2022年高三英语 阅读专题 语义理解题学案
2022年高三英语 阅读专题 语义理解题学案这类考题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测提问的方式主要有：1．What does the underlined word “...” in the first paragraph mean?2．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word?3．The underlined word “...” most probably means ________.4．The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by________.5．According to the passage，the underlined word “...” is the closest in meaning to “________”．解题技巧：1. 构词法猜词 ( 阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
)例题1：（xx年全国高考—重庆卷D篇）…The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward-looking in time. It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places. But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience. …68. The underlined phrase “out-of-the-way” in Paragraph 4 means ____________.A. far-away B. dangerous C. ancient D. secret例题2：（2004年全国高考—重庆卷D篇）…Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the oute of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”70. The underlined word “oute” in the last paragraph most probably means .A. value B. result C. performance D. connection2．利用同义近义词猜词 ( 在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。
统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义)例题1：Animals have different living habits. Some like to look for food at daytime and sleep at night, but some like to sleep at daytime and prowl at night.“Prowl” refer to 例题2：(2003全国卷C篇)…Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. … 65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?A. To encourage people to raise questions. B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation. D. To limit people’s imagination.3．利用反义词猜词 ( 对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。
在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用)例题1：Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends. “gregarious” means 例题2：In many nations there are two financial extremes (极端), from penury to great wealth.“penury”means 例题3：(2002全国高考卷E篇)A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle ; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.…74.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?A. A party designed by specialists. B. A plan requiring careful thought.C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble. D. A demand made by guests.4．利用上下文语境猜词 ( 任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。
利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点)例题1：（xx年全国高考—湖南卷B篇） …Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection. "We’ve collected foreign coins for years – since our families went on holiday to Tenerife." she explains. "That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in. …60. The underlined word "pesetas" in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _____.A. story B. collection C. inspiration D. foreign coin 例题2：（xx年全国高考—江西卷D篇）…The plants are about one meter apart. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got.68．In the first aragraph ,the word “pruning” means .A．regular cutting of the plants B．frequent watering C．regular use of chemicals D．growing the plants high in the mountain例题3：（xx年全国高考—上海卷B篇）…“But,” said Kim, “I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.” …70. The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “_____”.A. full of respect B. too confident and rudeC. lacking in experience D. too shy and quiet例题4：（xx年全国高考—山东卷A篇）…“No crime whatsoever?” ments Mahoney today. “ I just don’t buy it.” Nor should he: in 1999 the U.S. Department of education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses. …58. The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means _______A. mind B. admit C. believe D. expect5．利用定义和解释猜词 ( 有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。
释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式)例题1：Wrestling is the game which is played by two strong people; one player tried to get the other down on the floor.“wrestling” means 例题2：Scientists grow large quantities of mon mould so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs.“antibiotic” means 例题3：(2002年全国高考卷B篇)“Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.62. What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text?A. Growing interest in organic food. B. Better quality of organic food.C. Rising market for organic food. D. Higher prices of organic food.6．利用例证，复述或同等关系猜词 ( 为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。
举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如：such as, like, for example, for instance等为了强调某个观点或把某事叙述得更明白，作者有时运用不同语句来复述同一概念，这时可以利用这些重复和表达形式的变化来猜测词义虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句同等关系是指一个词、一个词组或短语在句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属于同一范畴只要我们认出其中一个或几个词或短语，即可以确定同等关系中生词的词性，作用和大概的意思)例题1：I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him. “Generous” means 例题2：You can take any of the periodicals：The World Of English, Foreign Language Teaching In School, or English Learning. “periodicals” refers to 例题3：（xx年全国高考—江苏卷E篇）William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together. ’’74.The underlined word "mingled" in the last paragraph most probably means________.A. simple B. mixed C. sad D. happy例题4：Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. “semantics” means 。
7．根据语义转折猜词 ( 有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语如：though, although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than, for one thing, for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义)例题1（xx年全国高考—广东卷B篇）…Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow? …60. The underlined word "cultivated" (paragraph 1) roughly means _______.A. encouraged B. pared C. examined D. developed例题2：（xx年全国高考—北京卷D篇）…However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject.…71. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_____”.A. try very hard B. take our timeC. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful8．利用经验和常识猜词例题1：Young Hoover died. Over a thousand people attended his funeral.“funeral” means .例题2：All the houses in the city collapsed during the strong earthquake.“collapsed” means 。
例题3：（2004年全国高考—北京卷C篇）…“I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights and sirens(警笛) going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway. The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder.” 63. The meaning of “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related to ___________ .A. shame B. hate C. anger D. fear 课后巩固练习(xx年·浙江卷)I looked across at the others：shelves of similar cameras placed along the wall，offering a wide range of slightly different prices and discounts，with each pany selling a range of models based around the same basic box. With so many models to choose from，it seemed that I would have to spend hours weighing X against Y，always trying to take Z and possibly H into account at the same time. But when I had finished，I would still have only the same two certainties that I had entered the store with：first，soon after I carried my new camera out of the shop，it would be worth half what I paid for it；and second，my wonderful camera would very quickly be replaced by a new model.58．What does the writer mean by “it would be worth half what I paid for it ”(paragraph 2)?A．He should get a 50% discount.B．The price of the camera was unreasonably high.C．The quality of the camera was not good.D．The camera would soon fall in value.(xx年·湖北卷)Both sides want peace，but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict . In part，this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it . From the parents ’ point of view，the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’ plete unreasonableness. And of course，the teens see it in exactly the same way，except oppositely. Both feel trapped.56．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.B．The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.C．The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.D．The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents. (xx年·四川卷)Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world.42．The underlined word “voice” in the second paragraph most probably means “________”．A．an idea B．a sound qualityC．a way of writing D．a world to write about(xx年·北京卷) When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.That’s why slight differences in conversational style—tiny little things like microseconds of pause—can have a great effect on one’s life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems—even in the mind of the woman herself，who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.67．The underlined word “assertiveness” in the last paragraph probably means ________.A．being willing to speak one’s mindB．being able to increase one’s powerC．being ready to make one’s own judgmentD. being quick to express one’s ideas confidently (xx年·广东卷)When something goes wrong，it can be very satisfying to say，“Well，it’s soandso’s fault.”or “I know I’m late，but it’s not my fault；the car broke down.”It is probably not your fault，but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation，you are a loser.You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation.However，you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation.This is the winner’s key to success.47．The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________.A．avoid B．accept C．improve D．consider (xx年·北京卷)There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government. Using taxpayers’ money to help a small number of people to earn high ines in the future is not one of them.68．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.A．taxpayers B．pressing callsC．college graduates D．government resources(xx年·湖南卷)The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces...It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions，” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”68．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to?A．The participants in the study.B．The researchers of the study.C．The errors made during the study.D. The data collected from the study.。
