2022-2023年考博英语-昆明理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第40期

2022-2023年考博英语-昆明理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, or common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lash says that modern man, “tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for.” There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.【答案】大多数社会的共识来自于悠久的历史、一种完全属于自己的语言、一个共同的宗教或共同的祖先。

他们赖以生存的神话就是建立在所有这些基础之上的但是美国是一个移民国家，其移民来自许多不同的国家最近，有人强调，孤僻和自恋已经成为美国人的性格特征，正是这种性格导致了幸福感的缺乏，因为它阻止了我们达成共识，有了共识人们才不会再退缩到自我的小天地中在这项关于自恋的研究中，克里斯托弗•拉什认为现代人“受到自我意识的折磨，其解决办法不是从个人烦恼中解脱出来，而是在生活中找到意义和目的，并找到一生追求的东西由于国民士气下降，人们普遍感到不安，我们也失去了早先对国家远景和目标的认识2. 单选题Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But the one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surname beginning with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA car has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrtien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Alien, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely by coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.1.What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?2.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?3.The fourth paragraph suggests that（  ）.4.What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Para. 5)?5.Which of the following is true according to the text?问题1选项A.A kind of overlook inequality.B.A type of conspicuous bias.C.A type of personal prejudice.D.A kind of brand discrimination.问题2选项A.In both East and West, names are essential to success.B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.C.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.D.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.问题3选项A.questions are often put to the more intelligent studentsB.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC.teachers should pay attention to all of their studentsD.students should be seated according to their eyesight问题4选项A.They are getting impatient.B.They are noisily dozing off.C.They are feeling humiliated.D.They are busy with word puzzles.问题5选项A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B.VIPs in the western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.C.The campaign to eliminate alphabtism still has a long way to go.D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。

由文章第一段中的This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surname beginning with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.（对于那些尚未意识到这一劣势的人来说，这是指对那些姓氏以字母表下半部分的字母开头的人的歧视）可知A选项“一种被忽视的不公平”符合题意2.推理判断题文章第一段提出字母排序是一种隐藏的歧视；第二三段举例说明字母排序的歧视，因此D选项“某种形式的歧视太微妙以至于无法识别”符合题意3.推理判断题文章第四段介绍了从入学开始，老师们就按姓氏首字母排序安排学生的座位，很少关注那些由于姓氏首字母靠后而经常被安排在教室的后面，也很少向他们提问，因此C选项“老师们应该关注所有的学生”符合题意4.词义题由文章最后一段中的The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ.（羞辱还在继续。

