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2014考研英语经典模拟题及答案2

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  • 2014考研英语经典模拟题第二套Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Driving through snowstorm on icy roads for long distances is a most nerve-racking experience. It is a paradox that the snow, coming __1__ gently, blowing gleefully in a high wind, all the while __2__ down a treacherous carpet, freezes the windows,__3__ the view. The might of automated man is__4__ . The horses, the powerful electrical systems, the deep-tread tires, all go __5__ nothing. One minute the road feels __6__, and the next the driver is sliding over it, light as a__7__, in a panic, wondering what the heavy trailer trucks coming up__8__the rear are going to do. The trucks are like __9__ when you have to pass them, not at sixty or seventy __10__ you do when the road is dry, but at twenty-five and thirty. __11__ their engines sound unnaturally loud. Snow, slush and__12__ of ice spray from beneath the wheels, obscure the windshield, and rattle __13__your car. Beneath the wheels there is plenty of __14__ for you to slide and get mashed to a pulp. Inch __15__ inch you move up, past the rear wheels, the center wheels, the cab, the front wheels, all__16__too slowly by. Straight ahead you continue,__17__ to cut over sharply would send you into a slip,__18__in front of the vehicle. At last, there is__19__enough, and you creep back over, in front of the truck now, but__20__the sound of its engine still thundering in your ears.1. [A] up [B] off [C] down [D] on2. [A] lies [B] lays [C] settles [D] sends3. [A] blocks [B] strikes [C] puffs [D] cancels4. [A] muted [B] discovered [C] doubled [D] undervalued5. [A] for [B] with [C] into [D] from6. [A] comfortable [B] weak [C] risky [D] firm7. [A] loaf [B] feather [C] leaf [D] fog8. [A] beneath [B] from [C] under [D] beyond9. [A] dwarfs [B] giants [C] patients [D] princesses10. [A] what [B] since [C] as [D] that11. [A] So [B] But [C] Or [D] Then12. [A] flakes [B] flocks [C] chips [D] cakes13. [A] onto [B] against [C] off [D] along14. [A] snow [B] earth [C] room [D] ice15. [A] by [B] after [C] for [D] with16. [A] climbing [B] crawling [C] winding [D] sliding17. [A] meanwhile [B] unless [C] whereas [D] for18. [A] sheer [B] mostly [C] rarely [D] right19. [A] might [B] distance [C] air [D] power20. [A] with [B] like [C] inside [D] upon答案1.C 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C11.D 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.D 18.D 19.B 20.A总体分析本文描述了在冰雪覆盖的路面上开车的经历。

    文章首句为主题句,概括了这种经历的特点是“令人非常紧张”第二至四句分别介绍了下雪带来的隐患和机器变得没有多大用处从第五句到文章最后则描述了在这种不利条件下和大卡车一同行驶的紧张经历试题精解1.[精解] 本题考查短语动词辨析空格处填入的副词与动词come搭配,其分词形式作后置定语,修饰限定主语the snowcome down指“(雨、雪等)落下,降落”,如:The rain came down in torrents.(大雨滂沱因此[C]符合文意,在文中指“大雪飘落”come down也可意为“崩塌;(飞机)着陆;(价格、温度、比例)下降;下垂,向下延伸”,如:The ceiling came down.(天花板塌了下来Gas is coming down in price.(煤气价格在下降come up意为“破土而出;升起;即将发生”,如:The daffodils are just beginning to come up.(水仙花刚开始破土发芽watch the sun come up(观看日出)Her birthday is coming up.(她的生日即将来临come off意为“能被去掉或除去;发生;(计划等)成功”,如:That mark won’t come off.(那污点去不掉。

    Did the trip to Korea come off?(去韩国的事最后成了吗?)come on意为“改进,发展;开始”,如:The project is coming on fine.(这项工程进展顺利I think there’s rain coming on.(我看要下雨了2.[精解] 本题考查短语动词辨析空格处填入的动词与down搭配,相当于及物动词,其主语是the snow,宾语是a treacherous carpetlie down意为“躺下”;lay down意为“放下;记下;拟定”,如:lay down the arms/the rules(放下武器/制定规则);settle down意为“安下心来,定居”;send down只能接sb.作宾语,意为“判某人入狱”,如:He was sent down for ten years for armed robbery.(他因持械抢劫被判入狱十年因此[B]符合文意,意为“(大雪)吹落(一块毯子)”3.[精解] 本题考查动词辨析空格处填入的动词接the view作宾语,而且它与前面的2 down和freezes并列作谓语,其主语都是the snow。

