2022高考英语一轮基础达标练题 Unit 1 Cultural relics（含解析）新人教版必修2
2022高考英语一轮基础达标练题 Unit 1 Cultural relics（含解析）新人教版必修2一、阅读理解It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight. A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, ＂Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.＂ The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight. Boston University’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物学机制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers. The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight. For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of being obese. What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a pound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.1.The passage is mainly for those_________.A. who produce wineB. who have a drinking habitC. who go on a dietD. who are eager to lose weight2.The underlined phrase＂ in moderation＂ in the first paragraph means _________.A. excitedly B. carefully C. frequently D. properly3.What can we learn from the passage?A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight.B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of being fat.C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect.D. The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear.4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A. How to do some easy experiments.B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine.C. How to prove the finding mentioned above.D. How to make wine in a healthy way.【文章大意】文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，告诉我们适量葡萄酒还会减肥。
1.B【解析】推理判断题文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的关系所以说是写给有 喝酒习惯的人的，故选B2.D【解析】猜测词义题与上句形成对比，此处指适量饮酒的人事实上能减肥，moderation＂适度＂与D 项同义，故选D4.C【解析】推理判断题文章最后讲到葡萄酒和红酒混合会破坏肥胖细胞，所以下文会证明这一观点， 故选C二、单句语法填空1．(2017·北京高考)The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.答案：that 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the little problems，且从句中缺少宾语，故用that2．(2017·天津高考)My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.答案：whose 分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后名词存在所属关系，故应用whose。
3．Mr Reed ________ (select) to represent us in the meeting has been sent to have a talk with them.答案：selected 由句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语select与其所修饰的Mr Reed之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此填selected4．It was clearly ________(evidence) that the pany was in great difficulties.答案：evident It is/was evident that ... 是常用句型，意为“很明显……”5．Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how ________(survive) without friends in life.答案：to survive “疑问词＋动词不定式”在本句中作表语，how to survive “怎么生存”6．I don't really fancy ________ (do) business with him.答案：doing fancy doing ... “想要做……”。
7．He was severely criticized and ________ (remove) from his post.答案：removed remove sb. from his post “开除某人”，此处是被动语态，因此填removed8．It is said that the early European playing cards ________ (design) for entertainment and education.答案：were designed be designed for “为……而设计”9．We ________(face) the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me?答案：could have faced 由后一分句可知，前一分句谓语应用could have done结构，表示“过去我们本来可以共同面对困难”10．All the workers ________(belong) to the factory must obey the rule.答案：belonging 由句子结构可知，此处应填belong的非谓语动词形式，workers与belong to之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。
