为:当某方向绿灯亮时,置显示器为某值,然后以每秒减1计数方式工作,直至减到数为“0”,十字路口红、绿等交换,一次工作循环结束,而进入下一步某方向的工作循环例如:当南北方向从红灯转换成绿灯时,置南北方向数字显示为18,并使数显计数器开始减“1”计数,当减到绿灯灭而黄灯亮(闪耀)时,数显得值应为3,当减到“0”时,此时黄灯灭,而南北方向的红灯亮;同时,使得东西方向的绿灯亮,并置东西方向的数显为184. 可以手动调整和自动控制,夜间为黄灯闪耀5. 在完成上述任务后,可以对电路进行以下几方面的电路改进或扩展 (1)在某一方向(如南北)为十字路口主干道,另一方向(如东西)为次干道;主干道由于车辆、行人多,而次干道的车辆、行人少,所以主干道绿灯亮的时间可以选定为次干道绿灯亮时间的2倍或3倍2)用LED发光二极管模拟汽车行驶电路当某一方向绿灯亮时,这一方向的发光二极管接通,并一个一个向前移动,表示汽车在行驶;当遇到黄灯亮时,移位发光二极管就停止,而过了十字路口的移位发光二极管继续向前移动;红灯亮时,则另一方向转为绿灯亮,那么,这一方向的LED发光二极管就开始移位(表示这一方向的车辆行驶)。

    三、设计方案根据设计任务和要求,参考交通灯控制器的逻辑电路主要框图3.1,设计方案可以从以下几部分进行考虑1. 秒脉冲和分频器因十字路口每个方向绿、黄、红灯所亮时间比例分别为5:1:6,所以,若选4秒(也可以3秒)为一单位时间,则计数器每计4秒输出一个脉冲这一电路就很容易实现,2. 交通灯控制器由波形图可知,计数器每次工作循环周期为12,所以可以选用12进制计数器计数器可以用单触发器组成,也可以用中规模集成计数器这里我们选用中规模74LS164八位移位寄存器组成扭环形12进制计数器扭环形计数器的状态表如表3.1所示表3.1 状态表t计数器输出南北方向东西方向Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 NSG NSY NSREWG EWY EWR012345678910110 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 01 1 1 0 0 01 1 1 1 0 01 1 1 1 1 01 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 10 0 1 1 1 10 0 0 1 1 10 0 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 0 11 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 00 00 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 11 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 00 0根据状态表,我们不难列出东西方向和南北方向绿、黄、红灯的逻辑表达式: 东西方向 绿: 黄: 红:南北方向 绿:黄:红:由于黄灯要求闪耀几次,所以用时标1s和EWY或NSY黄灯信号相“与”即可。

    3. 显示控制部分显示控制部分实际上是一个定时控制电路当绿灯亮时,使减法计数器开始工作(用对方的红灯信号控制),每来一个秒脉冲,使计数器减1,直到计数器为“0”而停止译码显示可用74LS248 BCD码七段译码器,显示器用LC5011-11共阴极LED显示器,计数器材用可预置加、减法计数器,如74LS168、74LS193等3. 手动/自动控制,夜间控制这可用一选择开关进行置开关在手动位置,输入单次脉冲,可使交通灯在某一位置上,开关在自动位置时,则交通信号灯按自动循环工作方式运行夜间时,将夜间开关接通,黄灯闪亮4. 汽车模拟运行控制用移位寄存器组成汽车模拟控制系统,即当某一方向绿灯亮时,则绿灯亮“G”信号使该路方向的移位通路打开,而当黄、红灯亮时,则使该方向的移位停止如图3.4所示,为南北方向汽车模拟控制电路图3.4 汽车模拟控制电路四、电路简要说明1. 单次手动及脉冲电路单次脉冲是由两个与非门组成的RS触发器产生的,当按下K1时,有一个脉冲输出使74LS164移位计数,实现手动控制K2在自动位置时,由秒脉冲电路经分频后(4分频)输入给74LS164,这样,74LS164为每4秒向前移一位(计数1次)。

    秒脉冲电路可用晶振或RC振荡电路构成2. 控制器部分它由74LS164组成扭环形计数器,然后经译码后输出十字路口南北、东西两个方向的控制信号其中黄灯信号必须满足闪耀,并在夜间时,使黄灯闪亮,而绿、红灯灭3. 数字显示部分当南北方向绿灯亮,而东西方向红灯亮时,使南北方向的74LS168以减法计数器方式工作,从数字“24” 开始往下减,当减到“0”时,南北方向绿灯灭,红灯亮,而东西方向红灯灭,绿灯亮由于东西方向红灯灭信号(EWR:0)使与门关断,减法计数器工作结束,而南北方向红灯亮使另一方向——东西方向减法计数器开始工作在减法计数开始之前,由黄灯亮信号使减法计数器先置入数据,图中接入U/和的信号就是由黄灯亮(为高电平)时,置入数据黄灯灭(Y=0)而红灯亮(R=1)开始减计数4. 汽车模拟控制电路这一部分电路参考图4当黄灯(Y)或红灯(R)亮时,则这端为高(H)电平,在CP移位脉冲作用下,而向前移位,高电平“H”从QH一直移到QA(图中74LS164-1)由于绿灯在红灯和黄灯位高电平时,它为低电平,所以74LS164-1QA的信号就不能送到74LS164-2移位寄存器的RI端这样,就模拟了当黄、红灯亮时汽车停止的功能。

