时态和语态DoIwork.ppt
语法互动(十)时态和语态,中考考点 1动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成 2动词的8种时态的基本结构及区别(了解过去将来时、过去完成时的基本用法) 3被动语态的构成及主动语态和被动语态的转换 语法互动(十)时态和语态,考点一动词的时态 初中阶段应掌握的时态共有八种,即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时 1一般现在时 (1)结构:(以work为例),语法互动(十)时态和语态,语法互动(十)时态和语态,(2)用法: 表示事实、现状、性质或经常的、习惯性的动作常与seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用如: I go to school at seven every day. 我每天七点去上学 表示普遍真理如: The earth ______________ the sun. 地球绕着太阳转语法互动(十)时态和语态,goes around,表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作。
如: Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了 在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时如: Ill go shopping with my mother if she ________ tomorrow. 如果明天我妈妈有空,我将和她去购物 (3)动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下:,语法互动(十)时态和语态,is free,语法互动(十)时态和语态,2.现在进行时 (1)结构: am/is/are动词的ing形式 (2)用法: 表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用的时间状语有: now, at the moment 等当有look, listen起提示作用时,后面的句子常用现在进行时如: Are you writing a letter to your friend now? 你现在正在给你朋友写信吗? Listen! She __________ in the next room. 听!她正在隔壁唱歌语法互动(十)时态和语态,is singing,科目一考试 科目一模拟考试 仿真考试 最新试题,科目二考试 学车驾考科目二 技巧 视频 资料,Listening,表示现阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作。
如: We _____________ trees these days. 这些日子我们在植树 表示位移的非延续性动词的进行时表示动作将要发生此类词有come, go, leave, arrive, fly等,常与表示将来的时间状语连用如: They __________________ England tomorrow afternoon. 他们明天下午要去英国 (3)现在分词的变化规则:,语法互动(十)时态和语态,are planting,are leaving for,语法互动(十)时态和语态,3.一般将来时 (1)结构:助动词shall/will动词原形 (2)用法: 表示将要发生的动作或状态,常用的时间状语有: later(on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等如: I shall be eighteen years old next year. 明年我18岁了 表示某种必然的趋势如: Fish ____________ without water. 离开水,鱼就会死语法互动(十)时态和语态,will die,当吉姆到达那里时,我将给他写信。
“be going to动词原形” 也可表示将来时 a表示主观意愿、打算等如: Hes going to learn English next term. 下学期他打算学英语 b根据已有迹象能推测出可能要发生的情况如: Look at the black clouds!It __________ rain. 看那些乌云!马上要下雨了 提示 表示位移的动词的进行时常表达将来之意,如: come, go, leave, fly, start, finish等如: Shes flying to Australia next month.,语法互动(十)时态和语态,is going to,下个月她将飞往澳大利亚 4一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态句中的谓语动词要变为过去式 (1)句型结构: be动词型 I was a student last year. 去年我是名学生 Were you at home this morning? 今天早上你在家吗? Yes, I was./No, I wasnt. 是的,我在/不,我不在语法互动(十)时态和语态,行为动词型 Tom ______ to Shanghai last year. 去年汤姆去了上海。
John __________ here last year. 去年约翰没有住在这里 Did you see him just now? 你刚才看见他了吗? (2)用法: 主要表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态如:His friend was at work yesterday. 他的朋友昨天在工作 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often,always 等表示频度的时间状语连用如:,语法互动(十)时态和语态,went,didnt live,语法互动(十)时态和语态,5.现在完成时 (1)结构: have/has动词的过去分词 (过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同有些特殊变化需单独记忆) (2)用法: 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果有时与just, already, yet, recently, before,ever, never, twice, three times等时间状语连用如: I __________ the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了现在我知道电影的内容了),语法互动(十)时态和语态,have seen,表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
常与“since时间点”,“for时间段”,及how long, (ever)since, ever, before, so far, in the last/past few years, up to now, till now等时间状语连用如: Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树 So far there __________ no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息 (3)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别,语法互动(十)时态和语态,has been,一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在的影响,因此,若不强调某事对现在的影响就不用现在完成时如: I saw the movie yesterday. 我昨天看了这部电影强调电影是昨天看的) I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了强调到现在为止看过这部电影了) (4)延续性动词 在现在完成时中,如果有持续的时间状语,要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。
