四级听力长对话分析

四级听力长对话分析(一)一-舌题、常用词汇/短语及句型大学英语四级考试改革以后,出题者越来越注重考查考生实际运用英语语言的能力 其中听力部分的比例由过去的20%跃升为现在的35%,共分为三部分,有两种题型 (多选和听写),考试时间为35分钟这样的变化适应了语言学习以听说为主要目 标的教学指导思想,但无疑也加大了难度本文主要分析大学英语四级考试听力 长对话部分的话题、常用词汇/短语及句型,帮助考生更有针对性地进行复习一、 四级听力长对话的总体特点大学英语四级听力长对话是考题中Section A的第二种题型,共计7道小题 (19-25题)经过短对话预热后,长对话是对考生实际交际能力的进一步检测经 统计,2006年6月至2010年6月的9套真题中,长对话设计为15-24句,约为8-12 个短对话的长度在这样篇幅的对话中,找出3-4个问题的答案还是有一定难度的 一般我们可以遵循如下原则:首先,对话的开始部分都有向考生介绍背景的功能, 所以出题的可能性不大,设题点会相对集中在对话的中间部分其次,为了更好地 确定出题位置,在播放录音之前应尽量根据所给的选项猜出听力材料的内容范围 最后一点就是,考生要熟悉长对话内容的语料,这一点也是本文讨论的重点。
二、 四级听力长对话的话题四级听力长对话取材广泛、富于变化,但是总结2006年6月至2010年6月9 次考试共计18道真题,长对话的内容大概可以分为这样几个大的方面:工作、家庭 日常生活、休闲时光、学习等关于工作的话题出现得最多,18道真题中出现了 8次,分别谈论工作压力、工作 面试、第一份工作、工作内容、换工作以及对作家的采访等话题有关家庭日常 生活的话题出现了 3次,分别涉及了买农场、居所安全问题和退休后的家庭生活 关于休闲时光的话题也出现了 3次,内容主要集中在外出旅行,其中包括为旅行做 准备、预定酒店、谈论旅游目的地等涉及学生学习生活的话题在18道真题中 出现了 2次,分别为打电话报辅导班和谈论喜欢的学科此外,2009年6月的真题 讲到了产品售后服务,2010年6月的真题讲到了孩子的零花钱问题通过对真题 的归纳总结,我们发现:如果按以上话题梳理相关的词汇/短语和句型,就能在复习 中做到有的放矢三、 四级听力长对话的常用词汇/短语及句型按照以上分类我们来总结一下四级听力长对话的常用词汇/短语及句型1•工作类大学英语教学突出实用性,即让学生毕业后能在实际工作中自如地运用英语进 行交流。
大学英语四级的听力考试也正是突出了这一特点,所以涉及工作的话题 颇多,但是很少谈论具体工作细节,大都是日常的工作情况,请大家注意这方面语 料的积累,在取得好成绩的同时,也进一步提高自己的实际英语应用能力整理历年的四级真题,我们发现2006、2007、2008、2009、2010年都出现了关 于工作的话题,应该引起考生的重视总结经常出现的相关词汇/短语如下:be responsible for, out of control, trading, financial market, work- related, changing jobs, high stress, a stressful job, an element of stress, long-term performance and success, equipment, proposal, human resources, advertising in the papers, advertising strategy, commercials, investment, profit, budget, effective communication skills, ability to work individually, retire, retirement, scheme, temporary staff, committee work, in charge of, resume, etc.以下总结工作类话题经常出现的句子/句型:Did you have time to look at my proposal?If we want to stay competitive, we need to ...We'll have to discuss ...We should consider ...It is not enough any more.We need to be more aggressive in order to keep ahead of our competitors. We'll be able to afford this.I am fed up with my job.If I stay on my present job much longer, I won't have any mind or skills left. What about salary?That is why I am interested in this job.I have done different types of things.You are really resourceful.You might just be the person we've been looking for.2•家庭日常生活类关于家庭日常生活的话题涉及面比较广,出现频率也比较高。
2009年6月的试 题出现了谈论他人退休生活的话题;2008年12月的试题是关于买农场;2008 年6月的试题涉及了偷盗事件由此给我们的提示是:要关注当前社会的热点话 题,比如房价、交通、环境、安全等总结经常出现的相关词汇/短语如下:rent, landlord, house-leasing contract, utilities, flatmate, agency fees, real estate, mortgage (按揭),down payment (首付),affordable housing(经济适用房),withdrawal, deposit, traffic jam, route, rubbish disposal station, recycle, surrounding, facility, etc.以下总结家庭日常生活类话题经常出现的句子/句型:What form of transport do you prefer to use?What are your opinions about traffic problems?There is a problem with ...I am sorry about this inconvenience.How can we afford to buy ...?We can pay a little on ...I've been told you might have a vacant room.Do you want to share with any roommates or live alone?I heard the price of the house has risen again.3•休闲时光类大学英语四级听力考试中涉及到休闲内容的材料也不少,但主要集中在旅游和预定酒店方面。
总结经常出现的相关词汇/短语如下:leisure time, motel, accommodation, annual leave, tourist attraction, resort, double room, single room, passport, pack, ready to leave, depend on, relax, check in, check-in procedure, check out, pay in advance, do some sightseeing, fantastic, peak season, low / off season, receipt, registration, flexible, souvenir, holiday brochure, group reservation, travel agency, local specialty, package tour, one-way trip, round trip, etc.以下总结休闲时光类话题经常出现的句子/句型:I am packed and ready to leave.I can't remember which bag it's in.I have planned to ...I can give you a 10% discount.I'll have to charge you 100 pounds for the night.I am going to visit ...I have also traveled a bit.It is less crowded and hotels cost less.I love train travel.Would you recommend some scenic spots for us to see here?Can you show me some of the attractions here?I'd like to know what the itinerary is.4•学习类以2009年12月的真题为例,第一篇听力长对话的内容是关于报计算机辅导班 的,其中跟学习、学科相关的词汇有:courses in computer programming, the fall semester, evening course, data processing, register, registration 等。