    而当绿灯亮,黄、红灯灭(G=1,R=0,Y=0)时,74LS164-1、74LS164-2都能在CP移位脉冲作用下向前移位这就意味着绿灯亮时汽车向前运行这一功能五、电路逻辑图六、元器件清单Part Type Designator Footprint74LS00 U3 DIP1474LS05 U5 DIP1474LS08 U12 DIP1474LS08 U10 DIP1474LS08 U22 DIP1474LS11 U13 DIP1474LS32 U11 DIP1474LS74 U2 DIP1474LS164 U23 DIP1474LS168A U14 DIP1674LS168A U15 DIP1674LS168A U17 DIP1674LS168A U16 DIP164511 U19 DIP164511 U18 DIP164511 U21 DIP164511 U20 DIP16CAP R3 RAD0.1CON2 J1 RAD0.3DPY_7-SEG_DP DS4 DIP18DPY_7-SEG_DP DS3 DIP18DPY_7-SEG_DP DS2 DIP18DPY_7-SEG_DP DS1 DIP18LAMP DS10 RAD0.2LAMP DS5 RAD0.2LAMP DS6 RAD0.2LAMP DS7 RAD0.2LAMP DS9 RAD0.2LAMP DS8 RAD0.2NE555 U1 DIP8RES2 R4 AXIAL0.3RES2 R5 AXIAL0.3RES2 R1 AXIAL0.3RES2 R2 AXIAL0.3RES2 R6 DIP14SW-SPDT S1 TO-126SW SPDT S2 TO-126SW SPST S3 RAD0.3七、网络表[DS1 DIP18 DPY_7-SEG_DP][DS2 DIP18 DPY_7-SEG_DP][DS3 DIP18 DPY_7-SEG_DP][DS4 DIP18 DPY_7-SEG_DP][DS5 RAD0.2 LAMP][DS6 RAD0.2 LAMP][DS7 RAD0.2 LAMP][DS8 RAD0.2 LAMP][DS9 RAD0.2 LAMP][DS10 RAD0.2 LAMP][J1 RAD0.3 CON2 ][R1 AXIAL0.3 RES2][R2 AXIAL0.3 RES2][R3 RAD0.1 CAP][R4 AXIAL0.3 RES2][R5 AXIAL0.3 RES2][R6 DIP14 RES2][S1 TO-126 SW-SPDT][S2 TO-126 SW SPDT][S3 RAD0.3 SW SPST][U1 DIP8 NE555][U2 DIP14 74LS74][U3 DIP14 74LS00][U5 DIP14 74LS05][U10 DIP14 74LS08][U11 DIP14 74LS32][U12 DIP14 74LS08][U13 DIP14 74LS11][U14 DIP16 74LS168A][U15 DIP16 74LS168A][U16 DIP16 74LS168A][U17 DIP16 74LS168A][U18 DIP16 4511][U19 DIP16 4511][U20 DIP16 4511][U21 DIP16 4511][U22 DIP14 74LS08][U23 DIP14 74LS164](GND S5-1 S6-1 DS7-1 DS8-1 DS9-1 DS10-1 J1-1 R3-2 S1-1 S3-1 U1-1U2-7 U3-7 U5-7 U10-7 U11-7 U12-7 U13-7 U14-3 U14-5 U14-6 U14-7 U14-8 U14-10 U15-3 U15-4 U15-6 U15-7 U15-8 U15-10 U16-3 U16-5 U16-6 U16-7 U16-8 U16-10 U17-3 U17-4 U17-6 U17-7 U17-8 U17-10 U18-5 U18-8 U19-5 U19-8 U20-5 U20-8 U21-5 U21-8 U22-7 U23-7)(NetR6_2 R6-2 S3-2 U5-5 U12-4 U12-12 U13-1 U13-3 U23-9)(NetS1_2 R4-2 S1-2 U3-4 ) (NetS1_3 R5-1 S1-3 U3-2 )(NetS2_2 S2-2 U2-9 )(NetU1_2 R2-2 R3-1 U1-2 U1-6)(NetU1_7 R1-1 R2-1 U1-7)(NetU2_8 U2-8 U2-12)(NetU3_1 U3-1 U3-6)(NetU3_5S2-3U3-3U3-5)(NetU5_6U5-6U11-1U11-4)(NetU5_8U5-8U16-9U17-9)(NetU10_2U5-2U10-2U13-4)(NetU10_3U5-9U10-3U11-2U16-117-1)(NetU10_6U5-11U10-6U11-5U14-1U15-1)(NetU11_3U11-3U12-1)(NetU11_6U11-6U12-9)(NetU12_2U1-3U2-2U2-3U2-6U2-11U12-2U1210U22-2U22-5)(NetU12_3DS6-2U12-3)(NetU12_6DS7-2U12-6)(NetU12_8DS9-2U12-8(NetU1_11DS10-212-11)(NetU13_2U5-3U10-1U12-13U13-2U22-1U23-11(NetU13_6DS8-2U13-6)(NetU13_12DS5-2U13-12)(NetU13_13U5-1U10-5U13-13U23-10)(NetU14_2U14