同步北师大英语必修五新突破讲义：Unit 13 Section Ⅳ Language PointsⅡ Lesson 2Lesson 3 Word版含答案
Section Ⅳ Language Points(Ⅱ) (Lesson 2 & Lesson 3)Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1．I don't like him，because he is blind to their faults(错误)．2．The people expressed their desire(愿望) that the war (should) come to an end soon.3．The physical fitness requirements(要求) for being an astronaut are very strict.4．State media reported there were 168 people aboard(在飞机上)．5．Despite their personalities(个性)，they became best friends.6．The research center is on Harvard's campus，but it is independent of the university.7．News of their safety came as a great relief.8．The beach umbrella sheltered us from the strong sunlight，which made us comfortable.9．When the results came in，I was upset because I failed again.10．It has been hard to adjust but now I'm getting satisfaction from my work.Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1．person n．人；本人；身体→personal adj.私人的；个人的→personality n．个性，性格2．independent adj.独立的→independence n．独立3. satisfy vt.满意，满足→satisfied adj.满意的→satisfaction n．满意，满足4．require vt.要求 →requirement n．要求5．break vt.(使) 破；(纪录)打破 →broken adj.断的，破的Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1．get lost 走失，迷路2．find fault with 找……的茬3．to one's relief 令人宽慰的是4．shelter from the rain 避雨5．give up 放弃6．be patient with 对……有耐心Ⅳ.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1．He is just a small child，so you must be patient with him.2．Much to my relief ，my car was not damaged.3．My father is always finding fault with the way I do things.4．We have no idea how to persuade him to give up the idea.5．We got lost because we couldn't read the map.[寻规律、巧记忆]n.＋al→adj.to＋one's＋n.→复合短语cultural 文化的musical 音乐的additional另外的；附加的to one's surprise令某人吃惊的是to one's delight令某人高兴的是to one's satisfaction令某人满意的是背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.I find that very hard to believe. 我发现那令人难以置信。
find＋宾语＋adj.＋不定式我觉得《战狼2》这部电影看起来很令人兴奋I find the film Wolf Warrior 2 very exciting to see.2.I saw she had tears running down her cheeks at lunch today and one of the other teachers gave her a hug.今天吃午饭时，我看到她的眼泪流过脸颊，并且其中的另外一个老师拥抱了她一下have＋宾语＋doing为了惩罚他，他母亲让他站在太阳下To punish him，his mother had him standing in the sun.3.Their friends are really upset and have been waiting anxiously for more news.他们的朋友真的非常沮丧，渴望得到更多的消息have been doing她很累了她整天都在录入信件She is very tired.She's been typing letters all day. give up放弃(教材P10)They must never give up.他们将永不放弃。
give up doing 放弃(做)……； 中止(做)……give away 赠送；泄露give back 归还；使恢复give in 屈服，让步give off 放出(光，热，气味等)give out 分发，发布；放出(光，热等)；用完①He can't continue fighting.He will soon give in.他不能继续战斗下去，他很快就会投降②He gives up smoking(smoke)．他戒烟了③The news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday.市长要来我校参观的消息是昨天广播中宣布的 aboard prep.& adv.在船(飞机、车)上，上船，上飞机(教材P11)I feel that airlines should not allow newborn babies aboard their long distance flights.我认为航空公司不能允许新生儿登机进行远距离飞行1)on board＝aboard 在车(船)上go on board＝go aboard 上船(飞机；车)(2)board vt. 上车(船)(3)abroad adv. 到(在)国外；(传言等的)广泛流传go/travel abroad 去国外from abroad 从国外；从海外at home and abroad 国内外①The plane crashed，killing all 157 passengers on board.飞机坠毁，飞机上157位乘客全部丧生。
