2023年英语语法及知识点专题练习

英语语法及知识点专题练习（定语从句）V一． 什么叫定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句定语从句有限定性从句和非限定性从句在初中阶段多为限定性从句被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词后面，关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间， 起连接作用，同时也可作定语从句的某个成分 引起定语从句的关系代词有that, which , who , whom ,whose 和关系副词where when why等二． 定语从句中关系代词的用法关系代词例句that指物A plane is a machine that can fly .The noodles that I cooked were delicious 指人Who is the girl (that )is reading English over there?The old man (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s grandpa which指物The bikes which are made in Tianjin sell well .The book (which) he bought last week cost him twenty yuan .Who,whom指人The boy who came to our class yesterday is from America.The girl who/whom you talked to just now is Kate .whose指物或指人The boy whose father is a teacher is my classmate.The house whose windows face south is my aunt’s三． 关系副词的用法关系副词例句when时间You can leave here any time when you want to.where地点This is the house where I once livedwhy因素He didn’t tell me the reason why he was late for school .how方式It’s the way how he improved his math.四． 关系代词that与which的用法区别（先行词指物时）1.当先行词是不定代词all, much等时，或者被这些词修饰时，只能用that引用定语从句。

例：I’ve read all the books that my mother bought for me .我已经读完了妈妈给我买的所有的书2. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句例：This is the most exciting movie that I have ever seen .这就是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影3.先行词被the only , the last, the same, the very修饰时，只能用that引导定语从句例如：This is the only book that was written by him .这就是唯一一本他写的书4.先行词既指人又指物时，只能用that引导定语从句例如， They are talking about the school and the teachers that they visited yesterday .5. 当关系代词前介词时，只能用which引导定语从句例如：This is the house of which the windows face south.这是那所窗户朝南的房子。

6. 非限定性定语从句只能用which引导定语从句引导例如：Football, which is a very interesting game, is played in many countries.很多国家都在踢足球， 他是很有趣的运动项目7.先行词是that，those时，只能用which引导定语从句例如：What’s that which was put in the car ?五．关系代词who, whom, that 的用法区别（先行词指人）1. 在who开头的疑问句中，若出现定语从句修饰指人的先行词时，只能用that引导从句例：Who is the boy that is wearing a red coat over there?2. 先行词是those, one 等指人的不定代词，定语从句用who引导例：We should help those who are in trouble .3. 先行词是人且介词提前紧跟先行词之后时，只能用whom,引导定语从句例如：This I the boy with whom I played tennis .六．知识点1.prefer常用于下例搭配中：1)Prefer doing to doing“喜欢······胜于······”或Prefer A to B意为“A 与B比较起来，更喜欢A。

这里to是介词He prefers red to blue.2)prefer to do … rather than do… 相称于would rather do … than do…意为“宁愿做······而不愿做······”这里的to为动词不定式符号，后接动词原形I prefer to go with you.2.stick 的用法stick是动词，意为“刺；插；粘贴”常用短语有：stick to坚持，stick······ into（把······插入）；也可作名词，意为“棍；棒”He stuck a fork into a big piece of beef .3.down 的用法Down是形容词，意为“悲哀的；沮丧的”与upset同义；也可作副词，意为“向下”When I was down, I often listen to some light music to make myself calm down.4. plenty of 大量的；充足的后可接可数名词复数形式和不可数名词There’s plenty of time .5.shut v.关闭（shut ，shut）shut off关闭；切断；停止运转。

We shut off the motor before we left the workshop .6.intelligent 意为“有才智的；聪明的”与clever同义Human beings are much more intelligent than animals .7.praise的用法.praise可作动词或名词，意为“表扬；赞扬”，常用短语有：in praise of 称赞；歌颂,praise for称赞,praise sb.for sth.表扬某人某事 His composition was praised.8.be supposed to do sth.应当做······，盼望······；被认为······同义词be excepted to do sth.9.drop by 顺便拜访10. after all 毕竟；终究11.value n.价值，形容词为valuable.12.effort的用法1）不可数名词：表达力量和精力I can carry it without effort. It’s a waste of time and effort .2)可数名词：努力，奋斗。