通过这些我们还 可以进行适当的扩展总结经常出现的相关词汇/短语如下:do research online, take / sit / pass / fail an exam, take extra lessons, compulsory courses(公共必修课),credit system and selective courses, curriculum, seminar, website, academic year, full-time student, major, thesis, freshman, degree, etc.以下总结学习类话题经常出现的句子/句型:I am looking for information on / about ...Do you want a day or evening course?Have you taken any courses?How many weeks does the course last?How much is the course?I want to do Philosophy rather than English, but my parents talked me out of it. You would have chosen ...通过对历年真题的总结,我们可以看出,听力部分考查的语料内容跟工作和日 常生活密切相关。
以上的总结只在于抛砖引玉,大量的整理工作还需要考生在备 考阶段完成笔者最后希望广大考生能够通过按部就班的复习,在大学英语四级 听力考试中取得好成绩我们可以看出,考点分布很均匀,有时几个回合包含一个考点,但极少出现一个回 合包含两个考点的情况因此当我们在一个对话回合中找到一个考点后,就可以 将精力放在后面的部分了同时,长对话的关键信息多集中在回答问题一方,这点 考生也要特别留意2•提问方式长对话的提问方式相对比较固定总结起来,提出的问题多集中在以下两方面:1) 细节例如上面真题中的20-22题;再如2009年6月真题的第20题:What do we learn about Jake's wife?但是对于细节提问的方式又是多变的,这点值得考 生在备考时总结2) 原因例如上面真题的第19题;再如2008年12月真题的第19题:Why does Simon find his retired life enjoyable?二、四级长对话的解题技巧针对以上分析的四级长对话的设题特点,我们来给大家讲解具体的解题技巧1•听前预测听前预测对于广大考生把握听力长对话的内容非常重要,放音间隔的时间应尽 可能留作预测之用。
若想有效使用这短短几十秒的时间,需把握两个原则:1) 快速阅读选项,找出关键词,推测全篇的主题下面以2008年12月的真题为 例:19. A) He can manage his time more flexibly.B) He can renew contact with his old friends.C) He can concentrate on his own projects.D) He can learn to do administrative work.20. A) Reading its ads in the newspapers.B) Calling its personnel department.C) Contacting its manager.D) Searching its website.21. A) To cut down its production expenses.B) To solve the problem of staff shortage.C) To improve its administrative efficiency.D) To utilize its retired employees' resources.快速观察19-21题的选项,我们可以发现大部分都跟工作有关,因此当听到听力 材料的第一句话:Simon, how does it feel to be retired?我们就可以推测文章主题是 关于退休后继续工作的,这样就能在正确判断主题的前提下更好地理解细节内容。
2) 迅速对比单个题目中的选项,排除明显不合题意的答案例如2008年12月 真题的19题,我们比较四个选项发现,选项C)和D)里面的关键词/短语分别是:concentrate on ... projects, do administrative work,这些都是直接谈工作的,听时 通过相对应的原文 I've also been spending more time with my family. I have traveled a bit...等内容,就可快速排除该题的干扰选项2•把握线索,分清主次我们在分析考点分布的时候曾提到,关键信息多集中在回答问题一方把握这 样的线索,就可以做到分清主次、有的放矢以2006年12月真题的第二篇长对 话为例:22. A) It was about a little animal.B) It took her six years to write.C) It was adapted from a fairy tale.D) It was about a little girl and her pet.23. A) She knows how to write best-selling novels.B) She can earn a lot of money by writing for adults.C) She is able to win enough support from publishers.D) She can make a living by doing what she likes.25. A) She doesn't really know where they originated.B) She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints.C) They popped out of her child-hood dreams.D) They grew out of her long hours of thinking.通过22题的B)选项及23题的A)、B)、C)选项可以判断出本对话的主题是 写作,而22题四个选项中的it指的是一本书。
我们还可发现23题选项的主语都 是she,或许she就是这本书的作者,那么问题的答案大多会集中在"她"的谈话中 事实也正是如此,考生可去参考2006年12月的真题及答案3•掌握提问方式上文中提到长对话多针对细节与原因提问,我们再来看一下真题中曾出现的提 问方式:1) 对于细节多用what来提问2009年12月真题的19-25题中有5道题是用 what来提问的:20. What does the man have to do before taking the course of computer programming?21. What do we learn about the schedule of the evening course?22. What does the man want to know at the end of the conversation?23. What is the man's job?25. What does the man say about an element of stress in his job?2) 对于原因用why来提问2008年12月真题的19-25题共出现3次针对原 因的提问:19. Why does Simon find his retired life enjoyable?21. Why does the company adopt the phased retirement scheme?24. Why does the man intend to grow potatoes rather than corn on the farm?每年的试题中都会出现此二类问题,考生在备考时应注意总结。
当然也出现过一些其他的提问方式,例如:2007年12月真题的22题Where does the conversation most probably take place? 2008 年 6 月真题的 20 题 How did the man mentioned in the newspaper try to win further trust from the victims?熟练掌握 提问方式,可使考生更准确地结合听力内容选出正确答案,所以对于提问方式的总 结也至关重要三、结语通过对四级听力长对话的分析,我们不难发现,四级考试越来越侧重考查学生 英语语言的综合运用能力广大考生在备考的同时,还是要切实夯实自己的语言 基础,做到能学会用,备考的过程其实也是提高自己英语语言应用能力的过程。