    作及物动词时,block意为“堵塞,阻塞”,如:to block the road(堵住了道路)strike意为“撞击,打击,侵袭”,如:The ship struck a rock.(船触礁了The area was struck by an outbreak of plague.(这个地区爆发了瘟疫puff意为“吸,抽,喷”,如:to puff the cigar/smoke into sb.’s faces(抽雪茄/把烟往别人脸上喷)cancel意为“取消”能够和the view搭配的只有[A]block,表示“挡住视线”4.[精解] 本题考查动词辨析空格处填入的过去分词与is构成被动式的谓语,因此其动词的实际的宾语是the might(强大力量,威力)mute意为“消除或减弱声音;减弱,缓解”,如:mute the traffic noise/the criticism(减弱了车辆的噪音/委婉地提出批评)discover意为“发现,发觉”;double意为“加倍”;undervalue意为“低估...之价值,看轻”因此[A]符合文意,它与the might搭配,表示“威力减弱”。

    5.[精解] 本题考查固定短语go for nothing相当于be in vain,意为“白费,毫无用处,毫无价值”因此[A]正确,其他介词都不能与go和nothing构成搭配6.[精解] 本题考查形容词辨析feel是系动词,意为“摸起来,感觉起来”,它常与形容词构成系表结构,如:The water feels warm.(这水摸起来很暖和本题中feel的主语是the road, 因此空格处的形容词应说明“道路”的特点四个选项都可以修饰事物,comfortable一般指“(衣服、家具等)使人舒服的”,如:The bed/these shoes are very comfortable.(这床/这双鞋子很舒服weak意为“不牢固的,易损坏的”,如:The bridge is too weak to carry heavy traffic.(那座桥梁不太牢固,承受不住过多的车辆weak也可指“微弱的,隐约的”,强调不容易被看到或听到,如:a weak light/sound(微弱的光线/声音)risky意为“有危险或风险的”,如:a risky investment(有风险的投资)firm意为“坚固的,结实的,稳固的”,如:No building can stand without firm foundations.(没有稳固的基础,建筑就不牢靠。

    根据上下文,空格处的形容词应与下文“容易滑倒”相对照,因此[D]正确,强调道路“结实”7.[精解] 本题考查英语语言习惯英语和汉语中都有大量的比喻形式有些比喻的喻体大不相同,如:spend money like water(挥金如土);有些则很相似,如:as firm as a rock(坚如磐石),as light as a feather(轻如鸿毛)因此本题应选[B],文中用这个比喻形容“车子打滑时驾驶者失重的感受”loaf意为“一条(面包)”;leaf意为“树叶”;fog意为“雾”8.[精解] 本题考查介词辨析空格所在部分wondering... 是个分词结构,在句中作状语,wondering的逻辑主语是the driver,逻辑宾语是what引导的宾语从句该从句中,coming up... the rear也是一个分词短语,作从句主语trucks的后置定语空格处填入介词,其宾语是the rear(后面、后边、后部),根据文意,表示“从后面”应选[C]frombeneath和under都表示“在……之下”,beyond表示“在(或向)较远的一边”,不符合逻辑9.[精解] 本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。

    空格所在部分是一个比喻,说明卡车像什么下文出现了两个when引导的状语从句的比较:路面干燥时的行驶速度为60或70,而此时的行驶速度为25和30可见,文章在说明由于路面滑造成了行驶速度下降根据逻辑推理,行驶缓慢时从大卡车旁开过花费的时间当然较长,因此它们看起来更像giants“巨人”,而不是dwarfs“矮子”,patients“病人”或princesses“公主”因此[B]正确10.[精解] 本题考查从句引导词空格所在句子中存在比较,即,you have to pass them not... you do when the road is dry(路面滑时开车不像路面干燥时那样快),因此空格处填入的词应引导比较状语从句you do when... ,从句中do为上文动词pass的替代词[C]as可用于比较结构,表示“像……一样,如同”,如:He doesn’t earn as much as I do.(他挣的钱不如我多因此[C]正确what只能引导名词性从句,what you do表示“你做的事情”;since一般引导时间状语从句,表示“从……以后,自……以来”;that只能引导定语从句或名词性从句。