Make an effort to do sth. 尽力Please make an effort to get there on time.13.worth adj.“这得；有价值的有······价值”，后常跟名词、代词、或动名词作宾语She’s not worth getting angry with. be worth doing sth. ······值得做14.point v. （用······）指；指向point at表达进指，at后一般跟动作的目的 point to表达远指，to后一般接动作的方向 point out指出He pointed the gun at her head . He pointed out the danger of driving alone .15. go out of one’s way to do sth.特地（努力）Thanks for going out of your to help me.16.make sb. feel at home使某人感到宾至如归 She is very kind to me and always makes me feel at home17.be/get used to 与 used to do.be/get used to “习惯于”，后接名词、代词或动名词。

My brother is used to staying up late. used to do “过去经常”后接动词原形The village isn’t like what it used to be.18. except, besides , but 与except forExcept “除······之外”指除外的部分不涉及在内All came except John. besides“除······之外尚有” 指除外的部分涉及在内.也可作副词表达“此外”We all succeeded besides Linda .我们所有的都成功了涉及Linda .but“除了”常与某些不定代词nothing, all, anyone连用There’s nothing but wait .except for“除了”指对某些基本情况用于具体细节方面的修正He’s a good man except for his temper .他是个好人，只是脾气不好19.be comfortable doing sth.顺便地做某事20.no matterno matter“不管；无论”与what, who, when, where, which, how等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句（通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时）如：“ no matter+疑问词”相称于“疑问词后接ever.” No matter what you say, I won’t believe you .不管你说什么，我都不相信。

21.avoid v.“避免；规避”后接名词、代词或动名词They avoided mentioning that name .22.every day 与everyday every day “天天”在句子做状语everyday 为形容词天天的；平常的”在句子做定语She wears an everyday suit every day .23.absent adj.“缺席；不在”“做某事缺席”时后跟from. Some students were absent from class.24.influence v&n. 指在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的“影响”have an influence in sth.在某方面有影响 What you read influences your thinking .24.proud adj. “自豪的；骄傲的”其名词形式为pride. 常用的短语：be proud of =takepridein为······感到自豪、骄傲His parents are proud of/ take pride in him .25.other/else else是形容词，“其他的。

别的”长放在不定代词、不定副词或疑问词的后面Other是形容词，意为“其他的”长放在名词的前面26.alone/lonely alone “独自；单独”，侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，不含感情色彩作形容此时只能做表语；也可作副词He was alone in the house . He came alone . lonely “寂寞的；孤独的；荒凉的；偏僻的”作定语或表语一般指人孤独寂寞或地方荒无人烟，有浓厚的感情色彩She lives alone , but she doesn’t feel lonely .27.”It is /has been +时间段+since从句该结构表达“自从······以来已经多长时间了”相称于句型“时间段+has passed (by)+since从句”或“sb.+动词过去时+时间段+ago.”28.辨析so与such so常与形容词、副词、many. Much.little . few连用，或用于“so+形容词+a/an+ 名词”结构He spoke so slowly that we all felt funny . such的常用结构为“such +（a/ an）+形容词+名词”He is such a slow man.29.need 的用法 Sb. need(s) to do sth. 某人需要做某事。

Linda needs to do some washing.Sth. need(s)doing/to be done . 某物需要······了 My bike needs mending (to be mended).Need do sth. 必须做某事 Need we start this work now ?具有情态动词Must 的一般疑问句的否认回答一般用needn’t （不必；没必要） ---Must I clean the floor, Mon ?---No, you needn’t .30.east的用法其前通常加the，表达在某个方位时，常与介词in连用；表达“在······的东方”时常用介词in（在范围之内），）to（在范围之外）on（比邻）China is in the east of Asia . 作副词时，其前不用介词，但有时其后可接介词短语The shop lies east of the town .31.staff管理人员，职工为集体名词，可做单数，也可作复数 I have ten staff working for me . The staff in the company are hard-working .32.suggest的用法 suggest是行为动词，意为“建议；建议；暗示； 表白”。