在大学毕业典礼上，ABC们自豪地获得了他们的奖项；等轮到Zysman们的时候，大多数人实际上已经ZZZ了）可在推测等轮到Zysman们领奖时，其他人由于等的时间太长，差不多都会睡着了ZZZ表示“（拟声）打鼾声”，dozing off表示“打瞌睡”，因此选B5.推理判断题文章主要介绍了字母排序所带来的歧视，这种歧视是隐蔽的，是无意中导致的，因此D选项“按字母顺序排列可能会导致无意的偏见”符合题意3. 单选题You see the lightning（  ）it happens, but you hear the thunder later.问题1选项A.the instantB.for an instantC.on the instantD.in an instant【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句分析“You see the lightning____it happens”可知空格处缺少一个连词，结合句意可知选A，the instant表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，其他选项不能引导时间状语从句句意：闪电一发生，你就看到了，但随后才听到雷声4. 单选题As the great low ebb of high tech sweeps through the world of online commerce, two kinds of sites are weathering the storm. The first group is often referred to as “clicks and mortar”——online extensions of stores like Walmart or Sears. They take an existing, traditional business and extend it into the online arena. The second group provides a unique service made possible by the Internet’s special characteristics. Job sites and online auctioneer e-Bay are both good examples of the new breed of business that the Internet continues to foster.C is one of the latter group. It’s a website that provides users with online stores where they can sell shirts, mugs, and mousepads customized with their own logos and/or slogans. By itself, this is a fairly useful service, and an example of how the Internet has changed the art of marketing and customer service.C, however, is rather remarkable for another reason. Customers don’t need to print large lots of items. They don’t need to worry about shipping the goods to their customers. And they don’t need to talk to another human being to get their store “built” in the first place. The site lets you upload an image and choose what sort of item you’d like it to appear on. You can then choose how much to mark the item up—the difference between the item’s base cost and your mark-up price is your profit.Base prices are high, but understandable when you consider what does for the initial investment. An 11-ounce mug starts at $10.99. For that, prints the mug on a piece-by-piece basis, provides the ordering software, handles the money, packs it, and ships it for you. The mug’s purchaser pays shipping and handling costs; the store owner’s effort is limited to uploading the original image for the mug, setting the cost, and writing a brief description of the item.It seems to be catching on. “More and more companies come to us, who want to do some kind of merchandising, who want to offer a range of products to their users, but don’t want the hassles（麻烦事）associated with it,” says Maheesh Jain, cafepress.corn’s co-founder and vice-president. “That’s where we come in—we're one of the few companies that offer this kind of full-service solution.”But the most exciting aspect of is not its ability to help major corporations outsource（外包）and customize their merchandising efforts. What’s remarkable about the system is how simple it is to open a store. An average individual with an idea that could sell 50 T-shirts or mugs can’t justify a traditional merchandising effort, but with , users can easily bring ideas to fruition（完成）with very little time and no financial risk. Moreover, the quality of the merchandise is good; I’ve ordered a mug and a shirt from , and both were shipped relatively promptly, and arrived exactly as promised. C is an idea that’s easy to get excited about. It’s a small—but tangible example of how the Internet can change the way we live.1.The expression “weathering the storm” in the first sentence means（  ）.2.The first kind of site differs from the second kind of site in that（  ）.  3.Which of the following about C is NOT true?4.What kind of customers need C most according to its vice-president?5.What is the most outstanding about C according to the author?问题1选项A.surviving a crisisB.coming into beingC.struggling in the stormD.being dominated by a stormy high tech wave问题2选项A.the first kind sells commodities while the second offers serviceB.the first kind extends items sold beyond the traditional categoriesC.the second kind is rising while the first kind is declining in the world of online commerceD.the second kind offers untraditional jobs to people experienced ill auctioning问题3选项A.Its customers are those who want to sell things rather than buy things.B.It, along with similar sites, has changed the traditional way of marketing.C.It keeps its profit to a minimum in order to attract online customers.D.Its users don't have to transact the items to be sold face-to-face with their customers.问题4选项A.Those who sell a great variety of items.B.Those who sell unconventional commodities.C.Those who want to avoid the trouble of negotiating with clients.D.Those who have problem keeping their commodities moving.问题5选项A.The help it offers major companies in marketing their commodities.B.The conveniences it gives to companies in selling their commodities.C.The high quality of the merchandise it offers to customers.D.The speed and security it offers users to put their ideas into practice.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.词义题。

weather the storm”中的the storm是指前面的“the great low ebb of high tech（高科技的低谷）”，由文章第一段中的最后一句Job sites and online auctioneer e-Bay are both good examples of the new breed of business that the Internet continues to foster.（Job sites和online auctioneer e-Bay都是互联网继续培育的商务新品种的好例子）可推测“two kinds of sites（两类网站）”经受住了这次高科技的低谷，并生存了下来，因此A选项“危机中生存”符合题意2.细节事实题根据题干的关键词the firs kind of site和the send kind of site定位到文章第一段中，由第一段第二三四句The first group is often referred to as “clicks and mortar” —online extensions of stores like Walmart or Sears. They take an existing, traditional business and extend it into the online arena. The second group provides a unique service made possible by the Internet's special characteristics.（第一种通常被称为“实体与虚拟结合的商店”——Walmart 或Sears等商店的在线扩展。