    11.[精解] 本题考查逻辑词辨析空格处填入的词出现在句首,表示上文与空格所在句子之间的逻辑关系then是副词,可用来引出额外的信息,意为“另外,还有;再者,而且”,如:She’s been very busy at work and then there was all that trouble with her son.(她工作一直很忙,另外还有儿子的一大堆麻烦事上文提到路面滑时从卡车旁开过的速度非常慢,本句则提到另一方面的问题是卡车的噪音非常大因此[D]then正确,在文中意为“而且,此外”其它选项:so表示因果关系;but表示转折关系;or表示选择关系12.[精解] 本题考查名词辨析空格处填入的名词作定语修饰iceflake意为“小薄片”,修饰snow时指“雪花”,又如:dried onion flakes(干洋葱皮片);flock一般指“(羊或鸟)群”或“一大群(人)”,如:a flock of sheep/children(羊群/一大群孩子);chip意为“碎屑,碎片,碎渣”,如:chips of wood(碎木屑);cake作名词时指“蛋糕或饼状食物”,作动词时意为“覆盖”。

    从下文可知,车轮子下溅出来的应是“雪、泥(slush)和碎冰渣”,因此[C]最符合文意13.[精解] 本题考查介词辨析空格处填入的介词与动词rattle(象声词,“格格响,嘎嘎响”)搭配,其宾语是your car,主语是上文的snow, slush and chips of ice选项中,onto表示“(朝某处或某位置运动)向,朝”,如:Move the books onto the second shelf.(把书移到第二层架子上against表示“逆着,与……相反”或“紧靠,倚”,如:We were rowing against the current.(我们划船逆水而上lean against the wall(斜靠着墙)off意为down or away from a place“从(某处落下)”,如:I fell off the ladder.(我从梯子上跌了下来along意为“沿着,顺着”,如:They walked slowly along the road.(他们沿着公路慢慢走)根据句意,应是“雪、泥和碎冰渣溅到车上,又格格作响地从车上掉下来”,因此[C]正确14.[精解] 本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。

    四个选项都是常见的简单词汇,关键要根据句子含义进行选择空格所在句子的结构是there is plenty of sth. for you to... ,其中不定式作结果状语,意为“轮子下有足够的……让你打滑并被碾成肉酱”根据句子逻辑,应是“(足够的)空间”,而非“雪”,“泥土”或“冰”因此[C]正确15.[精解] 本题考查英语成语英语讲究对称美,其表现之一为成语排列形式上的对称美,即,以介词、连词(and或or)或动词为“对称轴”,构成相同词、同词性的词、反义词或同类词的对称本题inch by inch就是以介词by为“对称轴”构成的相同词(inch)的对称,意为“一点一点地”类似结构的成语还有:head to head(交头接耳),word for word(逐词地),like for like(以牙还牙)[A]为正确项16.[精解] 本题考查动词辨析空格处填入现在分词作句子状语,其逻辑主语是youclimb一般指“(向上)攀登,(吃力地向某处)爬”,如:climb up the stairs(爬上了梯子),climb through the window(从窗口爬了出来)crawl指“(向前,身体接近地面的)爬行”,如:The baby is just starting to crawl.(宝宝刚开始会爬。