其用法如下：1. 后接名词、代词或动名词I suggested putting off the sports meet .2. 后跟宾语从句表白”The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.3. 后跟that引导的宾语从句（should+动词原形，should可省略）意为“建议”）We suggested that he (should) say sorry to his teacher.33. die, dead, dying 与death die为不及物动词，表达短暂性动作，在句子不能与how long及for引起的一段时间连用dead,是形容词，意为“死的”用作表语和定语若表达“某人去世了多长时间”则用“have/has been dead+ for +时间段”dying是die,的现在分词形式， 也可用作形容词， 表达“垂死的；濒临死亡的”，常用作定语The doctor is saving a dying boy .death是die的名词形式，意为 “死亡”34.warn的用法其为及物动词，意为“警告；告诫 ”，常用的短语为：警告某人（不）做某事 warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人注意（提醒）某事Warn sb. about sth . The teacher warned us not to go out at night . 35.think of想起；考虑 What do you think of it ? Think about考虑We should think about this event again.Think over仔细考虑He asked me for a week to think it overThink over沉思；绞尽脑汁 I think hard to find a way .36. play a trick on sb.捉弄某人；开某人玩笑。

37. aloud, loud 与loudlyAloud adv.出生地；大声地强调“出声” She began to read the text aloud .Loud adv& adj. 高声地；大声地指发出的声音强度大，传得远多与speak, talk , shout , laugh 连用Loudly adv. 高声地；大声地作副词时与Loud同样，用来说明声音的强度大，具有“喧闹” Suddenly, the bell on the wall rang loudly.38.would rather “宁愿······” 表达句子主语的愿望、选择、后接动词原形He’d rather join you in the English Group.Would rather do… than do…“宁愿做······也不愿做······”，would rather与than后所接的两个对比部分要一致39.make+宾语+宾补 Make sb. do sth. “使某人去做某事” Make 后接省to的动词不定式He made us come to school early .Make +sb. / sth. + 形容词“使某人（某物）保持······状态” What he said made me very happy .40.neither…nor… 表达“既不······也不······”表达对两者的否认，句子中不可以再有否认词no 或not， 其相应短语为both…and…. 意为“两个都······”。

neither…nor…连接两个并列的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上与较近的那个主语保持一致Neither he nor I have seen the film .41.to star with… 一般用作插入语，“开始时；一方面；最初”相称于 to begin with… To start with, things were not so smooth, but later the situation was getting better and better.star with…“以······开始”也可以说begin with… 如：The illness usually starts with a slight cough .42.let…down 相称于disappoint sb. 或make sb. disappointed使······失望”宾语无论是名词还是代词，都位于短语之间 What he said let us down .43.be hard on sb.对某人苛刻；对某人规定严厉44.rather than “而不是”，连接两个并列成分， 可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词（短语）、动名词、分句、不定式、动词。

后接不定式时，不定式可以带to也可以不带to .She enjoys singing rather than dancing .45.What happened?“发生了什么事”，表达某人或某事发生了什么事，后接介词to What happened to you last night ?46.give sb. a lift“顺捎；捎（某人）一程 give sb. a ride用法相同It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home .47.be about to “be about to +do”表达即刻就要发生的事情，意味着时间短、立即的意思如： I am about to do my homework .48.show up “赶到；露面”Only two persons showed up here just now .48. get a chance to do sth.. “得到一个做某事的机会” I got a chance to visit the Great Wall last week .49.by the end of/at the end of by the end of “到······为止 ”后可以跟过去时间与过去完毕时连用，也可跟将来的时间，而与将来时连用。

By the end of last term we had learned five English songs. at the end of “在······结束时；在······的尽头”，可用以指时间或处所， 强调一段时间的结束点或某段路程的终止Our school held a sports meeting at the end of last year.At the end of this street you’ll find a bookshop .50.fool n.&v. 用作名词意为“傻瓜；蠢人” Don’t you think he is a fool ? 用作动词，意为“愚弄”Never try to fool yourself !51. embarrassed/embarrassing Embarrassed 用作形容词，意为“尴尬的”主语一般指人如： I was embarrassed when the boy asked me the question. Embarrassing 用作形容词，意为“令人尴尬的” 主语一般指物I don’t like making speeches in public . It’s so embarrassing .52.empty用作动词，意为“倒空；排空”。

