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高考第二轮复习英语湖北版专题整合突破四介词和介词短语

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  • 2013年高考第二轮复习英语湖北版 专题整合突破四、介词和介词短语真题试做1.(2012湖北高考,25)The furniture,with its modern style and bright colors,suits modern houses and their gardens,but looks______in the garden of a traditional home.A.out of question B.out of orderC.out of sight D.out of place2.(2011湖北高考,30)When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster,many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ______ younger men.A.in terms of B.in need ofC.in favor of D.in praise of3.(2010湖北高考,30)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them.A.in preference to B.in place ofC.in agreement with D.in exchange for4.(2009湖北高考,30)His efforts to raise money for his program were______because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.A.in place B.in sight C.in effect D.in vain考向分析湖北高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词短语的用法上,从近四年的湖北高考试题该部分来看,前三年都集中考查了介词in构成的介词短语的辨析,但2012年高考却考查了介词out of构成的短语的辨析,因此考生在复习备考时应注意以下几点:1.注意形式很多情况下作为选项的四个介词短语在结构形式上具有相似性,都是由相同介词+不同名词构成的介词短语。

    形虽相似,意却不同所以在做题时应注意辨别它们的含义,结合具体语境选出正确答案2.注意搭配介词是最活跃的词类之一,同一介词可以和不同词性的词搭配构成不同形式和含义的介词短语,如介词in构成的介词短语有以下几种形式:in+n.;in+n.+of;in+adj.等,考生在备考过程中要注意归纳总结常见介词构成的介词短语的含义3.注意语境湖北高考对介词短语的考查的主要特点是形相似,意不同四个结构相似的介词短语,其意义往往区别很大,这时我们一定要结合具体语境来进行选择热点例析一、常考介词的用法1.for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语(1)It is+adj.+of sb.to do sth.=sb.+be +adj.+to do sth.当形容词是表示人的属性的词汇时介词用of常见的此类形容词有:kind,good,nice,clever,stupid,foolish,considerate,polite,impolite,cruel等如:It is kind of them to help support the poor students.=They are kind to help support the poor students.他们帮忙资助贫困生真是太好了。

    2)It is+adj.+for sb.to do sth.当形容词是表示客观属性的词汇时介词用for常见的此类形容词有:important,necessary,possible,impossible等如:It is quite important for us to protect our environment.对我们来说,保护环境相当重要2.with的用法(1)with的复合结构with+名词/代词+He lay awake on the bed,with his eyes wide open.他醒着躺在床上,眼睛睁得大大的2)表示原因或理由She was shivering with cold.她冷得发抖His face was red with anger.他气得脸通红3)表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进With time passing,they have grown into big boys and girls.随着时间的流逝,他们都长成小伙子和大姑娘了Temperatures vary with the time of the year.温度随着时令而变化3.to与情感名词连用,表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”,意为“令某人……的是”to+one's+=to theof sb.这种表达法表示结果,用作状语,放在句前、句中、句后皆可。

    为了强调,可在前面加much,great等如:To my great surprise,some of my former students have suddenly come to see me today.让我大为吃惊的是,我以前的一些学生今天突然来看我二、常考的介词短语1.与介词at相关的短语at the beginning of 在……的开始at the cost of 以……的代价at the price of 以……的价格at the end of 在……的最后at the mercy of 在……支配下;任由……摆布at/on the point of 在……时刻at the risk of 冒……的险at last 最后,终于at the sight of 一看到……就……at length 终于,最后,详细地2.与介词in相搭配的短语in cash 用现金付的in need 在困难时,在贫困之中in need of 需要in want of 需要in place of 代替,取代in case(of) 以防,万一in praise of 赞扬,赞美in honor of 为纪念……in memory of 为纪念……in spite of 不管,不顾,尽管in favor of 支持,赞同in the name of 以……的名义,凭借in the eyes of 在……看来in terms of 就……而言in celebration of 为庆祝……in return 作为回报in short 总之,简言之in addition to 除了……之外in doubt 感到疑惑,难以确定in effect 实际上,生效in shape 处于良好状态,健康的in order 井井有条的,有序的in turn 依次,替换in store 准备着,贮藏着in public 公开地,当众in vain 徒劳,白费in the hope of 怀着……的期望in charge of 管理in the charge of 在……的管理下in consequence of 由于……in contrast with 与……相比in trouble 在困难中in comfort 舒适的in the direction of 在……方向in no case 绝不in no time 立刻in sight 看得见in debt 负债in difficulty 处在困难中3.与介词by相关的短语by accident 偶尔by chance 偶然by design 故意地by heart 熟记by turns 轮流by no means 决不by mistake 错误地by the way 顺便说by way of 经由by means of 用……的方法/方式4.与介词on相搭配的短语on account of 因为on behalf of 代表on the occasion of 在……时on condition that 在……的条件下on show 在展出on display 陈列on sale 出售on strike 在罢工on fire 着火on line 在线上on duty/guard 在值班on trial 在受审on exhibition 在展览on business 因公on foot 步行on purpose 故意地on the phone/radio 在电话/收音机中on the spot 当场,在现场on a trip/journey/tour 在旅行5.与out of相关的短语out of curiosity 出于好奇out of reach 够不着out of date 过期了out of order 发生故障out of patience 失去耐心out of work 失业out of control 失控out of question 毫无疑问out of reach 够不着out of the question 不可能out of danger 脱险out of fashion 不合时尚out of luck 倒霉out of touch 联系不上out of breath 气喘吁吁out of shape 变形out of sight 看不见out of balance 失衡out of range 超出范围out of trouble 摆脱困难6.其他常考介词短语和短语介词for the sake of 为了,为了……的利益according to 根据apart from 除……之外because of 由于instead of 代替,而不是owing to 由于due to 由于regardless of 不理会,不顾far from 远非,完全不是next to 其次,紧接着for one thing 一方面as a matter of fact 事实上as well as 也,还except for 除……之外as a result 结果as a consequence 结果on the contrary 相反as for 至于as to 关于beyond recognition 无法辨认beyond description 无法描述beyond doubt 不用怀疑beyond question 无可争辩beyond reach 够不到误区警示1.“介词短语辨析”易错点You'd sound a lot more polite if you make a request ______ a question.A.in search of B.in the form ofC.in need of D.in the direction of【错混透析】 B in search of“寻找”;in the form of“以……的形式”;in need of“需要”;in the direction of“朝……的方向”。