②My brother has never been abroad before，so he is very excited.我弟弟以前从未到过国外，因此他很激动③The news of his death soon spread abroad.他去世的消息很快传到了国外 upset adj.不安的，不快的vt.使烦恼，使心烦意乱(教材P12)Their friends are really upset and have been waiting anxiously for more news.他们的朋友真的非常沮丧，渴望得到更多的消息be upset over/about/at sth. 为某事感到不安be upset that... 为……感到不安(sth.) upset sb. (某事)使某人不安(sb.)upset sth. (某人)打翻/弄翻某物It upsets sb.that... 使某人心烦的是……(it 作形式主语)It upsets sb.to do sth. 做某事使某人心烦(it作形式主语)①She was quite upset at her losing her job.失业使她相当不安。
②She's very upset that you can't come.你不能来让她非常不快③It upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about it.让他不高兴的是，谁也没把这事告诉他④It upsets me to think(think) of her all alone in that big house.想到她孤身一人守着那所大房子，我就感到不舒服[语境助记] Mary's call upset me(让我难过) a lot.She told me she was upset about(感到心烦) her husband who was getting along well with a rich lady.I wanted to have a talk with her husband，telling him how upset(不安的) Mary was.But my husband insisted that I should not upset myself about(为……而自寻烦恼) such a thing because he believed Mary could solve the problem herself. relief n. 减轻，宽慰(教材P12)It'll be a real relief when they're found.当他们被发现时，这将是一个真正的解脱。
1)with relief＝in relief 欣慰地，如释重负地It is a relief to do sth. 做……是让人欣慰的to one's relief 令某人欣慰的是(2)relieve v. 减轻；解除；救援relieve sb.of... 解除某人的……①She sighed with relief when she heard the good news.听到这个好消息时，她宽慰地松了一口气②It was a great relief to find(find) that my family were all safe after the big earthquake.大地震后，看到我的家人都安然无恙，我感到极大的欣慰③He offered to relieve me of that heavy parcel.他愿意帮我拿那件沉重的包裹 shelter vi.&vt.躲避；保护 n. 住处；遮蔽物(教材P13)They might be sheltering in a cave.他们可能正躲在山洞里1)take/seek shelter from... 躲避……under the shelter of... 在……的庇护下(2)shelter from... 躲避……shelter sb.from... 保护/庇护某人以避开……①You can't shelter your brother from blame in the accident.你不可以庇护你的兄弟，使其免受事故的责难。
②We took shelter from the heavy rain in a farmhouse.我们在一个农舍里躲避大雨 desire v. 渴望，期望 n. 渴望，欲望(教材P119)Tour guides need to be independent，outgoing and have a desire to share information.导游需是独立的、外向的并有分享信息的意愿have a desiredesire to do sth. 渴望做某事desire sb.to do sth. 希望某人做某事desire that... 渴望……(从句中谓语动词用 “should＋动词原形”，should可省略)①We always desire to live in peace with our neighbors.我们一向希望邻里之间和睦相处②She desires that he (should)come at once.→She desires him to come at once.(come)她想让他马上过来③I have a strong desire to improve(improve) my life.我很想改善我的生活。
[名师点津] desire用作名词和动词作“请求”、“要求”讲时，其名词性从句(宾语从句、同位语从句等)要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可省略类似的词还有insist，request，suggest，order，recommend，demand等 satisfaction n. 满意；满足(教材P119)I think tour guides must also get a lot of satisfaction out of seeing other people enjoying themselves.我认为导游们也必须从看到其他人享受自己的生活中得到很多满足感1)to one's satisfaction 使某人满意的是with/in satisfaction 满意地be far from satisfaction 令人很不满意，远非令人满意(2)satisfy vt. 使满意，使高兴satisfied adj. 满足的，满意的be satisfied with 对……感到满意①She smiled with satisfaction.她满意地笑了。
②To our satisfaction，the problems were solved.令我们满意的是，这些问题得到了解决③She was satisfied(satisfy) with the outcome of her efforts.她对自己努力的结果很满意 requirement n. 要求，必要条件(教材P119)Can you think of any jobs where this isn't a requirement?你是否能想起没有任何要求的工作？(1)meet/satisfy one's requirements 满足某人的要求for sb.'s requirement 为某人所需to sb.'s requirement 根据某人的需求(2)require vt. 要求，需要require sb.to do 要求某人做……require that sb.(should) do 要求某人做……require doing/to be done 需要做……①To people's requirement，our government has taken good measures to solve practical problems.根据人民的需要，我们的政府采取了好措施解决实际问题。
