川大学自动化专业英语_专业词汇的翻译(course)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,,*,Lecture 3,专业词汇（,glossary,）的翻译,,专业文献的翻译,,翻译的定义和目的,,,翻译是把一种语言的信息用另一种语言表达出来,;,,目的是使译文的读者能得到原作者所表达的思想，得到与原文读者大致相同的感受专业英语翻译标准,准确明白,：准确无误、清楚明白地表达原文含义必须正确理解原文，使译文不产生歧义,,通顺严密,：译文的选词造句符合汉语的要求和习惯，语言通畅又严密,,简练全面：,译文要简洁精炼，同时力求全面不遗漏,,专业词汇的翻译,专业术语的翻译,,专业课程名称的翻译,,根据上下文选择词义,,根据词的搭配来选择词义,,根据学科和专业选择词义,,词义的引申,,词义的转换,,a,、计量单位名称（一般采用音译）,,hertz volt ampere,newton,...,,b,、各种新型材料名词一般用音译,,nylon-,尼龙，,,Valve-,阀（门）,,X-ray x,光，,radar-,雷达,,vaseline,-,凡士林，,uranium-,铀,,morphine-,吗啡，,heroin-,海洛因,,Penicilliin,-,盘尼西林（青霉素）,1.,专业术语的翻译,,c,、由人名构成的术语，一般采用音、意混合译法,,Faraday constant,法拉第常数,(,恒量,),,Lenz's law,楞次定律,,,Joule-Thomson effect,焦耳,-,汤姆孙效应,,Mason Formula,梅森公式,,Routh,approximation method,劳思近似判据,,Nyquist,stability criterion,奈奎斯特稳定判据,1.,专业术语的翻译,,2.,专业课程名称的翻译,自动检测技术,,Auto-Measurement Technique,,传感器原理,,Principle of Sensing Device,,电路原理,,theory of circuit,,模拟电子技术,,Analog electronics technique,,数字电子技术,,Digital electronics technique,,电力电子技术,,Power electronics technique,,电气自动控制,,Electrical automatic control,,自动控制原理,,Automatic control theory,,现代控制原理,,Modern control theory,,微机原理,,,Principle of microcomputer,,计算机控制技术,,,Computer control technique,,过程控制系统,,Process control system,2.,专业课程名称的翻译,,电机学,,,Theory of electric motors,,电力拖动基础,,,Fundamental of electric drive,,电力拖动自动控制系统,,Automatic control system for electric drive,,单片机应用,,application of single-chip computer,,可编程逻辑控制器,,Programmable logical,controller(PLC,),,半导体变流技术,,Semiconductor converting Technique,,计算机接口技术,,Computer Interface Technique,2.,专业课程名称的翻译,,2.,专业英语课程名称简介,电工测量,,Electric measurement,,供电技术：,,Power supplying technique,,楼宇自动化：,,Building automation,,自适应控制：,,Adaptive control system,,电气,CAD,：,,Electrical CAD,,多媒体与网络技术：,,Multimedia and network technique,,Trying:,,大学英语,,College,english,,C,语言,,C language,,计算机操作系统,,Computer operating system,,数字信号处理,,Digital signal processing,,A: Which university did you graduate from?,,,B:I graduated,from__________University,.,,A: What subject did you major in at university?,,(=,What`s,your major?),,,B:I majored in__________.,,A: Tell me about the courses of your major in university.,,,B:I take more than 50 courses in university, including_____________________, and so on.,,A: How did you get on with your studies in university?,,,B:I did well in university. I was one of the top students in the class.,,A: What subject did you minor (,辅修,)in?,,,B:I,didn`t,minor in any subject when I was in university, but I attended ____and ______ courses.,,3.,根据上下文选择词义,1) A car needs a lot of,power,,to go fast.,,,2),Power,can be transmitted a very long distance.,,,,3) The fourth,power,of three is eighty-one.,,,4) The combining,power,of one element in the compound must equal the combining,power,of the other element.,同一词在不同场合往往有不同含义，,应根据上下文,,,即根据,专业特点,和,具体语境,来确定其确切含义。

例如：,power,,汽车高速行驶需要很大的,动力,电力,可以传送到很远的地方3,的,4,次方,是,81,化合物中一种元素的,化合价,必须等于另一元素的化合价This medicine,acts,well on the heart,．,,,Work,must be done in setting a body in motion.,,,Even though,bearings,are usually lubricated, there is friction and some wear.,,,Many chemical reaction need heat to make them,take place,这种药对心脏,疗效,很好即使经常给,轴承,润滑，还存在摩擦与一些磨损使一个物体运动时，必须做,功,很多化学反应需要热量才能,进行3.,根据上下文选择词义普通词汇的专业化,,4.,根据词的搭配来选择词义,1),large,current,,2),large,capacity,,3),large,loads,,4),large,-screen TV,,5),large,growing,,6) a,large,amount of money,,不同搭配方式可以产生不同的词义,。

例如：,large,强电流,高容量,重载,宽屏电视,生长快的,一大笔钱,,5.,根据学科和专业选择词义,医药学,,化学,,军事,,汽车制造,,无线电,,邮政业,不同搭配方式可以产生不同的词义,例如：,carrier,：,日常用语,“搬运工人、搬运车、搬运船”,“,带菌者，媒介物”,“载体”，,~ gas,“航空母舰”,“底盘”,“载波”,“邮递员”,,1) The chemical sensor will do,most of the things,a worker will do.,,,2) Quantum chemistry is still,in its infancy.,,,,3) When polymers,are fabricated,into useful articles, they are referred to as plastics, rubbers, and fibers.,,,,6.,词义的引申,若无法从字典等工具书上找到直接、恰当、准确的解释，可按照汉语的表达习惯，对词义加以引申化学传感器能胜任一位工人所能做的,大部分工作,量子化学仍处于,发展初期,当聚合物,加工成,有用的制品时，就把它称为塑料、橡胶和纤维,,1) Despite all the,improvements,, rubber still has a number of limitations.,,,2) Boiling point,is defined,as the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere.,,,,,Mercury,weighs,about thirteen times as much as water,7.,词义的转换,由于英汉两种语言结构与表达方式的不同， 有些句子在汉译时不能逐词对译，需要作恰当的转换。

尽管,改进,了很多，但合成橡胶仍有一些缺陷n,→,v),沸点,的,定义,就是气压等于大气压时的温度v,→,,n),水银的,重量,约为水的,13,倍,v →n ),,,Noises may,develop,in a worn engine.,,Shorts frequently,develop,when insulation is worn.,,Sure enough, 80 percent of the plants,developed,the disease.,,Other isolation methods are being,developed.,,In,developing,the design, we must consider the feasibility of processing.,,After the war much of this knowledge was poured into the,developing,of the computers.,Try to translate the following words into Chinese,产生,发生,染上,研究,进行,开发,exercises,,。