故用现在分词belonging to作后置定语belong to无被动语态三、完形填空On Christmas Eve，an old man experienced an act of warmth from a local store.The man，who asked not to be identified，was sent home from the emergency room，still not feeling well enough to __1__.The nurses ignored that he was still dizzy and did not feel __2__ behind the wheel.The nurses insisted he was fine and helped put him in his car.Less than a mile down the road his __3__ started playing tricks on him.He thought __4__ he got something and __5__ for several minutes he would be OK.__6__， there was a St.Louis Bread pany store nearby.Then he entered the store and spoke through the window，having very little __7__.At first，the order taker could not understand him.He explained that he just needed a slice of bread，or something light and he only had a couple dollars in __8__.The girl in the window asked him to __9__ while she checked what had been left in the bakery.A few moments later she came back with a large smile on her face and __10__ in her hand.She __11__ presented a loaf of bread and a fancy chocolate cake to the man and said that they were __12__ her.The man offered up her the __13__ and it was quickly turned down.The employee asked if the man was OK to drive and offered to __14__ a police officer in the dining room to follow him home.The man was so __15__ for the generosity of the employee.Not just because she gave him enough bread to help him feel better，but she did it with a(n) __16__.He wasn't looked down upon or __17__ insultingly.The man said it helped him feel better emotionally as well after a __18__ day in the hospital.This story goes to show that one simple loaf of bread can not only __19__ a person for a few meals，but wake the __20__ and help restore the faith in mankind.1．A.eat B．driveC．survive D．walk2．A.peaceful B．nervousC．fortable D．fearful3．A.nurse B．coldnessC．car D．eyesight4．A.though B．beforeC．if D．because5．A.shopped B．cookedC．chewed D．looked6．A.Fortunately B．ImmediatelyC．Slowly D．Obviously7．A.sleep B．gasC．courage D．voice8．A.change B．controlC．shape D．number9．A.wait B．thinkC．move D．listen10．A.package B．wineC．food D．cash11．A.hesitantly B．cheerfullyC．regretfully D．calmly12．A.on B．inC．for D．with13．A.reward B．serviceC．gratitude D．money14．A.request B．orderC．forbid D．permit15．A.anxious B．readyC．grateful D．frightened16．A.ambition B．smileC．nod D．wish17．A.respected B．lovedC．treated D．admired18．A.special B．happyC．busy D．tough19．A.feed B．saveC．starve D．attract20．A.animals B．familyC．beggar D．soul【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
文章通过讲述一位身体不适的老人在医院受到的粗暴对待和在面包店受到的热情关怀，批评了势利和冷漠的社会现象，赞扬了人性的善良和热情1．B 考查动词辨析根据下文中的“behind the wheel”和“put him in his car”可知，此处指老人还没有恢复到能够自己开车的程度2．C 考查形容词辨析A项意为“平静的”；B项意为“紧张的”；C项意为“舒服的”；D项意为“害怕的”根据本句中的“he was still dizzy”可知，他还不舒服，不宜开车3．D 考查名词辨析A项意为“护士”；B项意为“寒冷”；C项意为“汽车”；D项意为“视力”根据下文老人认为自己弄点东西吃就没事了可知，他觉得自己可能太饿了，以至于有点眼花因此，应该是视力在和他开玩笑4．C 考查连词辨析根据语境可知，此处指他如果能吃点东西就会好了应用if引导条件状语从句5．C 考查动词辨析根据前面的“got something”和下文可知，此处指与吃相关的动作C项意为“咀嚼”，符合语境6．A 考查副词辨析A项意为“幸运地，幸亏”；B项意为“立刻”；C项意为“慢慢地”；D项意为“明显地”前一句讲到老人觉得如果能有东西吃可能就没事了，后面说正好附近有家面包店，所以这是幸运的。
故选A7．D 考查名词辨析A项意为“睡眠”；B项意为“汽油，煤气”；C项意为“勇气”；D项意为“声音”根据前文讲到老人感到不适、头昏眼花可知，此处指他没力气说话，所以说话声音很小8．A 考查名词辨析此处老人解释自己只有几块钱零钱，表示钱不多的意思change意为“零钱”，符合语境9．A 考查动词辨析面包店的女孩要看一下店里还有什么可给老人吃，所以她让老人稍等一下A项意为“等待”，符合语境10．C 考查名词辨析女孩是去给老人找吃的，所以她回来时应该是手里拿着食物11．B 考查副词辨析A项意为“犹豫地”；B项意为“开心地”；C项意为“遗憾地”；D项意为“冷静地”根据上一句中的“with a large smile on her face”可知，女孩找到了食物给老人吃，应会很开心12．A 考查介词辨析sth.be on sb.意为“某物由某人付账”此处指女孩说给老人的这些食物由她买单13．D 考查名词辨析前文讲到女孩要为老人买单，所以此处表示老人要把钱给女孩14．A 考查动词辨析面包店的女店员察觉到老人身体不适，因此问他能否自己开车，并请求在店里就餐的警官陪他回家request sb.to do sth.意为“请求某人做某事”，符合语境。
故选A15．C 考查形容词辨析A项意为“焦虑的”；B项意为“现成的，情愿的”；C项意为“感谢的”；D项意为“害怕的”老人非常感激店员的这种慷慨和热情16．B 考查名词辨析根据语境和上文中的“with a large smile”可知，老人之所以感谢女孩不仅仅是因为她送他吃的，也是因为女孩在做这些事的时候面带笑容17．C 考查动词辨析根据上文女孩对待老人的态度可知，他没有被瞧不起或被粗暴地对待18．D 考查形容词辨析根据上文中对老人在医院的经历可知，他受到了护士粗暴的对待，所以在医院的一天是艰难的tough意为“艰难的，不容易的”，符合语境19．A 考查动词辨析句意为：这个故事表明一条面包不仅能让人吃好几顿，还能唤醒人们的灵魂，有助于重拾对人性的信心feed意为“为……提供食物”，符合语境20．D 考查名词辨析句意为：这个故事表明一条面包不仅能让人吃好几顿，还能唤醒人们的灵魂，有助于重拾对人性的信心soul意为“灵魂，精神”，符合语境亮点句积累：This story goes to show that one simple loaf of bread can not only feed a person for a few meals，but wake the soul and help restore the faith in mankind.(最后一段)译文：这个故事表明一条面包不仅能让人吃好几顿，还能唤醒人们的灵魂，有助于人们重拾对人性的信心。