-2U15-15)(NetU14_9U5-10U14-9U15-9)(NetU14_11U14-11U18-6)(NetU14_12U14-12U18-2)(NetU14_13U14-13U18-1)(NetU14_14U14-14U18-7)(NetU15_2U15-2U22-3)(NetU15_11U15-1U19-6)(NetU15_12U15-12U19-2)(NetU15_13U15-13U19-1)(NetU15_14U15-14U19-7)(NetU16_2U16-2U17-15)(NetU16_11U16-11U20-6)(NetU16_12U16-12U20-2)(NetU16_13U16-3U20-1)(NetU16_14U16-14U20-7)NetU17_2U17-2U22-6)(NetU17_11U17-11U21-6)(NetU17_1U17-12U21-2)(NetU17_13U17-13U21-1)(NetU17_14U17-14U21-7)(NetU18_9DS1-5U18-9)(NetU18_10DS1-4U18-10)(NetU18_11DS1-3U18-11)(NetU18_12DS1-2U18-12)(NetU18_13DS1-1U18-13)(NetU18_14DS1-7U18-14)(NetU18_15DS1-6U18-15)(NetU19_9DS2-5U19-9)(NetU19_10DS2-4U19-10)(NetU19_11DS2-3U19-11)(NetU19_12DS2-2U19-12)(NetU19_13DS2-1U19-13)(NetU19_14DS2-7U19-14)(NetU19_15DS2-6U19-15)(NetU20_9DS3-5U20-9)(NetU20_10DS3-4U20-10)(NetU20_11DS3-3U20-11)(NetU20_12DS3-2U20-12)(NetU20_13DS3-1U20-13)(NetU20_14DS3-7U20-14)(NetU20_15DS3-6U20-15)(NetU21_9DS4-5U21-9)(NetU21_10DS4-4U21-10)(NetU21_11DS4-3U21-11)(NetU21_12DS4-2U21-12)(NetU21_13DS4-1U21-13)(NetU21_14DS4-7U21-14)(NetU21_15DS4-6U21-15)(NetU23_1U5-4U10-4U12-5U13-5U22-4U23-1U23-2)(NetU23_8S2-1U23-8)(VCCJ1-2R1-2R4-1R5-2R6-1U1-4U1-8U2-1U2-4U2-10U2-13U2-14U3-14U5-14U10-14U11-14U12-14U13-14U14-4U14-16U15-5U15-16U16-4U16-16U17-5U17-16U18-3U18-4U18-16U19-3U19-4U19-16U20-3U20-4U20-16U21-3U21-4U21-16U22-14U23-14)八、PCBNetlistNets report For Documents\交通灯控制逻辑电路设计.PCBOn 13-Jun-2009 at 19:41:55GND Signal Layers Only Length:84696 milsNetR6_2 Signal Layers Only Length:21897 milsNetS1_2 Signal Layers Only Length:4182 milsNetS1_3 Signal Layers Only Length:4106 milsNetS2_2 Signal Layers Only Length:2509 milsNetU10_2 Signal Layers Only Length:8905 milsNetU10_3 Signal Layers Only Length:9453 milsNetU10_6 Signal Layers Only Length:10480 milsNetU11_3 Signal Layers Only Length:4421 milsNetU11_6 Signal Layers Only Length:4768 milsNetU12_11 Signal Layers Only Length:2623 milsNetU12_2 Signal Layers Only Length:11890 milsNetU12_3 Signal Layers Only Length:3460 milsNetU12_6 Signal Layers Only Length:2350 milsNetU12_8 Signal Layers Only Length:2863 milsNetU13_12 Signal Layers Only Length:3698 milsNetU13_13 Signal Layers Only Length:10817 milsNetU13_2 Signal Layers Only Length:13488 milsNetU13_6 Signal Layers Only Length:3087 milsNetU14_11 Signal Layers Only Length:2020 milsNetU14_12 Signal Layers Only Length:3299 milsNetU14_13 Signal Layers Only Length:3092 milsNetU14_14 Signal Layers Only Length:2248 