他们将现有的传统业务扩展到在线领域第二种提供了一种独特的服务，这是由于互联网的特殊性而得以实现的） 可知第一种卖产品，而第二种卖服务，因此A选项“第一种是销售商品，第二种是提供服务”符合题意3.细节事实题由文章第四段第一句Base prices are high, but understandable when you consider what does for the initial investment.（基础价格很高这是可以理解的，考虑到CafeP为初始投资所做的工作）可知C选项“为了吸引在线客户，它将利润降到最低”表示不正确4.细节事实题根据题干关键词vice-president定位到文章倒数第二段中，由More and more companies come to us, who want to do some kind of merchandising, who want to offer a range of products to their users, but don’t want the hassles associated with it（越来越多的公司来找我们，他们想做某种商品销售，他们想向他们的用户提供一系列的产品，但他们不想做与之相关的麻烦事）可知C选项“那些想避免与客户谈判的麻烦的人”符合题意。

5.细节事实题根据题干关键词the most outstanding about C定位到文章最后一段中，由What’s remarkable about the system is how simple it is to open a store（这个系统值得注意的是，开一家商店是多么简单）和but with , users can easily bring ideas to fruition with very little time and no financial risk（但是，使用，用户可以轻松地将想法在短时间内实现，而且没有财务风险）可知D选项“它为用户提供了快速将他们的想法付诸实践的安全性”符合题意5. 单选题The newspaper did not mention the （  ）of the damage caused by the fire.问题1选项A.rangeB.levelC.extentD.quality【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析A选项range“（变动或浮动的）范围”；B选项level“水平，水准”；C选项extent“程度”；D选项“质量，品质”。

根据damage可知C选项符合逻辑，表示“损失程度”句意：报纸没有提到火灾造成的损失程度6. 单选题One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and（  ）to expressed thoughts.问题1选项A.countenancesB.dilemmasC.concessionsD.junctions【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析A选项countenance“面容，面部表情”；B选项dilemma“（进退两难的）窘境，困境”；C选项concession“让步，迁就”；D选项junction“连接，接合”由eyes可知A选项符合语境，指眼睛和面部表情的反应句意：通过注意他们的眼睛和面部表情表达思想的即时和短暂的反应，我们可以更好地理解他人7. 单选题The waste pipe is blocked; try （  ）it out with hot water, or just call the plumber to do it.问题1选项A.blushingB.crushingC.brushingD.flushing【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A选项blush“脸红”；B选项crush“压破，压碎”；C选项brush“（用刷子）刷净，刷亮”；D选项flush“发红，脸红，（用水）冲洗”根据句意可知此处指用热水冲洗，因此选D句意：排污管被堵住了，试试用热水冲洗，或者叫水管工来做8. 单选题Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full（  ）.问题1选项A.capacityB.strengthC.lengthD.possibility【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析A选项capacity“容量，能力，才能”；B选项strength“力量，毅力”；C选项length“长度，篇幅”；D选项possibility“可能，可能性”work to one's capacity 表示“充分发挥才能”句意：没有外出工作的家庭主妇们总感觉她们没充分发挥自己的全部才能9. 单选题If your car（  ）any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.问题1选项A.shall needB.should needC.would needD.will need【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。