如:,语法互动(十)时态和语态,常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表 have arrived at/in sp, got to/reached sp, come/gone/moved to sphave been in sp have come/gone back, returnedhave been back have come/gone outhave been out have becomehave been have closed/openedhave been closed/open have got uphave been up have died______________ have left sp__________________________ have fallen asleep/gone to sleephave been asleep,语法互动(十)时态和语态,have been dead,have been away from sp,have finished/ended/completed____________________ have marriedhave been married have started/begun to do sthhave done sth have begun______________ have borrowed______________ have boughthave had have losthavent had have put onhave worn have caught/got a coldhave had a cold,语法互动(十)时态和语态,have been over,have been on,have kept,have got to knowhave known have gone tohave been in have joined/taken part in the league/the Party/the armyhave been a member of the league/the Party/the army, have been in the league/the Party/the army, have been the Partys member/the league member/the soldier 6过去进行时 (1)结构: was/weredoing (2)用法: 过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间点或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
如:,语法互动(十)时态和语态,His father fell down while he __________ his bicycle and hurt himself. 他爸爸骑自行车时摔到了,并弄伤了自己 (3)常用的时间状语: this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten, last evening, when, while (4)when和while的区别: 引导时间状语从句时,while 连接的是时间段,后常接延续性动词;而when连接的既可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词如: What was your father doing ________ your mother was cooking?你妈妈正在做饭时,你爸爸干什么呢?,语法互动(十)时态和语态,was riding,while,7过去完成时 (1)结构: had动词的过去分词 (2)用法: 表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态,也就是“过去的过去”常以by, before短语或when, before, after, until等引导的从句作为前提。
如: My teacher said she had never been to London. 我老师说过她从来没去过伦敦 When the police arrived, the thieves ___________________. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了语法互动(十)时态和语态,had run away,表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态跟现在完成时一样,也常与 how long, for three days, before 等表示一段时间的状语连用如: When Jack arrived, he learned Mary _______________ for almost an hour. 当杰克到来时,他了解到玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了 8过去将来时 (1)结构: would动词原形或was/weregoing to动词原形语法互动(十)时态和语态,had been away,考点二动词的被动语态 英语中的动词有两种语态: 主动语态和被动语态 1被动语态的构成: 助动词be及物动词的过去分词 (1)一般现在时: 主语am/is/are动词的过去分词 (2)一般过去时: 主语was/were动词的过去分词 (3)一般将来时: 主语will/shall/be going tobe动词的过去分词。
如: A bridge will be built over the river. 人们将在这条河上建一座桥 (4)现在进行时: 主语am/is/arebeing动词的过去分词如:,语法互动(十)时态和语态,A bridge is being built over the river. 人们正在这条河上建桥 (5)现在完成时: 主语have/hasbeen动词的过去分词 (6)过去进行时: 主语was/werebeing动词的过去分词 (7)过去完成时: 主语had been动词的过去分词 (8)过去将来时: 主语would be动词的过去分词 (9)含有情态动词的被动语态: 主语情态动词be动词的过去分词如:,语法互动(十)时态和语态,A bridge can be seen over the river. 人们能看到河上有座桥 (10)在使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, find, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面作宾语补足语的不定式,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to如: Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 被动结构为: A stranger was seen_________ into the building. 有人看见一个陌生人走进了这座楼。
2某些谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义,语法互动(十)时态和语态,,,to work,(1)英语中有很多动词,如: break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物如: This kind of cloth ______________ 这种布料很好洗 注意 主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响 试比较: The door wont lock.(指门本身有毛病),语法互动(十)时态和语态,washes well,Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理 (4)下列结构中的v.-ing必须用主动形式表示被动意义: want(need, require, request)“需要”v.-ing但当这些动词后接不定式时,则必须用被动形式表示被动意义如: The bike needs mending.这辆自行车需要修理 Our classroom needs to be cleaned. 我们的教室需要打扫。
be worth doing sth值得做某事如: The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读语法互动(十)时态和语态,8Last month many volunteers ____________(send) to the poor village to help the old. 9All the teachers will ___________ (invite) to the party. 10These books must ________(put) in the bookcase. 11He was made ________ (leave) his hometown. 12This kind of watch ________(sell) well.,语法互动(十)时态和语态,were sent,be invited,be put,to leave,sells,。




