2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第26期

2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The long years of food shortage in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and shops are choked with food. Rationing (定量供应)is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet, instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness and confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? Is the abundance only temporary, or has it come to stay? Does it mean that we need to think less now about producing more food at home? No one knows what to expect.The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests. North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britain’s overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this year and home production has also risen.But the effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home-produced variety. And now grain prices, too, are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be enabled to benefit from this trend.The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers. The older generation has seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market. Present production is running at 51 percent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 percent by 1956; but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well.1.Why is there “wide-spread uneasiness and confusion about the food situation in Britain?”2.The main reason for the rise in food prices is that（  ）  .3. Why didn’t the government’s expansion program work very well?4.The decrease in world food price was a result of （  ）.5.What did the future look like for Britain’s food production at the time this article was written?问题1选项A.The abundant food supply is not expected to last.B.Britain is importing less food.C.Despite the abundance, food prices keep rising.D.Britain will cut back on its production of food.问题2选项A.people are buying less foodB.the government is providing less financial support for agricultureC.domestic food production has decreasedD.imported food is driving prices higher问题3选项A.Because the farmers were uncertain about the financial support the government guaranteedB.Because the farmers were uncertain about the benefits of expanding production.C.Because the farmers were uncertain about whether foreign markets could be found for their produceD.Because the older generation of farmer were strongly against the programmer.问题4选项A.a sharp fall in the purchasing power of the consumers.B.a sharp fall in the cost of food productionC.the overproduction of food in the food-importing countriesD.the overproduction on the part of the main food-exporting countries问题5选项A.The fall in world food prices would benefit British food producers.B.An expansion of food production was at hand.C.British food producers would receive more government financial support.D.It looks depressing despite government guarantees.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? 提到人们对于为什么粮食多了价格却依然持续上涨表示担忧，所以可以看出人们感到不安和困惑的原因是食物充足但是价格却在上涨，选项C符合题意。

2.文章第三段a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food提到食物价格增长的主要原因是政府逐渐减少了对食物的支持选项B符合题意3.文章最后一段Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market 提到尽管目前的价格还有市场保证，但是农民依旧担心他们将被挤压在廉价的进口食品和一个萎缩的国内市场中，所以可以推断农民对于这样的保证是不信任的选项A符合题意4.文章第二段The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests 提到国际食物市场贸易顺差的增加非常大，贸易顺差说明出口多余进口，由此可知是国内生产增加使得出口加大，选项D符合题意。

5.文章最后一句but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well 提到部长重复的建议没有什么作用，扩张计划进行的不怎么好，由此可知，这个前景是令人担忧的选项D符合题意2. 单选题The Prime Minister refused to （ ）on the rumor that he had planned to resign.问题1选项A.explainB.commentC.remarkD.talk【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析explain “说明，解释”；comment “评论”；remark “评论”； talk “谈话”句意：首相拒绝就关于他计划辞职的传言发表看法选项B符合题意3. 单选题Many novels that attempt to the mirror the world are really （  ）of the reality that they represent.问题1选项A.reflectionsB.demonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

reflection “反映”；demonstration “示范”；illumination “照明”；reproduction “繁殖”句意：许多试图向世界反映现实的小说，都反映了他们所代表的现实选项A符合题意4. 单选题It is bad manners to （ ） people where they are speaking.问题1选项A.interviewB.intimateC.interfereD.interrupt【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析Interview “采访；面试”；intimate “暗示，通知”；interfere “干涉，打扰”；interrupt “打断，中断，打扰”句意：打断他人说话是不礼貌的选项D符合题意5. 单选题Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions,（  ） have been mentioned inprevious pages.问题1选项A.a few of itB.a few of thatC.a few of themD.a few of which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句的用法。

此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是chemical reactions, 所以应该用which 引导选项D符合题意6. 单选题 Very few scientists （  ）completely new answers to the world’s problems.问题1选项A.come up withB.come outC.come roundD.come up to【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析come up with “提出，想出”；come out “出版”；come round “苏醒；顺道拜访”；come up to “到达，等于”句意：很少有科学家对世界性的问题提出新的回答选项A符合题意7. 单选题It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as “hard”，the social sciences as “soft”, and the biological sciences as somewhere in between. This is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical system is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems, and these in turn are more certain than our knowledge of social systems. In terms of our capacity of sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable.We are able to sample earth’s social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated. Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience. In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, or even if earth’s geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data come in and new theories are worked out. If we define the “security” of our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes, then we would reverse the order for hardness and as the most secure, the physical sciences as the least secure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between. Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial records of biological systems. Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we learnt things as they were long age, are limited in the extreme.Even in regard to such a close neighbor as the moon, which we have actually visited, theories about its origin and history are extremely different, contradictory, and hard to choose among. Our knowledge of physical evolution is incomplete and insecure.1.The word “paradox” (Line 1, Para. 1) means “ （  ）”2.According to the author, we should reverse our classification of the physical sciences as “hard” and the social sciences as “soft” because（  ）.3.The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure than that of physical systems because（  ） 4.The chances of the physical sciences being subject to great changes are the biggestbecause（  ）  .5.We know less about the astronomical universe than we do about any social systembecause（  ）  .问题1选项A.implicationB.contradictionC.interpretationD.confusion问题2选项A.a reverse ordering will help promote the development of the physical sciences.B.our knowledge of physical systems is more reliable than that of social systems.C.our understanding of the social systems is approximately correct.D.we are better able to investigate social phenomena than physical phenomena.问题3选项A.it is not based on personal experience.B.new discoveries are less likely to occur in social sciences.C.it is based on a fairly representative quantity of data.D.the records of social systems are more reliable.问题4选项A.contradictory theories keep emerging all the time.B.new information is constantly coming in.C.the direction of their development is difficult to predict.D.our knowledge of the physical world is inaccurate.问题5选项A.theories of its origin and history are varied.B.our knowledge of it is highly insecure.C.only a very small sample of it has been observed.D.few scientists are involved in the study of astronomy【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.paradox “矛盾，悖论”。