milsNetU14_2 Signal Layers Only Length:3447 milsNetU14_9 Signal Layers Only Length:9907 milsNetU15_11 Signal Layers Only Length:2404 milsNetU15_12 Signal Layers Only Length:2528 milsNetU15_13 Signal Layers Only Length:2528 milsNetU15_14 Signal Layers Only Length:2753 milsNetU15_2 Signal Layers Only Length:0 milsNetU16_11 Signal Layers Only Length:2384 milsNetU16_12 Signal Layers Only Length:2508 milsNetU16_13 Signal Layers Only Length:2508 milsNetU16_14 Signal Layers Only Length:2743 milsNetU16_2 Signal Layers Only Length:2688 milsNetU17_11 Signal Layers Only Length:2332 milsNetU17_12 Signal Layers Only Length:2457 milsNetU17_13 Signal Layers Only Length:2457 milsNetU17_14 Signal Layers Only Length:2639 milsNetU17_2 Signal Layers Only Length:0 milsNetU18_10 Signal Layers Only Length:2539 milsNetU18_11 Signal Layers Only Length:2539 milsNetU18_12 Signal Layers Only Length:2539 milsNetU18_13 Signal Layers Only Length:2539 milsNetU18_14 Signal Layers Only Length:3203 milsNetU18_15 Signal Layers Only Length:3413 milsNetU18_9 Signal Layers Only Length:2539 milsNetU19_10 Signal Layers Only Length:2049 milsNetU19_11 Signal Layers Only Length:2049 milsNetU19_12 Signal Layers Only Length:2049 milsNetU19_13 Signal Layers Only Length:2049 milsNetU19_14 Signal Layers Only Length:2840 milsNetU19_15 Signal Layers Only Length:2698 milsNetU19_9 Signal Layers Only Length:2049 milsNetU1_2 Signal Layers Only Length:4226 milsNetU1_7 Signal Layers Only Length:2233 milsNetU20_10 Signal Layers Only Length:2069 milsNetU20_11 Signal Layers Only Length:2069 milsNetU20_12 Signal Layers Only Length:2069 milsNetU20_13 Signal Layers Only Length:2069 milsNetU20_14 Signal Layers Only Length:2884 milsNetU20_15 Signal Layers Only Length:2724 milsNetU20_9 Signal Layers Only Length:2069 milsNetU21_10 Signal Layers Only Length:2267 milsNetU21_11 Signal Layers Only Length:2267 milsNetU21_12 Signal Layers Only Length:2267 milsNetU21_13 Signal Layers Only Length:2157 milsNetU21_14 Signal Layers Only Length:2972 milsNetU21_15 Signal Layers Only Length:2836 milsNetU21_9 Signal Layers Only Length:2267 milsNetU23_1 Signal Layers Only Length:13290 milsNetU23_8 Signal Layers Only Length:2279 milsNetU2_8 Signal Layers Only Length:867 milsNetU3_1 Signal Layers Only Length:1223 milsNetU3_5 Signal Layers Only Length:3023 milsNetU5_6 Signal Layers Only Length:4069 milsNetU5_8 Signal Layers Only Length:7740 milsVCC Signal Layers Only