②Some banks also require you to seek(seek) a password.一些银行也要求你寻求一个密码③All cars require mending/to be mended(mend) regularly.所有汽车都需要定期检修[名师点津] 在requirement后的表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气 (教材P11)I find that very hard to believe.我发现那难以置信要点提炼】 此句中hard to believe这个形容词＋动词不定式的结构在句中作宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质1)O.＋adj.＋to＋v. 结构中的形容词为表示难易等的形容词：hard，difficult，impossible，easy，convenient，nice，tough，pleasant等在这个结构中动词不定式中的动词与宾语有动宾关系，但使用主动形式如果动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词，则需加上适当的介词2)这个结构还可在句中作表语①Some teachers think maths difficult for some students to study.有些老师认为对一些学生来说数学很难学。
②The problem she put forward at the meeting is necessary to work out.她在会上提出的这个问题有必要解决③This kind of food you prefer is really nice to eat(eat)．你喜爱的这种食物确实好吃④The book is difficult for children to read(read)．这本书孩子们读起来很难 (教材P12)I saw she had tears running down her cheeks at lunch today and one of the other teachers gave her a hug.今天吃午饭时，我看到她的眼泪流过脸颊，并且其中的另外一个老师拥抱了她一下要点提炼】 have sth./sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事或使某物一直处于某种状态have sb.do sth. 叫某人做某事have sth.done 让别人做某事；使遭受……have sth.to do 有事要做①The old man was pleased to have someone to talk to.那位老人很高兴有人跟他说说话。
②He had his wallet stolen(steal) in the park yesterday.他的钱包昨天在公园被偷了③I'll have someone repair(repair) the bike for you.我会叫人给你修理自行车的突破(二)——情态动词表示推测语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟①I can't believe that they've been missing in the mountains for three days now！They must be so frightened.②They may have been separated from the other students and couldn't hear anyone when the thunder started，or they might have fallen behind and taken the wrong path.③ They can't be there.People would have looked there first，I'm sure.从上面的句子可知，情态动词可用来表推测，肯定的推测常用must，may，might等；否定的推测常用can't，couldn't，might not。
除此之外，情态动词可用于“情态动词＋have done”，表示对过去的事情进行推测一、把握推测语气的特点，选择恰当的情态动词1．表示肯定的推测时，各情态动词的语气从弱到强依次为：might → may → could → can → must；表示否定的推测时，may not/might not语气较弱，can't/couldn't语气较强注意：must的否定形式mustn't不表示否定推测，而是表示“不得”或“一定不要”2．情态动词表示推测时，在用法上有一些限制：①must只用于肯定句中，意为“一定，准是”You must be tired after your long walk.走了这么长时间的路你一定累了②can多用于否定句或疑问句中could可用于各种句式That can't be Mary — she's in hospital.那位不可能是Mary，她在住院Can the news be true?这条消息可能是真的吗？He could be very smart when he was a child.他小的时候肯定很聪明③may/might用于肯定句和否定句中They may not know his address.I'm not sure.他们或许不知道他的地址。
我不确信She told me that she might go to Hawaii this winter.她告诉我她今年冬天或许去夏威夷[即时演练1] 单句语法填空①He must be tired，for he has been working all day long.②I'm not sure whether he will come today.He may/might be ill today.③Tom has gone to Beijing，so you can't see him in our school now.二、确定推测的时间，正确判断动词时态1．对现在或将来的情况进行推测时，用“情态动词＋ do”You must be Mr.Smith.I was told to expect you.你肯定是史密斯先生我被告知你会来2．对此时此刻正在进行的情况进行推测时，用“情态动词＋ be ＋动词ing形式”She may be waiting for you in the entrance hall at the moment.此刻她或许正在入口处等你The police are stopping all cars.They must be looking for the escaped prisoner.警察正在查车，他们肯定正在寻找逃犯。