He emptied the bottle just now .用作形容词，意为“空的”其反义词为full,“满的”The box is empty .You can put some books in it .53. sell out “卖完；卖光” The shop sold out all the shirts .54. take place “发生；进行”相称于不及物动词，用来指必然性的“发生”或有计划安排之内的“举行” Great changes have taken place in China in recent years .55.not only… but also…“不仅······并且······”可以连接两个并列的成分，假如连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致Shakespeare was not only a writer, but (also) an actor . Not only you but also he is a good student.56. so far“到目前为止，迄今”常与现在完毕时连用如：So far I have seen the movie several times .57.take part in /join take part in指参与会议、劳动或各种文娱活动，并在其中起一定的作用。

We’ll take part in social practice during the summer holidays.Join 表达参与某团队、党派、组织等，并成为其中的一名成员Are you going to join the school cycling club.练习题I选择题1.---Which would you like , tea or coffee?--- I _______tea .A. think B. prefer C. make D. choose2.---Do you know the song “Gangnam Style”? --- Yes , I really like it . I love music ______has great lyrics.A. what B. who C. if D. that 3. She prefers ______at home rather than _______out .A. staying , going B. to stay , go C. to stay , to go D. staying , go4.This is the teacher who _____ to talk to you .A. want B. wants C. wanting D. to want5. He talked about the people and things ______interested him greatly during his stay here .A. which B. that C. who D. they 6. We have a lot of books ,______are written in Japanese .A. many of which B. many in which C. many among them D. many of them7.The old man _____wasn’t his father .A. after whom he looked B. who he looked after C. after who he looked D. whose he looked after8.The bullet(子弹) _______the soldier in the shoulder in the war .A. injured B. hurt C. destroyed D. wounded9. Peter had a pain_____ his stomach , and so he had two days off .A. in B. on C. for D. about10. Please _______ Jack’s telephone number in the notebook . I want to make a phone call to him .A. pick up B. look up C. clean up D. give up11. --- I will go to the countryside to see my grandmother this afternoon , so I can’t go swimming with you .A. It’s my pleasure B. You are welcome C. That’s a pity D. Sure, I am 12. Success will belong to those ______never say “impossible”.A. whom B. what C. who D. which13. Being blind is something _____most people can’t imagine .A. who B. which C. that D. whom14. They ate _____ice-cream , and soon they felt a little uncomfortable .A. several B. a number of C. many D. plenty of15.—What are you looking for ? ----I’m looking for the watch _____I bought yesterday . A. which B. who C. whose D. whom16. –I like the program Man and Nature . ---But I ______Sports News .A. prefer B. want C. choose D. miss17.Have you read the book ______is about the moon ?A. what B. it C. / D. which18. ---There are so many girls over there . Which one is your sister ?---The one_____ hat is yellow .A. who B. whose C. that D. which19. He is playing a piece of piano music _____ we all like listening to .A. who B. whose C. that D. whom.20. Can you lead me the novel ______ the other day ?A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. which you talked about21. Robert is just one young overseas Chinese ______has come to visit his ancestor’s homeland .A. who B. where C. when D. which22.I like music _____ I can dance to .A. who B. that C. hoe D. when23.Tony prefers groups that _____ their own songs .A. write B. writes C. writing D. to write24. My parents prefer to stay at home rather than _____ to parties .A. go B. going C. goes D. to go25. The man______ we visited yesterday is a famous doctor..A. which B. what C. who D. when26. –Which do you prefer, apples or bananas ? ---- _______. I like oranges .A. All B. Both C. Either D. Neither27. Do you know the girl_____ sunglasses ?A. that wear B. who is wearing C. who is putting on D. that puts on28. The text is very easy for you . There are ____new words in it .A. a few B. a little C. few D. little 29. We have two rooms ______, but I can’t decide_______.A. to live ; to choose which one B. lived; choose which one C. to live in ; which one to choose D. live ; which one 30 We should give love to the children_____ lost their parents in the earthquake.A. who B. whom C. those D. whose31. I like movies that have _____monsters .A. scare B. scared C. scares D. scary32. ---How is it going there ? ---It’s ______. The wind is strong and the snow is heavy .A. good B. bad C. nice D. well 33. She likes clothes ____are bright .A. that B. what C. whose D. who34. The police caught the man ______ stole my handbag .A. he B. that C. whom D. which35. I prefer_____ too much food that is fried .A. to not eat B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 36. The color of your trousers doesn’t _____ your jacket .A. suit B. fit C. like D. as37. This is one of ______this year .A. the most interesting film B. the more interesting films C. the most interesting films D. the much more interesting films.38. Li Lei is the student _____ handwriting is the best in our class.A. whose B. whom C. who D. that 39. The type of music has become very famous in Britain and is very good music _____.A .dance to B. dancing to C. to dance to D. to dance40.Do you know the man _____spoke just now ?A. which B./ C. who D. whom 41. I like music that I can sing _____. A. along with B. along to C. along D. to42.Many young women like to live in houses _______ are big and bright .A. that B. who C. how D. why 43. The girl ______ won the first prize is called Alice .A. when B. whom C. who D. which44. ---Can you introduce the town to me ? --- OK . This is the town in ______Li Bai was born .A. that B. who C. which D. where 45. The young man ______ we met yesterday is our new biology teacher .A. what B. whose C. whom D. which46. Miss White is the only person ______can help you with your English .A. she B. that C. which D. whom 47. There are many volunteers _____are helping the children in Yushu .A. which B. when C. whose D. who48. A few women love the movie ______is a horror movie .A. that B. who C. whose D. what49. The girl ______won the gold metal comes from Beijing Sunshine Secondary School .A. who B. which C. what D. whom 50. The TV play is about a true story ______happened in Mianyang in 1998. A. it B. what C. that D. when51. I love singers that ______their own songs .A. write B. writes C. is writing D. written52. ______ Mary’s parents didn’t allow her to go out , ______she did .A. Although ; but B. Although ; / C. Because ; so D. Because ; /53. ---Joe, let’s go to the movies . ---No. I prefer_____ to the library because I can find books that I need .A. to go B. go C. goes D. to going 54.Jerry is a boy ____ likes pop music very much .A. / B. whom C. that D. which 55. As the leader of the company , Mike can’t except _____ a day without working .A. spending B. to spend C. spend D. to spending 56. Emma comes from Australia , but she does ____Chinese well .A. speak B. speaks C. speaking D. spoke57. Don’t worry . Your mother is sure ____ better soon .A. get B. gets C. getting D. to get58.This kind of apples tastes ______ and sells ______.A. good ; good B. well ; well C. good ; well D. well ; good 59. We’re ______ agreement that we’ll go to Wuhan next week .A. for B. to C. of D. in60.Your parents have given me more help , _____ they are very busy .A. When B. if C. though D. unless 61. Danny is a boy ______likes pop music very much .A. Whom B. which C. where D. whoII.用词的适当形式填空。