implication “含义”；contradiction “矛盾，否认”；interpretation “解释”；confusion “混淆”选项B符合题意2.文章第二段第一句话we are able to sample earth’s social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated 提到我们能够在调查地球的社会体系时自信地认为我们有整个领域作为合理的样本供研究；该段倒数第二句话our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial records of biological systems提到我们对于天文领域的研究是最不靠谱的，因为我们观察的是一个不切实际的小样本。

从这两句话可知，研究社会知识的样本比研究天文知识的样本要大并且实际，所以我们能更好地去研究社会现象，选项D符合题意3.文章第二段第二句our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries 提到在社会体系中，它不太可能被新的发现严重颠覆选项B符合题意4.文章第二段in contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, or even if earth’s geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data come in and new theories are worked out 提到我们对于天文宇宙或者地球的地理历史的概念，当新的数据和理论进入时都很容易遭受革命性的变化，选项B符合题意。

5.文章第二段our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial records of biological systems提到我们对于天文领域的研究是最不靠谱的，因为我们观察的是一个不切实际的小样本选项C符合题意8. 单选题The police are suspicious（  ） his words because he already has a record.问题1选项A.toB.atC.onD.of【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配be suspicious of “对……感到怀疑”选项D符合题意句意：警察对他的话感到怀疑因为他已经做好了记录9. 单选题Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her （  ）for a whole week.问题1选项A.constrainedB.dominatedC.restrictedD.occupied【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

constrained “被强迫的”；dominated “占主导地位的”；restricted “受限制的’；occupied “使用中的；无空闲的”句意：她热衷于给这个大房子重新装修，为此她会忙碌整个星期选项D符合题意10. 单选题Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist, made a fortune by manufacturing iron and steel protected by custom tariff. In 1873, on one of his frequent trips to England, he met Henry Bessemer and became convinced that the industrial future lay in steel. He built the J. Edgar Thomson steel Mills pear Pittsburgh, and from that moment on, the Carnegie Empire was one of constant expansion. Later on, the Carnegie Steel Co. became an immense organization. It included all the process of steel production from the great furnaces and finishing mills of Pittsburgh to the inroads and lake steamers that move the ores and the finish products.Like his grandfather, Andrew Carnegie did not abandon the radical idealism of his forebears for the benefit of the working class. In spite of his espousal of Herbert Spencer philosophy and the social Darwinism of the period, Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Chartists ideals of his boyhood. He believed in the social responsibility of the man of wealth to society. He must save as a steward for the fortune; he has earned and used that fortune to provide great opportunity for all and to increase man’s knowledge of himself and of his universe. Furthermore, Carnegie be in the form of free charity but rather must be as a buttress to the community’s responsibility for its own people. When Carnegie died in Lenox, Mass, on August 11, 1919, most of his fortune was already gone. People wonder that if Carnegie had known this when he was alive, he would have spread most of his wealth to the poor people.1.Carnegie was able to develop his vast industrial fortunes（  ） .2.Carnegie following his ancestor’s footsteps （  ）.3.The industry Carnegie was not concerned with was（  ） .4.Carnegie’s trips to England（  ） .5.Which happened first?6.Andrew Carnegie’s Philanthropic ideals （  ）.问题1选项A.with the act of five enterprise systemB.through large loans from the American governmentC.because the American government had special tariffs to protect the American steel and iron industryD.because he had relatives in the English and industry问题2选项A.by developing a large industrial companyB.in caring for and improving benefits for the worker and the poorC.by furthering Spencer’s philosophyD.by being a follower of social Darwinism问题3选项A.the manufacturing of steelB.the transporting of the finished productC.the movement of raw materialsD.the lumber business问题4选项A.were purely for pleasure and visiting relativesB.introduced him to the Charitist ideals which would influence his lifeC.helped him gain steel contracts with British industrialistsD.led him to believe that the industrial future would be with steel问题5选项A.The foundation of the Carnegie Steel Co.B.The introduction of Chartist idealsC.The foundation of the J. Edgar Thomson Steel millsD.Andrew Carnegie’s trips to Great Britain问题6选项A.developed from his introduction to social DarwinismB.developed through his education under SpencerC.developed form the Charitist ideals of his boyhoodD.resulted from union strikes and unrest at the Carnegie Steel Company【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B第6题:B【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist, made a fortune by manufacturing iron and steel protected by custom tariff.提到安德鲁的第一桶金是因为钢铁产业受到政府的关税保护，所以选项C符合题意。

