内向与外向性格对英语学习的影响毕业论文

标题】内向与外向性格对英语学习的影响 【作者】内向与外向性格对英语学习的影响 【关键词】内向；外向；性格；影响；英语学习 【指导老师】王 露 【专业】英语 【正文】Ⅰ. IntroductionA．BackgroundWith the popularization of English communicative skills, the research on learner’s individual difference are drawing more and more people’s attention, and undoubtedly personality becomes one of the important but not estimated factors. Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung divided personality into introversion and extroversion according to the internal and external environment of one’s character. Psychologist Song Guangwen(1994) once pointed out the importance of the personality, he said:“personality is the most important factors among the non-intelligence factors which can make up for a person’s ability, and also good personality is the indispensable factor to achieve success.”1 And some psychologists in China think that the extroverted are active, sociable, adaptable and generous in every respect, but some of the extroverted are rash and random in their work. And the introverted, they think, are self-centered, cautious and thoughtful, but they are uncommunicative, indifferent and isolated. Meanwhile these features of introvert and extrovert character have drawn many English teachers’ attention; they related students’ English studying to their personality. Teachers regard students who have good English skills as confident, outgoing and earnest in studying. While they view students whose English are not good as timid, introverted. Though the above mentioned comes from the actual observances of life and teaching, there still exists two absolute opinions. Because the extroverted have the big advantage in the basic international communication skills, Rod Ellis(1994) think the extroverted have more opportunities to gain language information, therefore they have priority in learning English.2 And another view is that the introverted are good at the cognitive academic language ability, and they spend much time in reading and writing, so they are easy to success in the academic, therefore they have the advantage in learning English. Different people have different views about which character is conductive to the study of language.B．The purpose of studyThis paper first introduces the definition of introvert and extrovert character from the view of scholars at home and abroad, and then presents the relationship between the extrovert and introvert character, and the influence of two characters on English learning. The thesis analyzes the two characters how to influence English learning, and puts forward several solutions to solve this problem. The paper mainly wants to draw English teachers’ attention so as to care more about the extrovert and introvert students’ English studying, and provide more opportunities for the students with the two personalities to practice their English and learn it as well as they can.C．The significance of studyThis paper intends to draw teachers and people’s attention about the influence of the introvert and extrovert character on their studying, and let students learn about the two characters and then check whether they have one of the characters or not. And the paper can also help the introvert and extrovert students to some extent overcome their difficulties in learning English, putting forward four teaching skills to enrich and cultivate the intro-extroverted students’ knowledge and interest to learn English.Ⅱ. The definition of introvert and extrovert characterA. The definition of introvert and extrovert character from overseas scholarsPersonality can be divided into introversion and extroversion. Britain psychologist H.J.Esenck analyzed the structure of personality through the Britain traditional theory. According to study many people’s personal materials, he summarized three basic personalities: the introvert and extrovert, sentimental stability and psycho-personality. However, Esenck(1993) regarded introversion as liable to depression and anxiety, and extroversion as apt to be impulsive and incontrollable.3 But as a matter of fact, the view of personality was not put forward firstly by Esenck, and it was created by Swiss psychologist C.G. Jung(1987), who divided character into two parts in his book-The Pattern of Psychology. 4 The first type is the introvert character. In his opinion, extroverted people show great concerns on their surroundings, and they always take on active and positive attitudes. The extroverted can make a prompt and affirmative decision when dealing with their work. They also dare to show their true feelings in the front of whoever no matter knows or not. Most importantly, the extroverted people are especially good at communicating. And their characters contribute to their independence. Extroversive students who are active and talkative can often participate freely and bravely both in class discussions and some other occasions whatever the occasion is true or virtual. They dare to try what they have learned lately whatever the new words or the new sentence structures. They are very confident so that they are not afraid of making mistakes. If they do make some mistakes, they can correct them without depression, shyness or getting angry after the teacher’s criticism or pointing out the mistakes. But the introverted people prefer to be quite, they are always cautious and considerate while studying and doing their work and so on. The introversive students usually keep silent in class. They are not active, confident, or brave enough. They often dare not to answer the teacher’s question, participate in discussion because they are so shy so hesitating and afraid of making any mistakes which may make them fall into an embarrassing situation or be laughed at by their classmates. Furthermore, they are not well adapted to the new atmosphere, their reaction is rather slow than the extroverted, and they show a little interest in social life. According to Jung’s view, he thought that distinguishing the introverted and extroverted is based on the concentration, and the introverted pay more attention to their internal world, but the extroverted attach importance to their external situation. As far as I’m concerned, the two characters are not completely opposite. On the contrary, they are a successive body, to be exacted, from they like to communicate, adventure and activate to they prefer to be quite, hate to deal with surrounding people and loathe to show off themselves,Eysenck and Chan(1982) made a further definition of the two characters. They hold that extroverted people like to attend all kinds of parties and meet new acquaintances, so they are of social type; moreover they are humorous in language and active in social life, and have their own ways of doing things. While introverted people prefer to reading books rather than keeping in touch with others, they are inclined to live a peaceful life, so they have a few friends except few intimate ones.Comparing with the introverted who do not like to communicate with others, Ellis believes that the extroverted are active in every aspect. They not only love to run a risk but also like to make friends, and they are full of vitality.5B. The definition of introvert and extrovert character from domestic scholarWu Bo(1997) suggests that the introvert and extrovert character directly influence English learning. 