词汇积累：identify v．认出，同情 emergency n．紧急情况 present v．呈现四、单句改错1．The boy's behavior was high thought of by all the people present.________________________________________________________答案：high→highly think highly of ... “高度评价……”2．What can we do for them in return all the help they have given us?________________________________________________________答案：return后加for in return for ... “作为对……的回报”3．It is very worth making an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.________________________________________________________答案：very→well be well worth doing ... “非常值得做……”。
4．The rescue workers removed the stones in search for any survivor.________________________________________________________答案：for→of in search of ... “寻找……”5．There is no doubt what a cleaner does is harder pared with any other job in the society.________________________________________________________答案：doubt后加that There is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问……”五、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项2017～2018·洛阳市上学期尖子生第一次联考)Getting out into the great outdoors is an even better idea than you think.__1__ It also creates some wonderful summer memories for your family.Need more convincing evidence？There are some benefits of camping as a family，including how it's great for your health.It's good exercise.Let's not forget the most obvious benefit of camping. __2__ Even if you're taking a fishing trip，you're burning more calories than you'll burn sitting indoors.And if you hike or bike，you're performing cardiovascular(心血管的)exercise that will help keep your heart and lungs healthy.__3__ You've probably tried unplugging the TV at home，but short of throwing it out of the window，because kids are going to watch more than we want them to.Out in the wild，there is no television.You'll watch nature together，go exploring，and have that oneonone attention you need as a family.It is a good way to truly connect with nature.Too often we take nature for granted.In fact，spending a few days in nature with the family will teach your kids thins they may have never known before.__4__ However，in the wild they will learn how to build a fire，catch fish，see animal habitats，and all the natural architecture nature offers.You have no stress after the camping.Vacations can be stressful.Sometimes when you get home from vacations，you need another rest for your last vacation.__5__ You'll get home feeling energetic.It's even better than a cup of coffee.A．You can stay away from TV.B．They may know how to work an iPad.C．You'll meet new challenges each time.D．Sure，it saves some money if you stays in a camper.E．You're spending a lot of time performing physical activities.F．Many campers report better sleep cycles when they return from a trip.G．But once you settle into camping with your family，the stress of every day will disappear.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了和家人一起进行户外活动的好处。
段意梳理】 第一段：点明和家人一起进行户外活动会带来好处第二至五段：具体介绍了和家人进行户外活动的好处1．D 上文说走出去到户外比你想象的还要好，下文说它也能为你的家人创造一些美好的夏日回忆D项“如果你待在一个野营车里，这当然会为你节省钱”符合语境，且下文的“camping”也是提示，故选D2．E 本段的主题为“它是很好的锻炼”，而E项“你正在花费很多时间进行体育锻炼”是对下文具体内容的概括，符合语境，故选E3．A 空处是段落主题句本段主要讲到户外活动可以使你和家人远离电视，而A项“你能远离电视”概括准确，符合语境，故选A4．B 上文说“事实上和家人一起在大自然中度过几天会教会你的孩子他们之前可能不知道的事情”，再结合空后一句可知，空处应讲孩子在室内会的事情，B项“他们可能会操作iPad”，空处前后形成语义上的衔接，故选B5．G 本段的主题是露营后你会没有压力，且根据本段中的描述可知，G项“但是，一旦你适应和家人一起露营，每天的压力就会消失”符合语境，故选G。