    wind作不及物动词时,意为“(路,河等)蜿蜒,曲折而行”,如:The path wound down to the beach.(这条小路弯弯曲曲通向海滩slide指“滑行,滑动”根据句意,你(驾驶者)缓慢地从大卡车旁往前开,由于路面滑,只能是“慢慢地滑过”因此[D]正确17.[精解] 本题考查逻辑词辨析空格前后是两个独立的分句,因此空格处需要填入一个连词meanwhile为副词,意为“同时”,放在句首时要么另起一句,要么与前一句用分号隔开,如:I went to college. Meanwhile, all my friends got well-paid jobs.(我上大学去了,那时我的朋友们全都找到了收入不错的工作[A]首先排除其他几个词都可作连词,unless意为“除非”,whereas常用于比较或对比两个事实,意为“然而,但是,尽管”;for意为“因为”根据句意,空格前后两个分句之间是因果关系,即,“你(驾驶者)继续笔直地往前开,因为突然超车抢道到卡车前面(cut over sharply)会使你的车滑倒”,因此[D]正确18.[精解] 本题考查副词辨析空格处应填入一个副词,修饰介词短语in front of(在……前面)。

    sheer作副词时意为“垂直地,陡峭地”,如:The cliffs rise sheer from the beach.(悬崖从海滩上拔地而起mostly意为“主要地,一般地”,如:We’re mostly out on Sundays.(我们星期天一般不在家rarely意为“罕有,很少,不常”,如:We rarely agree on what to do.(我们很少在要做的事情上看法一致right意为“正好,恰好,直接地”,如:Lee was standing right behind her.(李就站在她身后根据文意,[D]正确19.[精解] 本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词四个选项的含义分别是might“力量”,distance“距离”,air“空气”,power“力量,势力”根据空格所在句子的含义,应选[B],表示“当有足够的车距时,你才慢慢地挪到卡车的前方”20.[精解] 本题考查介词辨析空格前的but为并列连词,连接句子中的两个状语成分,即,in front of... 和 the sound thunderingwith+名词+分词”可构成独立主格结构,作状语因此[A]正确。

    其它项作介词时,like意为“像,如同”,inside意为“在......里面”,upon意为“在......上”核心词汇或超纲词汇(1)nerve-racking (a.) intensely distressing or irritating to the nerves令神经高度紧张或极受刺激的(2)gleefully愉快地(3)high wind强风(4)treacherous(修饰人)不可信任的,背叛的,奸诈的;(修饰物)有潜在危险的如:The ice on the roads made driving conditions treacherous.(路上的冰对驾车构成隐患5)all the while一直,始终,如:We waited for three hours, all the while hoping that someone would come and fetch us.(我们等了三小时,一直希望有人会来接我们全文翻译在暴风雪中长途驱车于结冰的路上会是一种令人极度紧张的经历矛盾的是,雪一面轻轻地飘落,在强风中愉快地吹着,一面又铺成危险的毯子,封冻车窗,挡住视线机器的力量被减弱了。