    句意:如果你以问题的形式提出要求的话,听起来会有礼貌得多答案为B项考生如果对这几个介词短语的词义不了解的话,就无从下手解题指导】近几年湖北高考多项选择题对介词的考查一直都集中在考查介词短语辨析上尤其热衷于考查同一介词+不同名词(+介词)所构成的介词短语的意义的考查做这类题目时,考生首先要掌握介词所构成的介词短语、习惯用语或固定搭配的准确意义;然后结合具体语境、语法结构、搭配、意义和上下文进行全盘考虑,选出正确答案2.介词“书写模式化”易错点He wasn't aware of the importance of review;______,he failed to pass the exam.A.as the result B.in a consequenceC.as a result D.as the result of【错混透析】 C 在这四个选项中有三个选项出现书写错误,这三个选项分别为A、B、D三项,正确形式分别是:as a result “结果”;in consequence“因此,所以”;as a result of“作为……的结果”,of后常接名词。

    故只有C项正确句意:他没有意识到复习的重要性,结果没能通过考试解题指导】 介词短语在书写时一定要注意它的冠词的搭配及名词的单复数,有些介词短语中名词要用复数,如:in ruins,in pieces;有些介词短语中的冠词只能用不定冠词,如as a result,in a word;有些介词短语不能加冠词,如:at first sight,in public等;有些介词短语有冠词和没有冠词时意义有区别,如in charge“负责,掌管”,表主动,而in the charge of“由……掌管”,表被动所以考生平时记忆和书写时一定要细致1.(2012湖北七市联考)Currently,some overseas universities are simply selling diplomas to Chinese students ______ their academic performance,so China should check in a regular basis.A.on account of B.in addition toC.regardless of D.in relation to2.(2012武汉统招适应)After the break,the lecturer went on to talk ______ about the new academic concept.A.at length B.in all C.in turn D.at most3.(2012武汉四月调研)In order not to get disturbed,I spent three hours locked in my study,______ the next day's interview.A.in anxiety for B.in preparation for C.in exchange for D.in answer for4.(2012湖北八校二次联考)Although police could be seen everywhere,they seemed to be searching the houses almost ______.A.at ease B.at random C.at risk D.at length5.(2012湖北襄阳三月调研)It is worth noting that women's earnings are well below men's ______ educational differences that are narrowing between the two sexes.A.in terms of B.in favor of C.in case of D.in spite of6.(2012湖北襄阳十二月调研)China won't act as Santa Claus again in the world's financial crisis,and there's no other candidate ______ to play the role.A.in sight B.in store C.in place D.in peace7.(2012湖北八校一次联考)Jane's always nervous when she has to make a speech;she must accustom herself to be ______ when she is with people.A.at ease B.in disguise C.at risk D.in relief8.(2012武汉武昌一月调研)Funding arrangements are already ______,with which the scientists can go on with the further research.A.in order B.in demand C.in place D.in relief9.(2012武汉二月调研)Nowadays more and more people are advised to arrange for insurance ______ that they or their family members need medical care.A.in order B.in needC.in case D.in hope10.(2012湖北八市三月联考)—I think he is taking an active part in social work.—I agree with you ______.A.in the way B.on the way C.by the way D.in a way11.(2012武汉五月供题二)After the earthquake I went there,I saw the whole town ______,and now everything has been changed.A.in ruins B.in poverty C.in disorder D.in rags12.(2012武汉五月供题三)Once the puzzle is finished,there's a special treat ______:Mickey and his friends will move around,speaking and singing well­known songs your children will love.A.in hand B.in need C.in charge D.in store13.(2012武汉五月模拟)The determined boy made it to the finishing line first ______ the fact that he got his knee injured.A.in memory of B.in charge of C.in danger of D.in spite of14.(2012武汉武昌五月调研)Most of the educators are ______ providing more freedom to the teenagers,believing that it may make them more creative and independent.A.in favor of B.in search of C.in charge of D.in need of15.(2012华中师大一附中五月模拟)______ the boss is in favor of the scheme, but he thinks improvements need to be made in many aspects.A.On the whole B.In a way C.As a result D.For the moment参考答案四、介词和介词短语命题调研·明晰考向真题试做1.D 句意:这些家具有着现代的式样和明亮的颜色,适合现代的房子和庭院,但在一个传统的家庭庭院里看起来就不合适了。