6 The extroversion is always active and open, generous and communicative in social life, and they have quick mind. They do not care about what others comment on them, and they are more prone to adapt to the new study and work environment. While the introversion is always putting them in the first place, but they have their own advantages and disadvantages. For example, the introverted keep calm when meeting tough situations. They are careful and thoughtful while doing their work and school assignment. However, they have difficulty in changing their study or work place, and they particularly pay attention to others’ comments on them.Ⅲ.The relationship between the intro-extroverted character and English learningA. The general research of overseas scholarsIt is so easy for the extroverted to communicate with foreigners that they gain more opportunities to learn English, and they learn language quickly than the introverted. In this part, I will introduce some scholar’s research on the relationship between the two characters and English learning.Chastian investigated that students, who learn German, French and Spanish in America, achieving in their English studies is to some extent related to their personalities.(Chastian: 1975)Naiman found in his survey on Excellent Learner that thirty-first percent of correspondents believed that the extroverted character is helpful to promote their spoken skills.(Naiman: 1978)Krashen pointed out that the extroversion contributes to acquire language, because the extroverted are active in class learning, so as to get more opportunities to practice their English.(Krashen: 1978)Busch made a study of Japanese college students learning English by investigating the index of the introversion and extroversion. She found that the extroverted college boys achieved higher scores in the oral examination. And the introverted get high marks in the comprehension and grammar in standard written exam.(Busch: 1982)Strong found that the extroverted children learn English sickly. He also found that American children in kindergartens take English as the second language, who making progress in learning English largely depend on their characters-whether they are extroverted, communicative and sociable or not.(Strong: 1983)Roboson’s experimental results on Japanese English learners show that the extroverted learners who have stable sentiment are more liable to exchange ideas with their peers than the introverted ones.(Roboson: 1992)B. The investigations of many language teachers and scholars at homeAt the same time, many linguistics and scholars have made studies in this aspect.Hu Min investigated freshmen at several key national universities in Guangdong province through the intro-extroverted questionnaire. Meanwhile, he combined the students’ scores in national entrance examination. His research indicates that students get a good mark in English in the university entrance exam, which is obviously related to their introvert and extrovert characters. That is to say, the more extroverted the students are, the higher their English scores in examination.(Hu Min: 2001)Xu Qian arbitrarily chose fifty middle school students and studied the relationship between personality and English learning. And she found that the introverted learners get better in their English achievements than the extroverted.(Xu Qian: 2005)Nie Dahai suggested in his 2001s’ research that the extroverted take the priority in oral English, and the introverted do better in writing and comprehension.Wang Chumming pointed out that if we took spoken, listening, comprehension and writing skills into full consideration, and the extroverted are not necessarily superior to the introverted in English learning.(Wang Chumming: 1990)C. The conclusion of two hypotheses based on the research from home and abroadAccording to researchers from home and overseas investigations, the relationship between intro-extroversion and English learning may sum up the two hypotheses. First, extroverted learners can greatly master the basic skills of interpersonal communication, that is, the extroverted are sensitive to the input of language. They involve themselves in discussion on their own initiative, and get more chances to practice their oral English. But most of the extroverted have a short-term memory. Second, the introverted make many achievements in their academic studies, because they are willing to spend much time and energy in learning the form of language, such as, comprehension, and writing. On the contrary, they have a long-term memory. It is obvious that many researchers’ experimental results are largely different, because different scholars adopt different methods to study the relation of intro-extroversion and language learning. And the shortage of a variety of characters is the basic reason for the second language acquisition.Ⅳ.The influence of intro-extroversion on English learningGood character can play a huge role in promoting the students’ studying. The undesirable character is not conducive to effective studying. Since a student has a good character, he must have strong self-control and a strong sense of responsibility. They generally have a positive learning attitude; they will study seriously to overcome the difficulties of life. At the same time, they can treat the relationship between people and people carefully. Because they can concentrate on learning, their studying is good. Talkative and active students in learning English can seize the opportunity to practice boldly, therefore they can win more opportunities to practice language and show themselves. It’s certain that the effect of study will also be outstanding. And in the Influence of Personality on English Learning, Wang Xuemei also demonstrated the same opinions. She probes into the influence of personality upon English comprehension and specific skills with the aid of the