    马、强有力的电子系统、深胎面的轮胎都毫无用处一分钟前路面还很结实,一分钟后司机就在上面打滑,轻飘飘地,处于恐慌之中,想着从后面突然出现的笨重的挂了拖车的卡车会干出什么事情来当你不得不开车经过这些卡车时,它们就像巨人一般这时你行驶的速度不是当路面干燥时的60或70,而是25和30并且它们的引擎听起来极其刺耳雪、泥和冰渣滓从轮子下喷洒出来,使挡风玻璃变得模糊不清,然后格格作响地从车上掉下卡车轮子下的空间很大,足以让你滑进去并被碾成肉酱你一点点的往前挪动,经过卡车的后轮,中间的轮子,驾驶室,前轮,所有这一切都是极其缓慢地滑过去的你继续笔直地往前开,因为突然超车抢道到卡车前面会使你的车滑倒,正好倒在大卡车的前面最后终于和卡车有了一段距离了,你才慢慢地往后挪,挪到另外一车道上,现在你行使在卡车的前面了,但是引擎的声音仍然震耳欲聋Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge. Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status. For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born, but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better world. Education became training; and the student was no longer the gentleman-in-waiting, but the journeyman apprentice for upward mobility. In the nineteenth century a college education began to be seen as a way to get ahead in the world. The founding of the land-grant colleges opened the doors of higher education to poor but aspiring boys from non-Anglo-Saxon, working-class and lower-middle-class backgrounds. The myth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses. And with this shift, education became more vocational: its object was the acquisition of practical skills and useful information. For the gentleman-in-waiting, virtue consisted above all in grace and style, in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish. And vice was manifested in gracelessness, awkwardness, in behaving inappropriately, discourteously, or ostentatiously. For the apprentice, however, virtue was evidenced in success through hard work. The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive, determination, and a sharp eye for opportunity. While casual liberality and even prodigality characterized the gentleman, frugality, thrift, and self-control came to distinguish the new apprentice. And while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high, the apprentice was continually becoming, striving, struggling upward. Failure for the apprentice meant standing still, not rising.1. Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?[A] Democratic ideas started with education.[B] Federalists were opposed to education.[C] New education helped confirm people’s social status.[D] Old education had been in tune with hierarchical society.2.The difference between “gentleman-in-waiting” and “journeyman” is that _____ .[A] education trained gentleman-in-waiting to climb higher ladders[B] journeyman was ready to take whatever was given to him[C] gentleman-in-waiting belonged to a fixed and high social class[D] journeyman could do practically nothing without education3. According to the second paragraph, land-grant College _____.[A] belonged to the land-owning class[B] enlarged the scope of education[C] was provided only to the poor[D] benefited all but the upper class4.Which of the following was the most important for a “gentleman-in-waiting”?[A] Manners. [B] Education. [C] Moral. [D] Personality.5. The best title for the passage is _____.[A] Education and Progress[B] Old and New Social Norms[C] New Education: Opportunities for More[D] Demerits of Hierarchical Society答案1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C总体分析 本文是一篇介绍新的教育体制观念的文章,其中叙述了该体制观念的产生及其与旧教育体制的不同之处。

    考生阅读时应着重把握新旧两种教育体制观念的不同 第一段:介绍随着民主权利的扩展以及联邦制度的削弱,产生了一种新的教育体制观念,并对该观念进行了详细的说明 第二段:指出19世纪,由于国家提供土地的学校为更多的人提供了机会,教育变得更职业化 第三段:指出教育对于两种不同社会阶层的人即“等待的绅士”和“学徒”的不同意义试题精解1.依据文章第一段内容,下面哪个论述是正确的?[A] 民主观念以教育开始[B] 联邦主义者反对教育[C] 新式教育帮助人们确立社会地位[D] 旧式教育与等级社会一致[精解]本题是推理引申题文章第一段第一句指出,随着19世纪上半叶民主权利的扩展以及随之而来的联邦主义机构的削弱,一种新的教育观念出现了接下来的内容主要是围绕这种新的教育观念展开论述从第一句话中可以得知,是民主权利的扩展带来了新的教育观念的产生,[A]项颠倒了二者的先后顺序,应排除文中提到“新”的教育观念是在联邦主义机构削弱的情况下产生的由此只能得出,新的教育观念与联邦主义有些冲突,并不能得出联邦主义者反对整个教育即[B]项的结论第二句作者指出,教育不再是对人们先前存在的地位的确定,而成了获得更高地位的手段。

    [C]项与文意相悖,因此不正确通过该句“不再”(no longer)可以推断出,从前的教育可以确定人们的社会地位,因此[D]项为正确答案2.“等待的绅士”和“熟练工人”二者之间的不同之处在于_______[A] 教育训练那些“等待的绅士”爬上更高的阶梯[B] “熟练的工人”准备着去接受所有给予他们的东西[C] “等待的绅士”属于确定的较高的社会阶层[D] 如果没有教育,“熟练的工人”不能做任何实际的事情[精解] 本题考查了具体的细节解题的关键在于考生对文中关于两类人的论述的把握文章第一段末句提到,教育成了培训,学生也不再是等在那里的绅士,而是要提升自己经济地位的熟练学徒由此可知,“学徒”与“绅士”的不同就是,绅士不用将教育当成工具去努力争取社会地位,因此可以推测出绅士们属于较高的社会阶层[C]为正确选项文中提到教育训练学徒们而非绅士爬上更高的阶梯,所以[A]项错误,[B]项和[D]项在文中没有相关论述3.根据第二段,国家赠与土地的学校_________[A] 属于土地所有者阶级[B] 扩大了教育的范围[C] 仅为穷人提供(教育)[D] 使除了上层社会的人之外的所有的人受益[精解] 本题考查了事实细节。