句子是指如果车要保养的话，含有对将来情况的假设，因此从句谓语动词用should+do表示与将来事实相反的假设句意：如果您的车在前12个月需要任何保养，请将其交给授权经销商10. 单选题The fishing village of 1,480 people is a bleak and lonely place. Set on the southwestern edge of Iceland, the volcanic landscape is whipped by the North Atlantic winds, which hush everything around them. A sculpture at the entrance to the village depicts a naked man facing a wall of seawater twice his height. There is no movie theater, and many residents never venture to the capital, a 50-minute drive away.But Sandgerdi might be the perfect place to raise girls who have mathematical talent. Government researchers two years ago tested almost every 15-year-old in Iceland for it and found that boys trailed far behind girls. That fact was unique among the 41 countries that participated in the standardized test for that age group designed by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development. But while Iceland’s girls were alone in the world in their significant lead in math, their national advantage of 15 points was small compared with the one they had over boys in fishing villages like Sandgerdi, where it was closer to 30.The teachers of Sandgerdi’s 254 students were only mildly surprised by the results. They say the gender gap is a story not of talent but motivation. Boys think of school as sufferings on the way to a future of finding riches at sea; for girls, it’s their ticket out of town. Margret Ingporsdottir and Hanna Maria Heidarsdottir, both 15, students at Sandgerdi's gleaming school—which has a science laboratory, a computer room and a well-stocked library—have no doubt that they are headed for university. “I think I will be a pharmacist,” says Heidarsdottir. The teens sat in principal Gudjon Kristjansson’s office last week, waiting for a ride to the nearby town of Kevlavik, where they were competing in West Iceland’s yearly math contest, one of many throughout Iceland in which girls excel.Meanwhile, by the harbor, Gisli Tor Hauksson, 14, already has big plans that don’t require spending his afternoons toiling over geometry. “I’ll be a fisherman,” he says, just like most of his ancestors. His father recently returned home from 60 days at sea off the coast of Norway. “He came back with 1.1 million krona,” about $18,000，says Hauksson. As for school, he says，“it destroys the brain.” He intends to quit at 16, the earliest age at which he can do so legally “A boy sees his older brother who has been at sea for only two years and has a better car and a bigger house than the headmaster,” says Kristjansson.But the story of female achievement in Iceland doesn't necessarily have a happy ending. Educators have found that when girls leave their rural enclaves to attend universities in the nation’s cities, their science advantage generally shrinks. While 61% of university students are women, they make up only one-third of Iceland’s science students. By the time they enter the labor market, many are overtaken by men, who become doctors, engineers and computer technicians. Educators say they watch many bright girls suddenly flinch back in the face of real, head-to-head competition with boys. In a math class at a Reykjavik school, Asgeir Gurdmundsson, 17, says that although girls were consistently brighter than boys at school, “they just seem to leave the technical jobs to us.” Says Soirun Gensdottir, the director of education at the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture: “We have to find a way to stop girls from dropping out of sciences.”Teachers across the country have begun to experiment with ways to raise boys to the level of girls in elementary and secondary education. The high school in Kevlawik tried an experiment in 2002 and 2003, separating 16-to-20-year-olds by gender for two years. That time the boys slipped even further behind. “The boys said the girls were better anyway,” says Krlstjan Asmundsson, who taught the 25 boys. “They didn’t even try.”1.Which of the following words can best describe Sandgerdi?2.According to the passage, the reason why girls do better than boys in math at Sandgerdi is most probably the following EXCEPT（  ）.3.The fifth paragraph suggests that in the field of science（  ）.  4.Girls flinch back in the competition with boys most probably because（  ）.  5.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?问题1选项A.desolateB.poorC.bustlingD.thriving问题2选项A.boys and girls share different incentives in math learningB.the girls are more anxious about their future careerC.the boys consider that fishing doesn’t necessarily need mathD.the boys spend more time on their part time jobs问题3选项A.women have advantages over men in competitionB.women tend to be in a less embarrassing levelC.men are plying more important rolesD.Men are one third less than women in number问题4选项A.they are short of confidence in themselvesB.employers often prefer boys to take technical jobsC.they have poorer performance in technical jobsD.they are willing to leave technical jobs to boys问题5选项A.A Village In IcelandB.A Land Where Girls Rule in MathC.Boys Cleverer Than Girls?D.Science Students in Sandgerdi【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。

A选项desolate“荒凉的”；B选项poor“贫穷的”；C选项bustling“繁忙的”；D选项thriving“繁荣的”由文章第一段中的The fishing village of 1,480 people is a bleak and lonel。