一些半反应的标准电极电势 (2)

附表5 一些半反应的标准电极电势（298.15K）1. 在酸性溶液中电 极 反 应E /VAgAg+(aq) + e- ═ Ag(s)0.80Ag2+(aq) + e- ═ Ag+(aq) 1.98AgBr(s) + e- ═ Ag(s) + Br- (aq)0.071AgCl(s) + e- ═ Ag(s) + Cl- (aq)0.222AgI(s) + e- ═ Ag(s) + I－ (aq)-0.152Ag2CrO4(aq) + 2e－ ═ 2Ag(s) + CrO42- (aq) *0.447AlAl3+(aq) + 3e－ ═ Al(s)-1.676AsHAsO2(aq) + 3H+(aq) + 3e－ ═ As(s) + 2H2O(l) 0.240 H3AsO4(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- ═ HAsO2(aq) + 2H2O(l) *0.560 AuAu3+(aq) + 3e- ═ Au(s)1.52Au3+(aq) + 2e- ═ Au+(aq)1.36 AuCl4- (aq) + 3e- ═ Au(s) + 4Cl -(aq)1.002BaBa2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Ba(s)-2.92BrBr2(l) + 2e- ═ 2Br -(aq)1.0652BrO3- (aq) + 12H+(aq) + 10e- ═ Br2(l) + 6H2O(l) 1.478 C2CO2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- ═ H2C2O4(aq)-0.49CaCa2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Ca(s)-2.84CdCd2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Cd(s)-0.403ClCl2(g) + 2e- ═ 2Cl -(aq)1.358ClO3- (aq) + 6H+(aq) + 6e- ═ Cl -(aq) + 3H2O(l) 1.450 2ClO3- (aq) + 12H+(aq) + 10e- ═ Cl2(g) + 6H2O(l) *1.47 ClO4-(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- ═ ClO3- (aq) + H2O(l)1.1892HClO(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- ═ Cl2(g) + 2H2O(l) *1.611 CoCo2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Co(s)-0.277Co3+(aq) + e- ═ Co2+(aq) *1.92CrCr2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Cr(s)-0.90Cr3+(aq) + e- ═ Cr2+(aq)-0.424Cr2O72-(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e- ═ 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l)1.33CsCs+(aq) + e- ═ Cs(s)-2.923CuCu+(aq) + e- ═ Cu(s)0.52Cu2+(aq) + e- ═ Cu+(aq)0.159Cu2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Cu(s)0.34Cu2+(aq) + I -(aq) + e- ═ CuI(s) 0.86 FF2(g) + 2e- ═ 2F -(aq)2.866OF2 (g) + 2H+(aq) + 4e- ═ H2O(l) + 2F -(aq) 2.1 FeFe2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Fe(s)-0.44Fe3+(aq) + e- ═ Fe2+(aq)0.771Fe(CN)63- (aq) + e- ═ Fe(CN)64- (aq)0.361 H2H+(aq) + 2e- ═ H2(g)0.000HgHg2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Hg(l)0.854Hg22+(aq) + 2e- ═ 2Hg(l) *0.79732Hg2+(aq)+ 2e- ═ Hg22+(aq) *0.9202HgCl2(aq) + 2e- ═ Hg2Cl2(s) + 2Cl -(aq) 0.63 Hg2Cl2(s) + 2e- ═ 2Hg(l) + 2Cl -(aq) 0.2676 II2(s) + 2e- ═ 2I -(aq)0.535I3- (aq) + 2e- ═ 3I -(aq) 0.536 2IO3- (aq) + 12H+(aq) + 10e- ═ I2(s) + 6H2O(l)1.20InIn3+(aq) + 3e- ═ In(s) -0.338 KK+(aq) + e- ═ K(s)-2.924LaLa3+(aq) + 3e- ═ La(s) -2.38 LiLi+(aq) + e- ═ Li(s)-3.04MgMg2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Mg(s)-2.356MnMn2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Mn(s)-1.18MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- ═ Mn2+(aq) + 2H2O(l)1.23MnO4- (aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e- ═ Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)1.51MnO4- (aq) + 4H+(aq) + 3e- ═ MnO2(s) + 2H2O(l) 1.70 MnO4- (aq) + e- ═ MnO42- (aq)0.56 NNO3- (aq) + 4H+(aq) + 3e- ═ NO(g) + 2H2O(l)0.956NO3- (aq) + 3H+(aq) + 2e- ═ HNO2(aq) + H2O(l) *0.9342NO3- (aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- ═ N2O4(aq) + 2H2O(l) *0.803NaNa+(aq) + e- ═ Na(s)-2.713NiNi2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Ni(s)-0.257OO2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- ═ H2O2(aq)0.695O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e- ═ 2H2O(l)1.229O3(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- ═ O2(g) + H2O(l) 2.075H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- ═ 2H2O(l)1.763PH3PO4(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- ═ H3PO3(aq) + H2O(l)-0.276 PbPb2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Pb(s)-0.125PbO2(s)+SO42-(aq)+4H+(aq)+2e- ═ PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)1.69PbO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- ═ Pb2+(aq) + 2H2O(l) 1.455 PbSO4(s) + 2e- ═ Pb(s) + SO42- (aq)-0.356RbRb+(aq) + e- ═ Rb(s)-2.924SS(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2e- ═ H2S(g)0.144H2SO3(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 4e- ═ S(s) + 3H2O(l) *0.449SO42- (aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- ═ SO2(g) + 2H2O(l)0.17SO42- (aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e- ═ H2SO3(aq) + H2O(l) *0.172S2O82-(aq) + 2e- ═ 2SO42-(aq)2.01S2O82-(aq) + 2H+(aq)+ 2e- ═ 2HSO4- (aq) *2.123SnSn2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Sn(s)-0.137Sn4+(aq) + 2e- ═ Sn2+(aq)0.154SrSr2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Sr(s)-2.89TiTi2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Ti(s) -1.630 UU3+(aq) + 3e- ═ U(s) -1.66 VVO2+(aq) + 2H+(aq) + e- ═ VO2+(aq) + H2O(l) 1.00 VO2+(aq) + 2H+(aq) + e- ═ V3+(aq) + H2O(l) 0.337 ZnZn2+(aq) + 2e- ═ Zn(s)-0.7632. 在碱性溶液中电 极 反 应E /VAg2AgO(s) + H2O(l) + 2e- ═ Ag2O(s) + 2OH -(aq) 0.604 Ag2O(s) + H2O(l) + 2e- ═ 2Ag(s) + 2OH -(aq) 0.342 AlAl(OH)4- (aq) + 3e- ═ Al(s) + 4OH -(aq) -2.31 H2AlO3- (aq) + H2O(l) + 3e- ═ Al(s) + 4OH -(aq) *-2.33 AsAs(s) + 3H2O(l) + 3e- ═ AsH3(g) + 3OH -(aq) -1.21AsO2- (aq) + 2H2O(l) + 3e- ═ As(s) + 4OH -(aq) -0.68 AsO43- (aq) + 2H2O(l) + 2e- ═ AsO2- (aq) + 4OH -(aq) -0.67BrBrO-(aq) + H2O(l) + 2e- ═ Br - (aq) + 2OH -(aq) 0.766 BrO3- (aq) + 3H2O(l) + 6e- ═ Br - (aq) + 6OH -(aq) 0.584CaCa(OH)2(s) + 2e- ═ Ca(s) + 2OH -(aq) -3.02 ClClO - (aq) + H2O(l) + 2e- ═ Cl - (aq) + 2OH -(aq) 0.890 ClO3- (aq) + 3H2O(l) + 6e- ═ Cl -(aq) + 6OH -(aq) 0.622 ClO3- (aq) + H2O(l) + 2e- ═ ClO2- (aq) + 2OH -(aq) *0.33 ClO4-(aq) + H2O(l) + 2e- ═ ClO3- (aq) + 2OH -(aq) *0.36 CrCr(OH)3(s) + 3e- ═ Cr(s) + 3OH -(aq) *-1.48 CrO42- (aq) + 4H2O(l) + 3e- ═ Cr(OH)3 + 5OH -(aq) *-0.13CuCu2O(s) + H2O(l) + 2e- ═ 2Cu(s) + 2OH -(aq) *-0.360 FeFe(OH)2(s) + 2e- ═ Fe(s) + 2OH - (aq) -0.8914 Fe(OH)3(s) + e- ═ Fe(OH)2(s) + OH -(aq) *-0.56 H2H2O(l) + 2e- ═ H2(g) + 2OH -(aq) -0.8277HgHgO(s) + H2O(l) + 2e- ═ Hg(s) + 2OH -(aq) *0.0977IIO-(aq) + H2O(l) + 2e- ═ I-(aq) + 2OH -(aq) *0.485 2IO-(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 2e- ═ I2(s) + 4OH -(aq) 0.42IO3- (aq) + 3H2O(l) + 6e- ═ I-(aq) + 6OH -(aq) *0.26MgMg(OH)2(s) + 2e- ═ Mg(s) + 2OH -(aq) *-2.69MnMn(OH)2(s) + 2e- ═ Mn(s) + 2OH -(aq) *-1.56MnO4-(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 3e- ═ MnO2(s) + 4OH -(aq) 0.595MnO42- (aq) + 2H2O(l) + 2e- ═ MnO2(s) + 4OH -(aq) *0.60NNO3- (aq) + H2O(l) + 2e- ═ NO2- (aq) + 2OH -(aq)0.01 OO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e- ═ 4OH -(aq) 0.401 O3(g) + H2O(l) + 2e- ═ O2(g) + 2OH -(aq) 1.246PbHPbO2- (aq) + H2O(l) + 2e- ═ Pb(s) + 3OH -(aq) -0.54SS(s) + 2e- ═ S2-(aq) *-0.455SO42- (aq) + H2O(l) + 2e- ═ SO32-(aq) + 2OH -(aq) *-0.932SO32-(aq) + 3H2O(l) + 4e- ═ S2O32-(aq) + 6OH -(aq) *-0.571SbSbO2- (aq) + 2H2O(l) + 3e- ═ Sb(s) + 4OH -(aq) *-0.66ZnZn(OH)2(s) + 2e- ═ Zn(s) + 2OH -(aq) -1.246 3.数据摘自Petrucci, R. H., Harwood, W. S., Herring, F. G. general Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications. 8 ed. 2002.* 数据摘自 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 82 ed. 2001～2002.氢 2.1 锂 0.98 铍 1.57 硼 2.04 碳 2.55 氮 3.04 氧 3.44 氟 3.98 　　钠 0.93 镁 1.31 铝 1.61 硅 1.90 磷 2.19 硫 2.58 氯 3.16 　　钾 0.82 钙 1.00 锰 1.55 铁 1.83 镍 1.91 铜 1.9 锌 1.65 镓 1.81 锗 2.01 砷 2.18 硒 2.48 溴 2.96 　　铷 0.82 锶 0.95 银 1.93 碘 2.66 钡 0.89 金 2.54 铅 2.33 　　一般来说，电负性大于1.8的是非金属元素，而小于等于1.8的往往是金属元素（当然，其中也存在例外）4。