    out of question“毫无疑问”;out of order“有毛病,出故障”;out of sight“看不见的”;out of place“不合适,不协调”2.C in terms of“就……而言,从……而论”;in need of “需要”;in favor of“支持,拥护,赞成”;in praise of“称赞,表扬”句意:许多老师在被问及对校长的评价时,都表示更愿意看到他能支持并让位于那些年纪较小者故用in favor of3.D 句意:行政官员对别人施以恩惠作为交换条件,向对方索取钱财的行为是非法的in preference to“优先于”;in place of“替代,替换”;in agreement with“同意,与……一致”;in exchange for“交换”4.D in place“在合适的地方”;in sight“在视野内”;in effect“生效”;in vain“徒劳”根据后面句意“……没有人愿意从口袋里掏一分钱”可知是“化为泡影”句意:他想为他的计划筹措资金的努力化为了泡影,因为没有一个人愿意从自己的口袋里拿出一分钱创新模拟·预测演练1.C 句意:当前,一些海外大学只是将文凭卖给中国的学生而不考虑他们的学术表现,所以中国应定期对其登记检查。

    on account of “因为,由于” ;in addition to“除了……之外,另外”;regardless of “不管,不顾,不理会” ;in relation to“与……有关系”2.A 句意:休息一会儿后,演讲者继续详细地谈论了新的学术概念at length“详细地,详尽地”;in all“总计,总共”;in turn“反过来”;at most“至多”3.B 句意:为了不受打扰,我把自己锁在书房三个小时为明天的面试做准备in preparation for “为……做准备”;in exchange for“作为交换”4.B 句意:尽管到处都是警察,但他们看起来似乎是漫无目的地搜索着房子at random“随意地,任意地,漫无目的地”;at ease “放松地”;at risk“处于危险中”;at length“详尽的”5.D 句意:值的关注的是尽管两性之间受教育的差距在慢慢变小,但女性所挣得要远少于男性in terms of“就……而言”;in favor of“支持,赞成”;in case of“以防,万一”;in spite of“尽管,纵使”6.A 句意:中国将不会再在世界经济危机中充当圣诞老人的角色,并且看来也没有其他国家愿意担当此任。

    in sight“看得见,在望”in store“准备着”;in place“在适当的位置”;in peace“安静,平静”7.A 句意:当简不得不当众演说时她总是会很紧张,所以她必须让自己习惯于面对众人时尽量放松at ease“不拘束,自由自在,放松”;in disguise“乔装,假扮”;at risk“处于危险中”;in relief“如释重负的”8.C 句意:资金已经安排到位,有了钱科学家们就可以继续进行进一步的研究了in order“井然有序的”;in demand“有需要的,受欢迎的”;in place“在适当的位置”;in relief“如释重负”9.C 句意:目前越来越多的人被建议购买保险以防他们或他们的家庭成员需要医疗照顾in order“井然有序的”;in need“在困难中”;in case“以防,万一”10.D 句意:——我认为他正积极地参加社会活动——在某种程度上我同意你in a way“在某种程度上”;in the way“妨碍的,挡道的”;on the way“在路上,在途中”;by the way“顺便说一下”11.A 句意:地震后我去那儿看到整个城镇成为一片废墟,现在一切都变了。

    in ruins“成为废墟”;in rags“衣衫褴褛”12.D 句意:字谜游戏一结束,还有一场特别的消遣等着大家——米奇和他的朋友们将会一边走动一边说唱你们的孩子会喜欢的一些有名的歌曲in hand“在手头上,在控制中”;in need“在困难中”;in charge“主管,负责”;in store“预备着,即将来临”13.D 句意:尽管他的膝盖受伤了,但这个意志坚定的男孩仍然设法第一个到达终点线in memory of“为纪念”;in charge of“负责,主管”;in danger of“处于危险中”;in spite of“尽管,纵使”14.A 句意:大多数教育学家都赞同给青少年提供更多的自由,他们相信这可以使青少年们更具创造力且变得更独立in favor of“支持,赞成”;in search of“寻找,搜寻”;in charge of“负责,主管”;in need of“需要”15.A 句意:老板基本上同意了这个方案,但他认为还有许多方面需要改进on the whole“基本上,大体上”;in a way“在某种程度上”;as a result “结果”;for the moment“目前,暂时”。

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