3．对过去的情况进行推测时，用“情态动词＋ have ＋过去分词”I didn't see Alex.He might have gone home.我没有看到亚历克斯，他或许已经回家了I couldn't have left my bag on the bus.我不可能把书包落在公交车上They must have gotten lost or they'd be here by now.他们肯定迷路了否则他们现在已经到这了[名师点津] 在特定的语境中，“might/could ＋ have ＋过去分词”不是对一件事情是否发生进行推测，而是表示本来可能发生但没有发生，或者本来可能完成却没有完成的动作，有时具有一定的感情色彩1)might have done本可以做(却没有)，有时表示很委婉的责备Honestly，the report might have been better written.说实话，这个报道本可以写得更好2)could have done本可能做(却没有做)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed it differently.他没有后悔说他做了什么，而是感觉他本可能用另一种方式表达。
[即时演练2] 单句语法填空①I hear water running.He must be having(have) a bath.②They must have arrived(arrive) in London last week，didn't they?Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Lisa may well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling.2．You can't be hungry already—you had lunch only two hours ago!3．Her teacher might not be annoyed because she usually is very patient.4．You must be hungry after the long walk.5．He may/might have forgotten(forget)me.I left him 20 years ago.6．There's a lot of noise from next door.They must be having(have) a party.7．Jack described his father，who must have been(be) a brave boy many years ago，as a strongwilled man.8．The ground is rather wet，so it must have rained(rain) last night.9．She must be(be) on her way to school.I just phoned her home and got no answer.10．There is someone outside the gate.Who can it be?Ⅱ.单句改错1．He may be at school.Classes begin at 8 o'clock.may→must2．I'm absolutely sure！They must arrive yesterday.I saw their tickets.arrive→have arrived3．Are you joking？Mark can't go to Paris.He doesn't have enough money.go→have gone4．They must live in New York，but I'm not sure.must→may/might/could5．The concert must be wonderful last night.Flore is a great conductor.be→have beenⅠ.单句语法填空1．Your requirement that she(should) wait(wait) till next week is reasonable.2．We sheltered from the rain in a doorway.3．He found the movie very exciting to watch(watch)．4．We must have the work finished(finish) before the hurricane comes.5．This restaurant seems to be characteristic(character) of vegetarian dishes.6．Much to our relief(relieve)，our performance was fully appreciated by the audience，mostly college students.7．I appreciate his independence(independent) during his college years.8．My boss expressed his satisfaction(satisfy) with my recent job.9．Led by the experienced guide，we won't get lost(lose) in the forest.10．All the students are busy getting prepared for an important exam at the moment.Ⅱ.单句改错1．They went aboard on the plane just before it started to take off. 去掉on2．Satisfying with what I said，my mother agreed that I could go swimming with my classmates. Satisfying→Satisfied3．It was great relief to find that my family were all safe. was后加a4．Mr Li required the computer equipment referred to was used in every classroom. was→be5．I really hate that when you speak with your mouth full.It's bad manners. that→itⅢ.完成句子1．去年夏天，我上了一门如何处理有毒气体的课程。
Last summer，I took a course on how to deal with poisonous gases.2．当他们登上飞机的时候，他核对了他们的名字He checked their names off as they went aboard the plane.3．带有两个门的房间住着舒服The room with double doors is comfortable to live in.4．令我感到满意的是，我的女儿在考试中得了高分To my satisfaction，my daughter got high marks in the exam.5．不是所有的商品都能满足顾客的需求Not all goods can satisfy/meet the customers' requirements.。
