48个英语音标读法及记法

48个国际音标表元音12个单元音长元音[i:][][][u:][a:] 短元音[i][][][u][][e][] 8个双元音[ai][ei]i][i][][][u][au] 辅音10对清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][][ ∫ ][][tr][ts]浊辅音[b][d][g][v][z][][ ][][dr][dz]3个鼻音[m][n][] 3个似拼音[h][r][l] 2个半元音[w][j] /i/--发音要领的是：舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，舌两侧抵上齿两侧，口形偏平/i:/--发音要领是发音时舌尖抵下齿，前舌尽量抬高、舌位高于/i/：口形扁平/e/--发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比/i:/低；唇形中常，开口度比/i:/大//--发音时舌尖抵下齿；舌前部稍抬高，舌位比/e/更低；双唇平伸，成扁平形//--//是长元音发音时口张大，舌身压低并后缩，后舌稍隆起，舌尖不抵下齿双唇稍收圆//--发音时口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩，双唇稍稍收圆//--它是长元音发音时舌后部抬得比//即美式//美式//高，双唇收得更圆更小，并向前突出/u/--发音时舌后部抬起，舌身后缩，舌尖离开下齿双唇收圆，稍突出。

//--发音时舌后部尽量抬起，舌位比/u/即美式读音//英式读音//高双唇收圆并突出口形比/u/////稍小//--发音时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿，舌后部靠前部分稍抬起，唇形稍扁，开口度较大，与//相似//--//是长元音发音时舌中部比发//音时略高双唇扁平//--//是读短元音发音时舌身平放，舌中部略隆起，双唇扁平/ei/--先发/e/音，然后滑向/i/音双唇稍扁，口形从半开到合//--它由元音//滑向后元音/u/即美音和英音的//，舌位由半低到高，口形由半开到小注意将音发足/ai/--/ai/为双元音先发/a/音，然后滑向/i/音舌尖抵住下齿发此音的关键是要把/a/音发足，注意从开到合的滑动/au/--/au/或//由/a/滑向/u///舌位由低到高，口形由大到小注意将音发足/i/--发音时双唇从圆到扁，口形从开到合发好这个音的关键是首先要把后元音/a/////发足，然后滑向/i/音/i/--其发音要领是从/i/音滑向//音，美音则滑向/r/音前面的/i/发得较清楚，后面的//或/r/较弱双唇始终半开此音一定要发足//--其发音方法是从///e/音滑向//音发间时舌端抵下齿，前舌略抬起，双唇半开，此音中的//有似于/e/音，//音较轻。

/u/--发音时，嘴唇从收圆到半开发好这个音的关键是首先要把/u///音发足，然后滑向//音/p/ /b/--/p/是p的发音，/b/是b的发音双唇爆破辅音发音时双唇紧闭，憋住气，然后突灰分开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音/p/是清辅音，声带不振动；/b/是浊辅音，声带振动/t/ /d/--/t/是t的发音，/d/是d的发音舌齿爆破辅音发音时舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音/t/是清辅音，声带不振动；/d/是浊辅音，声带振动/k/ //--/k/是字母k和字母c的发音，//是字母g的读音舌后软颚爆破辅音发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软颚，憋住气，然后突然分开，气流送出口腔，形成爆破音/k/是清辅音，声带不振动；//是浊辅音，声带振动/f/ /v/--/f/是f和ph的发音，/v/是v的发音唇齿摩擦辅音发音时下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间通过，形成摩擦音/f/是清辅音，声带不振动；/v/是浊辅音，声带振动// //--////是th的发音舌齿摩擦辅音发音时舌尖轻触上齿背，气流由舌齿间送出，形成摩擦音//是清辅音，声带不振动；//是浊辅音，声带振动/s/ /z/--/s//z/是s的发音，/z/又是z的发音。