measures in psycholinguistics by means of the research into seventy arbitrarily-chosen English learners. She found that personality has little influence on students’ comprehension skills. However, as far as the specific skills are concerned, all skills have certain linear correlation with personality except spoken English, listening comprehension and writing.A. The influence of extroversion on English learningGenerally speaking, the extroverted students have the superiority in learning English at the early years, for studying English in this period is mainly in the form of speaking, which needs student to participate more language activities to promote their expression ability promptly. The extroverted are so active that they neglect to further their mind and to promote their capability to read and write. Therefore, during the English teaching, the extroverted students relatively hold the lead at the primary school stage. Students who have a good English grade have a stable grade, they have a optimistic、confident and cheerful personality which tends to be outward-looking. At the same time, there is more interested in English. The extroverted students have great advantages in learning English, in terms of communicative nature of language, in face-to-face communication occasions; outward-oriented students are confident and happy to express their thoughts, not afraid to make mistakes when practicing oral character, etc. These characteristics are helpful to learn English which has a practical and highly communicative discipline. As a whole, the extroverted students learn English better than the introverted ones, because the latter have suffered a severe setback in their early years mainly in listening and speaking, which gives them a heavy blow to study language positively. To be more exact, the extroverted have the advantages in dictation and oral English. It is not hard to say that the introvert and extrovert character indeed influence students’ English learning. As far as I’m concerned, the main reason for the influence lies in that the extroverted students dare to open their mouth to speak English, and they are good at communicating, so they are excellent in spoken and listening. While the extroverted students have the patience to learn grammar, therefore they are generally stand-out in the respect related to grammar.B. The influence of introversion on English learningIntroverts can be described as shy, quiet, and reserved. The introverted students are too shy to take part in a variety of activities, which to some degree influences their ability to listen and speak. However, the introverted students’ priorities turn out as the intelligible content, reading and writing are increasing. The introverted tend to be at an advantage in cloze, reading comprehension and vocabulary-grammar. The introverted show their advantages in the secondary school and university period. While the introverted students have confidence in practicing listening and speaking, in this way, they will improve themselves in all-round aspects.Ⅴ.The ways of making the introverted and extroverted students learn English wellIn this part, the paper will give a few tentative solutions from four aspects.A. Creating relaxed, harmonious and lively class atmosphereAn American educationalist Bulumu7 once said that a student studying his course with positive feelings may learn language more relaxed and prompt than those who lack enthusiasm, and worry or fear studying material. A good atmosphere in class can create an infectious and positive teaching situation. A lively and active atmosphere of the classroom can motivate students’ interest in learning English as psychological needs. In this way, students can maintain the enthusiasm of English learning so as to participate in activities actively and master English language learning skillfully. And the teacher’s attitude in class depends on the class atmosphere, which in return influences the student’s sentiment, and student’s feelings directly make an impact on the effect of teaching. As far as I’m concerned, the intimate teacher-student relationship in class can exert positive influence on the latter. Because it becomes easy for the latter to gain the essential knowledge the former conveying in class and the student will respect the teacher more. And if the teacher is too serious in class, the student will feel nervous, so as to cause a sense of spiritual depression especially for the introverted students. On the contrary, if the teacher is confident, energetic and amiable in class, the student’s mental pressure will be reduced. In another respect, the student feel relaxed, happy and amiable when being in a collective group, in this situation, he or she will have a positive attitude and quick mind. Most importantly, he or she is eager to acquire knowledge, and willing to use his or her brain to solve all kinds of problems from studying, which because the student view studying English as a pleasant thing under the teacher’s instruction. At the same time, the teachers should keep smiling all the time, like this, students can establish harmonious relationship with the teachers. If only there is an equal relation and relaxed atmosphere, students will have a big interest for learning. But the key point is that the teachers should learn to respect their students so as to make them feel the existing value, in this way, students can concentrate on studying and get more happiness from English learning. Good relations between teachers and students can increase the students’ Psychological security. The role of teachers is to create a free environment and an atmosphere of conversation.B. Adopting various teaching methods to encourage the studentsKrashen(1981) once pointed out in the Second Language Studying:“teaching the second language is actually to create part or all language environments for student.”8 And the English teaching program also emphasized that teacher make the scene of communicating activities by combining the reality of students’ life to strengthen the student’s studying interest and enable them to take part in the practical language activities. Therefore, English teachers should make best use of all possible conditions to lead students from boring and dull class teaching into the actual social activities, and should encourage them to participate. In recent years, Internet-Based Teaching is very popular. In order to attract students’ attention, Internet-Based teaching is an effective way which should be widely adopted by teachers.In my opinion, English teachers can use the two methods as follows. First, E。