1.I like watching the new Police Story that_______(film) last year . 2. The new _____(act) has no experience , and so he can hardly finish the excellent job .3. The naughty boy plenty of _______(read ) , We were all happy for him .4. We have got plenty of _________(suggestion) on how to reduce air pollution .5.Do you know the woman who __________(talk) with your sister over there ?6.Thank you very much for giving such ________(valuable) advice .7. I’m sorry to keep you __________(wait) for a long time .8. You should make plans _________(study) for the coming exam .9. I’ll be happy if she ______(drop) by me .10. It’s necessary for us ________(keep) quiet in the library .Shake hands on time custom drop in to for China is a country with a long history , so there are many 11________ in it . Firstly , you are supposed 12________when you meet someone 13________ the first time , Secondly , when you 14_______ your and eat dinner with them .it’s rude to point at others with your chopsticks .Besides, if you are going to a party , you are supposed to arrive at the party 15______, or a few minutes late . You are not supposed to give a clock or a watch to your friends as a present , because it means “death” in Chinese . “When in Rome , do as the Romans do .”If you are going to China , please follow the rules .16. The book is well worth _______(read) .17. _______(make) plans before doing something is a good babit .18. China is an _______(east) country with a long history .19. The _________( north) customs are different from the southern ones in China .20. Listening is as ________(important ) as speaking in language learning .suppose expect take off knock passport 21. Could you help me look for my ________? I’m afraid I’ve lost it .22. She ________ to bring good fortune for us . We’ll welcome her to come over to our company warmly .23. ---Who ______on the bowl ? Don’t make so much noise . ----Sorry , I won’t .24. When we get to the airport , the plane __________.25. Carmen is too impolite . She ________ to say sorry to you . except ,gradual , get used to , make… feel at home exchange 26. Mrs. Smith does her best to __________ . I’m thankful to her .27. I’m 。