人教版高二英语名词性从句用法.ppt

名词性从句 Noun clauses 名词性从句是由 if, whether, that 和 各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从 句，其作用同名词一样包括 主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和 同位语从句 一主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主 句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it代替，而本身放在句子末尾 1. It 作形式主语和 it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构， 主语从句的连接词没有变化而 it引导的强调句则是对句子 某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词 that被强调部分指人是也可用 who例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. (=In the morning the murder took place.) It is John that broke the window. (=John broke the window.) 2. 用 it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is 名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2) It is 形容词从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) It is 不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 (4) It is/was+过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said/thought/hoped/told/believed +that. 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) It is said , (reported) 结构中的主语从句不可提前。

例如： It is said that President Bush will visit our country next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (2) It happens that.., It occurs that 结构中的“ that”从句不 可提前例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (3) It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提 前例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (wrong) (4) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。

例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) 2. 作介词的宾语 例如： Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容词的宾语 例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： anxious, sure, confident, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, satisfied, content 等也可以将此类 词后的 that 从句的看作原因状语从句 4. It 可以作为形式宾语 It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语 that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。

例如： We must make it clear to the public that we are doing an important job. 7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定 词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式例如： I dont think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合 你穿 三表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构 是“主语连系动词表语从句”可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem等 .另外，常用的还有 the reason is that 和 It is because 等结构例如： 1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is why we cant get the support of the people 3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 四同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容， 一般由 that引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是 被别的词隔开例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) 定语从句中的 that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某 个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的 that是连词，只起 连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行 词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的， 其功能是对名词进行补充说明。

例如： 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明 年将出国第一个 that引导的从句是定语从句， that在从句中作宾语） 2)The news that Tomwould go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的同位语从 句， that在句中不作任何成分） 。