舌齿摩擦辅音发音时舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端齿龈间送出，形成摩擦音/s/是清辅音，声带不振动；/z/是浊浦音，声带振动/∫/ //--/∫/是sh的发音，//是s的发音舌端齿龈后部摩擦辅音发音时舌端靠近齿龈后部，舌身抬起靠近上鄂，双唇稍收圆并略突出气流通过时形成摩擦音/∫/是清辅音，声带不振动；//是浊辅音，声带振动/h/--/h/是字母h的发音声门摩擦辅音发音时气流送出口腔，在通过声门时发出轻微摩擦；口形随其后的元音而变化/h/是清辅音，声带不振动/m/--/m/是m的发音双唇鼻辅音发音时软颚下垂，双唇紧闭，气流从鼻腔送出/n/--/n/是n的发音舌尖齿龈鼻辅音发音时舌尖抵上齿龈，软颚下垂，气流从鼻腔送出//--//是ng的发音舌后软颚鼻辅音发音时软颚下垂，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔送出声带振动/w/--/w/是w的发音舌后软颚半元音发音时舌后部向软颚抬起，舌位高双唇收小并向前突出，声带振动发音短促，立刻滑向其后的元音/l/--/l/是l的发音舌端齿龈边辅音发音时舌尖及舌端紧贴上齿龈，舌前向硬颚抬起，气流从舌的旁边送出当此音为尾音时，将舌端抵住上齿龈，舌前下限，舌后上抬，舌面形成凹形浊辅音、声带振动。

/r/--/r/是r的发音舌尖齿龈(后部)摩擦辅音发音时舌尖卷起，靠近上齿龈后部舌两侧稍收扰双唇略突出气流通过舌尖和齿龈形成轻微摩擦浊辅音，声带振动/j/--/j/传统的国际音标的读音符号　　该音是国音字母y在词首的读音，是舌前硬颚半元音发音时舌前部向硬颚尽量抬起，舌位较高，双唇伸展成扁平状它是个浊辅音，声带振动//--//是ch的发音，//是dge的发音舌端齿龈破擦辅音发音时舌身抬高，舌端抵上齿龈后部，气流通过时发出破擦音//是清辅音，声带不振动；//是浊辅音，声带振动/ts/ /dz/传统的国际音标读音符号，新课本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括在内，破擦音/ts/、/dz/分别是字母组合ts和ds的读音舌端齿龈破擦辅音舌端先贴住齿龈，堵住气流，然后略下降，气流送出口腔/ts/是清辅音，/dz/是浊辅音/tr/ /dr/传统的国际音标读音符号新课本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括在内/tr/、/dr/分别是tr、dr的发音齿龈后部破擦辅音发音时舌身与/r/相似，舌尖贴齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的/t/后立即发/r//tr/是清辅音，/dr/是浊辅音[i:]字母组合 ee ea e ie --three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece [æ]发音字母 a--bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man[e]字母组合 ea e a--head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any[]字母组合ir ur ear er or--girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard [ε]字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u--teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada [a:] 字母组合 ar a--car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm[]发音字母 u o ou oo--up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood[]字母组合 al or au our ar--small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter[]发音字母 o a--hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watch[u:]字母组合 oo o u--food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full prude[u]字母组合 oo ou u o--look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolf[ei]发音字母 a ay ea ai ey--name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey[ai]发音字母 i y--bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye[au]字母组合 ou ow--house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town[]发音字母 o ow oa--home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal[i]字母组合 eer ear--beer deerear near here fierce idea[]字母组合ear air ere--pear bear chair air fair there where care[u]字母组合our ower--hour tour flower shower[t] tree two ten ton town twenty city[d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary[k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky [g] girl good goal goat grade long language[m] man make moon morning move come comb[n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean[] uncle bank English think thank junk  sing king morning [l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul[r] read red right run room write[f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough [v] very evening even every voice vest of[s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf [z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those [] that this those these though[∫] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention [h] hot hop home house horse how who [w] when what where window wind wood [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow [] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach [] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk [tr] tree country try treat track trunk [dr] dry dream drop drive drink [ts] students boots boats goats nuts [dz] goods woods moods hoods 。