    解此类题的关键是根据题干定位到原文Land-grant College一词出现在第二段第二句话:国家赠予土地的学校的建立为那些来自非盎格鲁·萨克逊血统、工人阶级和中下层背景的贫穷但有抱负的男孩们敞开了享受高等教育的大门由此可知,[B]项为正确答案作者提到为穷人提供了更多的机会,却并没有将上层人士排除在外,也未曾说明只有穷人才能从中获益因此[C]项和[D]项错误[A]项中土地所有者阶级是由land-grant colleges一词字面意思得来,文中没有依据4.下述哪一项内容对gentleman-in-waiting最重要?[A] 行为举止 [B] 教育 [C] 道德 [D] 个性[精解] 本题考查了事实细节文章第三段一开始,作者就提到,对于绅士们来说,美德首先包括了高雅和风度,与其身份地位相符的行为方式,教育仅仅是学会高雅的一种方式而已由此可见,在绅士们眼中,[A]项“行为举止”是最重要的[B]项与原文不符,[C]项和[D]项在原文中没有明显的论述5.最适合这篇文章的题目是______[A] 教育和进步[B] 新旧社会准则[C] 新式教育:为更多的人提供机会[D] 等级社会的缺点[精解] 本题考查了文章的主旨大意。

    考生需通篇把握全文,不应将注意力放到某个事实细节上文章一开始就提到民主权利的延展和联邦主义的削弱带来了新教育制度的出现接下来,作者主要介绍了这一新的教育观念的内涵,及其与旧式教育观念的异同并对新旧两种教育体制下的学生进行比较纵览全文可以推断,文章主要讲的是新的教育观念,并未涉及教育的发展问题、社会准则问题,所以[A]、[B]项都错误[D]项虽然在文中有所提及,但只是部分内容,不能概括全文主旨[C]项为最佳答案核心词汇或超纲词汇(1)extension(n.)延长,扩充(的范围);普及,推广(2)ensue(v.)随之发生;追求[随](3)confirmation(n.)证实,确认,批准(4)upward(a./ad.)向上的(地);上升的(地);增长的(地);upwardly(ad.)在上面地,向上地(5)mobile(a.)流动的;易变的;(社会地位等)升降很大的(6)apprentice(n./v.)(当)学徒;实习生(7)polish(n.)磨光,光泽;优雅,精良(v.)擦亮;推敲;使完美或完善(8)ostentatious(a.)装饰表面的;卖弄的,夸耀的;ostentate(v.)ostentation(n.)(9)liberality(n.)慷慨,大方;宽大,磊落全文翻译随着19世纪上半叶民主权利的扩展和接踵而至的联邦体制的衰退,一种新的教育观念开始浮现出来。

    教育不再是对先前存在的地位的确认,而成了获得更高地位的工具对于不断进步的新一代学生来说,教育的目标不是培养他们在自己出生的环境中舒适地生活,而是教给他们一些新的品德和技能,从而把他们推进一个不同的更好的世界教育变成了训练,学生也不再是“等待的绅士”,而成了一些寻求提高社会地位的职业学徒在19世纪,大学教育开始被看成是跻身世界前列的一种手段国家赠予土地的大学为那些来自非盎格鲁.萨克孙血统,工人阶级以及社会中下层的贫穷而有抱负的男孩们敞开了高等教育的大门那些完成大学学业而获得成功的穷孩子的神话驱使数百万的穷人孩子涌入新的大学校园随着这种转变,教育变得更加职业化:教育的目标是获取实用的技术和有用的信息对于那些准绅士来说,美德首先包括高雅的风度和作风,及符合自己身份地位的表现;教育仅仅是达到优雅的一种方式而笨拙,粗俗,无礼,招摇等都是恶行的表现而对于那些学徒来说,美德表现在通过努力获得的成功中人物必备的品质不是优雅风度而是积极,决心和寻找机会的锐利的眼光当懒散的自由化及至挥霍浪费成了绅士的特色时,节俭,自制就成了新学徒的标志绅士的社会地位已经很高,因此不再渴望更高的社会地位,而学徒却一直努力地向上攀登。