Length:71177 mils九、PC板信息报表Specifications For 交通灯控制逻辑电路设计.PCBOn 13-Jun-2009 at 19:37:22Size Of board 13.51 x 12.161 sq inEquivalent 14 pin components 6.28 sq in/14 pin componentComponents on board 37 Layer Route Pads Tracks Fills Arcs Text------------------------------------------------------------------------ TopLayer 0 1624 0 0 0 BottomLayer 0 1259 0 0 0 Mechanical4 0 2533 0 0 26 TopOverlay 0 182 0 22 74 KeepOutLayer 0 12 0 1 0 MultiLayer 366 0 0 0 0------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 366 5610 0 23 100 Layer Pair Vias---------------------------------------- Top Layer - Bottom Layer 7---------------------------------------- Total 7 Non-Plated Hole Size Pads Vias-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 0 0 Plated Hole Size Pads Vias---------------------------------------- 28mil (0.7112mm) 24 7 32mil (0.8128mm) 342 0---------------------------------------- Total 366 7 Top Layer Annular Ring Size Count---------------------------------- 18mil (0.4572mm) 72 22mil (0.5588mm) 7 30mil (0.762mm) 8 34mil (0.8636mm) 24 48mil (1.2192mm) 262---------------------------------- Total 373 Mid Layer Annular Ring Size Count---------------------------------- 18mil (0.4572mm) 72 22mil (0.5588mm) 7 30mil (0.762mm) 8 34mil (0.8636mm) 24 48mil (1.2192mm) 262---------------------------------- Total 373 Bottom Layer Annular Ring Size Count---------------------------------- 18mil (0.4572mm) 72 22mil (0.5588mm) 7 30mil (0.762mm) 8 34mil (0.8636mm) 24 48mil (1.2192mm) 262---------------------------------- Total 373 Pad Solder Mask Count---------------------------------- 4mil (0.1016mm) 366---------------------------------- Total 366 Pad Paste Mask Count---------------------------------- 0mil (0mm) 366---------------------------------- Total 366 Pad Pwr/Gnd Expansion Count---------------------------------- 20mil (0.508mm) 366---------------------------------- Total 366 Pad Relief Conductor Width Count---------------------------------- 10mil (0.254mm) 366---------------------------------- Total 366 Pad Relief Air Gap Count---------------------------------- 10mil (0.254mm) 366---------------------------------- Total 366 Pad Relief Entries Count---------------------------------- 4 366---------------------------------- Total 366 Via Solder Mask Count---------------------------------- 4mil (0.1016mm) 7---------------------------------- Total 7 Via Pwr/Gnd Expansion