2.文章第二段第一句Like his grandfather, Andrew Carnegie did not abandon the radical idealism of his forebears for the benefit of the working class提到安德鲁没有摈弃祖先留下激进的理想主义信念，梦想让工人阶级能从中获利因此选项B符合题意3.第一段最后一句It included all the process of steel production from the great furnaces and finishing mills of Pittsburgh to the inroads and lake steamers that move the ores and the finish products 提到了卡内基帝国所涉及的一些业务，可知并没有涉及木材生意所以选项D符合题意4.文章第一段on one of his frequent trips to England, he met Henry Bessemer and became convinced that the industrial future lay in steel 提到这次旅行让他相信未来的工业重心是钢铁业，因此选项D符合题意。

5.文章第二段Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Chartists ideals of his boyhood 提到致力于成为慈善家的想法是卡内基从小男孩时代就有的，所以这个是发生地最早的事，选项B符合题意6.文章第二段in spite of his espousal of Herbert Spencer philosophy and the social Darwinism of the period, Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Chartists ideals of his boyhood提到由于从小受斯宾塞哲学和达尔文主义的影响，卡内基从小就有着仁慈的心肠选项B符合题意11. 单选题Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most（  ） areas in Japanese life.问题1选项A.sophisticatedB.competitiveC.considerateD.superficial【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

sophisticated “久经世故的；复杂的”；competitive “有竞争力的”；considerate “体贴的”；superficial “肤浅的”句意：因为有一个好的大学文凭就能找到一个更好的工作，所以教育是日本生活中最具有竞争力的领域之一选项B符合题意12. 单选题Some people think that a（  ） translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than afree translation.问题1选项A.literalB.literaryC.liberalD.linear【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析literal “照原文的，逐字的”；literary “文学的”；liberal “自由的”；linear “直线的”句意：一些人认为直译或者逐字的翻译要比意译简单选项A符合题意13. 单选题The（  ） on this apartment expires in a year’s time.问题1选项A.treatyB.engagementC.leaseD.subsidy【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

treaty “条约”；engagement “约会；婚约”；lease “租约”；subsidy “津贴”句意：这个公寓的租期一年后到期选项C符合题意14. 单选题If we （  ）our relations with that country, we’ll have to find another supplier of rawmaterials.问题1选项A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析diffuse “扩散”；diminish “减少”；terminate “使终止，使结束”；preclude “排除，妨碍”句意：如果我们结束与那个国家的关系，我们必须寻找其他原材料提供国选项C符合题意15. 单选题 It’s time （  ）about the traffic problem downtown.问题1选项A.something was doneB.everything is doneC.anything will be doneD.nothing to be done【答案】A【解析】考查it’s time的用法。

It’s time sb did sth,虚拟语气，动词的形式是一般过去时，所以选项A符合题意句意：是时候采取措施来缓解城市的交通问题了16. 单选题I have devoted four weekends to writing papers and now I feel I（  ） a rest.问题1选项A.deserveB.preserveC.conceiveD.receive【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析deserve “应得，应受”；preserve “保存”；conceive “设想‘怀孕”；receive “收到”句意：我花了四个周末写论文，现在觉得我应该休息一下了选项A符合题意17. 单选题（  ）  for your help, we’d never have been able to get over the difficulties.问题1选项A.Had it notB.If it were notC.Had it not beenD.If we had not been【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气的从句可以省略if，采用倒装形式，选项C符合题意。

18. 单选题 We （  ）Edison’s success to his intelligence and hard work.问题1选项A.subjectB.attributeC.oweD.refer【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析subject to “使服从”；attribute to “把……归因于”；owe to “归功于”；refer to “参考，涉及”句意：我们把爱迪生的成功归因于他的聪明和努力选项B符合题意19. 单选题A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the（  ）sight on TV.问题1选项A.panicB.patrioticC.patheticD.periodic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析panic “恐慌的”；patriotic “爱国的”；pathetic “可怜的”；periodic “周期的”句意：发生了一场严重的交通事故；当人们从电视上看到这个可怜的场面的时候都非常伤心选项C符合题意20. 单选题 Beijing is a（ ） city, and still more people are pouring in.问题1选项A.popularB.populateC.populaceD.populous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

popular “受欢迎的”；populate “居住于”，是动词；populace “大众，平民”；populous “人口多的”句意：北京是一座人口稠密的城市，仍然还有很多人涌入选项D符合题意。