    对于学徒来说,原地不动,没有上升就意味着失败Text 2One meaning of the Greek word “dran” is to accomplish, and in this meaning lies a further key to the structure of drama. A play concerns a human agent attempting to accomplish some purpose. In tragedy his attempt is, in personal terms at least, unsuccessful; in comedy it is successful; in the problem play final accomplishment is often either ambiguous or doubtful.This action, from the beginning to the end of a movement toward a purposed goal, must also have a middle; it must proceed through a number of steps, the succession of incidents which make up the plot. Because the dramatist is concerned with the meaning and logic of events rather than with their casual relationship in time, he will probably select his material and order it on a basis of the operation, in human affairs, of laws of cause and effect. It is in this causal relationship of incidents that the element of conflict, present in virtually all plays, appears. The central figure of the play—the protagonist—encounters difficulties; his purpose or purposes conflict with events or circumstances, with purposes of other characters in the play, or with cross-purposes which exist within his own thoughts and desires. These difficulties threaten the protagonist’s accomplishment; in other words, they present complications, and his success or failure in dealing with these complications determines the outcome. Normally, complications build through the play in order of increasing difficulty; one complication may be added to another, or one may grow out of the solution of a preceding one. At some point in this chain of complication and solution, achieved or attempted, the protagonist performs an act or makes a decision which irrevocably commits him to a further course, points toward certain general consequences. This point is usually called the crisis; the complications and solutions which follow work out the logical steps from crisis to final resolution, or denouement. 1. According to the first paragraph of the text, a dramatist________.[A] seldom believes what he writes about[B] portrays what he experiences in the drama[C] concerns himself with the results of human effort[D] tries to convince his audience of what he believes2. A drama is arranged mainly in accordance with_______.[A] the will of the dramatist [B] the sequence of events[C] the law of dramatic art [D] the need of performance3. A dramatist usually_______ .[A] clarifies the complicated relationship in his drama[B] makes the relationship in his drama more complicated[C] hopes to see his protagonist win an easy victory[D] likes to present his protagonist as threatening fellows4. The word “crisis” (in the last line but one, paragraph 3) most probably implies _________.[A] a dangerous moment [B] the last decision[C] the crucial point [D] a brave engagement5. In the text, the author mainly deals with _________.[A] the necessity of drama in a culture[B] some social functions of dramas[C] the responsibility of dramatists[D] some key elements in drama-making答案1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D总体分析本文介绍了戏剧包含的要素。

    第一段:指出戏剧的性质由人物实现目的的结果决定第二、三段:介绍了戏剧中的要素:情节、冲突、危机、结局试题精解1. 根据文章的第一段,一个剧作家_______[A]很少相信他所写的东西[B]描述他在戏剧中的经历[C]对人类的主观努力的结果感兴趣[D]试图说服观众相信他所相信的事情[精解] 本题考查推理引申第一段第二句提到,一部戏剧和一个试图达到某种目的的人文动作者(human agent)有关接下来该段分别讲述了在悲剧、喜剧和问题剧中动作者的目的的实现情况由此可知,动作者指的是“对推动戏剧情节起很大作用的人物”,戏剧就是该人物实现其目的的过程,不同的结果决定了戏剧的性质因此,[C]是一部戏剧或剧作家所关注的,其他项都无从推知2. 戏剧主要按照_____进行安排[A] 剧作家的意愿 [B] 事件的顺序[C] 戏剧艺术的法则 [D] 表演的需要[精解] 本题考查推理引申第二段第二句提到,由于剧作家关注的是(构成戏剧情节的一系列)事件的含义与逻辑性而不是它们在时间上的关联性,因此他可能会选择素材并按照人类事件因果关系的一般规律进行排序由此可见,戏剧情节的安排由剧作家决定,[A]正确[B]中“顺序”一次太泛,如果指“时间顺序”,则在文中已经被否定。

    [C]和[D]在文中都未提及。

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