Count---------------------------------- 20mil (0.508mm) 7---------------------------------- Total 7 Track Width Count---------------------------------- 8mil (0.2032mm) 2361 10mil (0.254mm) 294 12mil (0.3048mm) 2190 20mil (0.508mm) 765---------------------------------- Total 5610 Arc Line Width Count---------------------------------- 10mil (0.254mm) 23---------------------------------- Total 23 Arc Radius Count---------------------------------- 25mil (0.635mm) 22 3895.44mil (98.94418mm) 1---------------------------------- Total 23 Arc Degrees Count---------------------------------- 90 1 180 22---------------------------------- Total 23 Text Height Count---------------------------------- 60mil (1.524mm) 97 270mil (6.858mm) 3---------------------------------- Total 100 Text Width Count---------------------------------- 6mil (0.1524mm) 23 10mil (0.254mm) 74 45mil (1.143mm) 3---------------------------------- Total 100 Net Track Width Count---------------------------------- 8mil (0.2032mm) 78---------------------------------- Total 78 Net Via Size Count---------------------------------- 50mil (1.27mm) 78---------------------------------- Total 78十、ERC规则检查Error Report For : Documents\交通灯控制逻辑电路设计.Sch 13-Jun-2009 19:53:14End Report十一、DRC规则检查Protel Design System Design Rule CheckPCB File : Documents\交通灯控制逻辑电路设计.PCBDate : 13-Jun-2009Time : 19:54:26Processing Rule : Width Constraint (Min=10mil) (Max=10mil) (Prefered=10mil) (Disabled)(On the board )Rule Violations :0Processing Rule : Width Constraint (Min=8mil) (Max=30mil) (Prefered=12mil) (On the board )Rule Violations :0Processing Rule : Width Constraint (Min=8mil) (Max=16mil) (Prefered=12mil) (Disabled)(On the board )Rule Violations :0Processing Rule : Short-Circuit Constraint (Allowed=Not Allowed) (On the board ),(On the board )Rule Violations :0Processing Rule : Broken-Net Constraint ( (On the board ) )Rule Violations :0Processing Rule : Clearance Constraint (Gap=10mil) (On the board ),(On the board )Rule Violations :0Processing Rule : Hole Size Constraint (Min=1mil) (Max=100mil) (On the board )Rule Violations :0Violations Detected : 0Time Elapsed : 00:00:00十二、PCB图十三、实验总结与心得体会在本次实验中,我设计出的原理图有39个元器件器件,且经过实验室的实物检测,实验中我选择了在电路图SCH 环境中,用同步器Design/Update PCB 调入PCB 元件,这样布局比较合理,然后在这个基础上进行调整,采用自动布线,使布线足够简单为止在Protel软件的学习中,通过老师的课堂讲解,上机实验以及课外对有关资料的借阅,对软件有了初步的理解,虽然这门课程结束了,但是我将继续提高自己在这方面的运用水平,加强理论向实践的转化。

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