初中英语写作基本语法

初中英语写作基本语法一、句子基本结构英语句子必须包含主语(动作发出者)和谓语(动作 / 状态),核心结构有 5 种:1.主谓(S+V)主语(名词 / 代词)+ 不及物动词(vi.,不接宾语)例:She smiles.(她笑了Time flies.(时光飞逝2.主谓宾(S+V+O)主语 + 及物动词(vt.,必须接宾语)+ 宾语(名词 / 代词 / 动名词等)例:He likes English.(他喜欢英语I finished reading the book.(我读完了这本书3.主系表(S+Link.V+P)主语 + 系动词(be / 感官动词 / 变化动词)+ 表语(形容词 / 名词 / 介词短语等)常见系动词:be(是)、look(看起来)、feel(感觉)、become(变成)、seem(似乎)例:The flowers are beautiful.(花很漂亮She looks happy.(她看起来很高兴4.主谓双宾(S+V+IO+DO)主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语(人)+ 直接宾语(物)例:My mom bought me a gift.(妈妈给我买了一个礼物He told us a story.(他给我们讲了一个故事。
5.主谓宾补(S+V+O+C)主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(补充说明宾语的状态 / 动作).例:We keep the classroom clean.(我们保持教室干净The teacher asked him to stand up.(老师让他站起来二、时态(重点掌握 5 种基础时态)时态体现动作发生的时间和状态,写作中需根据语境选择:时态用法结构(肯定句)例句一般现在时经常性动作 / 客观真理主语 + 动词原形(三单加 s)She goes to school daily.(她每天上学The earth goes around the sun.一般过去时过去发生的动作主语 + 动词过去式I visited the museum yesterday.(我昨天参观了博物馆一般将来时将来发生的动作will + 动词原形 /be going to + 动词原形We will have a party tomorrow.(我们明天有派对It is going to rain.(要下雨了现在进行时现在正在进行的动作be(am/is/are)+ 动词 - ingThey are playing basketball now.(他们正在打篮球。
现在完成时过去动作对现在的影响have/has + 动词过去分词I have finished my homework.(我做完作业了She has lived here for 5 years.(她在这住了 5 年写作提示:避免时态混用,如描述过去的事情全程用一般过去时,描述日常习惯用一般现在时三、名词与冠词名词单复数可数名词:有单复数(a book → two books;bus → buses;baby → babies)不可数名词:无复数(water, money, information),表达数量用 “量词 + of”(a cup of tea)例:I have three pens.(我有三支笔She drinks a lot of water.(她喝很多水冠词(a/an/the)a/an:泛指 “一个”,a 用于辅音开头(a dog),an 用于元音开头(an apple)the:特指 “这个 / 那个”,或独一无二的事物(the sun, the Great Wall)· 零冠词:复数名词表泛指(Books are useful.)、学科 / 语言(I like math.)· 例:I saw a cat. The cat was black.(我看到一只猫,那只猫是黑色的。
四、代词代替名词,避免重复,写作中需注意人称和数的一致:人称代词:主格(I, you, he)、宾格(me, you, him)· 例:He likes her.(他喜欢她物主代词:形容词性(my book, his pen)、名词性(mine, his)· 例:This is my bag. That is yours.(这是我的包,那是你的· 反身代词:myself, yourself, themselves(强调 “自己”)· 例:She taught herself English.(她自学英语五、形容词与副词形容词:修饰名词(放名词前或系动词后)· 例:a happy girl(一个快乐的女孩);The movie is interesting.(电影很有趣· 比较级 / 最高级:单音节词加 - er/-est(tall → taller → tallest);多音节词前加 more/most(interesting → more interesting)· 例:She is taller than me.(她比我高This is the most exciting game.(这是最刺激的游戏。
1.副词:修饰动词 / 形容词 / 其他副词(常以 - ly 结尾)· 例:He runs fast.(修饰动词)She is very happy.(修饰形容词)He works extremely hard.(修饰副词)· 特殊:fast(形容词 / 副词同形)、well(副词,good 的副词形式)六、连词与句子衔接用连词连接单词、短语或句子,使文章逻辑清晰:并列连词(连接并列成分)· and(和):I like coffee and tea.· but(但是):She is young, but she is smart.· or(或者 / 否则):Hurry up, or you’ll be late.· so(所以):It rained, so we stayed at home.从属连词(连接主句和从句)· 时间:when(当… 时)、after(在… 之后)例:I was reading when he came in.(他进来时我正在看书· 原因:because(因为)例:I like summer because I can swim.(我喜欢夏天,因为可以游泳· 条件:if(如果)例:If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go out.(如果明天下雨,我们就不出去。
七、常见错误提醒句子不完整:缺主语或谓语· 错:Play football every day.(缺主语)· 对:He plays football every day.主谓不一致· 错:My sister like singing.(主语三单,动词未加 s)· 对:My sister likes singing.时态错误· 错:I go to Beijing last year.(过去的动作误用一般现在时)· 对:I went to Beijing last year.冠词遗漏 / 误用· 错:I want to be doctor.· 对:I want to be a doctor.。