装饰砂浆组成对砂浆抗裂抗霜性能的影响研究
装饰砂浆组成对砂浆抗裂抗霜性能的影响研究 分类号： 密 级： 学 号:2021118027 单位代码：10759 石河子大学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 装饰砂浆组成对砂浆抗裂抗霜性能的影响研究 研 究 生 庄 峰 指 导 教 师 但建明 副教授 申请学位门类级别 工 学 硕 士 学科、专业名称 应用化学 研 究 方 向 新材料开发与应用 所 在 学 院 石河子大学化学化工学院 中国〃新疆〃石河子 2021 年 6 月 Research Effect of Composition of Decorative Mortar on Crack and Alkali Resistance of Mortar A Dissertation Submitted to Shihezi University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering By Zhuang Feng Applied Chemistry Dissertation Supervisor: Associate Professor, Dan jian-ming June, 2021 石河子大学学位论文独创性声明及使用授权声明 学位论文独创性声明 本人所呈交的学位论文是在我导师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。
据我所知，除 文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不包含其他个人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果对本文的研究 做出重要奉献的个人和集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示谢意 研究生签名： 时间： 年 月 日 使用授权声明 本人完全了解石河子大学有关保存、使用学位论文的规定，学校有权保存学位论文并向国家主 管部门或指定机构送交论文的电子版和纸质版有权将学位论文用于赢利目的的少量复制并允许论 文进入学校图书馆被查阅有权将学位论文的内容编入有关数据进行检索有权将学位论文的标题 和摘要汇编出版保密的学位论文在解密后适用本规定 研究生签名： 时间： 年 月 日 导师签名： 时间： 年 月 日 摘 要 本文主要研究砂浆组成材料对砂浆抗裂抗霜性能影响，进而确定砂浆各组成局部的最正确掺量， 研制出一种具有较好抗裂抗霜性能的砂浆。
以砂浆保水率、初裂时间、裂缝面积、最大裂缝宽度、 收缩率、柔韧性能和力学性能来表征砂浆的抗裂性能；以砂浆孔隙率和泛霜面积来表征砂浆的抗霜 性能考察蛭石、粉煤灰、和丙烯酸改性聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液对砂浆抗裂性能的影响以及硅酸钠、硅 酸四乙酯、硅溶胶对砂浆抗霜性能的影响 通过实验以及数据分析，得到以下几点结论： 〔1〕蛭石经过微波炉高火膨胀后改性效果最好，最正确掺量为 2% ，新拌砂浆的保水率由 85.6% 提高到 93.7%、砂浆试块的失水率由 5.75%降低到4.59 、砂浆的初裂时间由 305 min 延长到 464 min 、 2 2 开裂面积由 105 mm 减小到 70.5 mm 、最大裂缝宽度由 0.85 mm 减小到 0.55 mm 〔2 〕砂浆中掺加粉煤灰后，随着掺量的增大，砂浆的失水率增大，但砂浆的收缩率呈不断减小 的趋势，砂浆的抗裂性能也在不断提高，综合考虑，既是砂浆既要有很好的柔韧性、小的收缩率、 良好的抗裂性能也要有足够的力学强度，粉煤灰掺量在25%时比较适宜 〔3 〕丙烯酸改性聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液最正确掺量为 15%，新拌砂浆的保水率由 85.6%提高到 93.5%、 砂浆试块的失水率由 5.75%降低到 5.33%、砂浆的初裂时间由 305 min 延长到 670min、开裂面积由 2 2 105 mm 减小到 47.5 mm 、最大裂缝宽度由 0.85 mm 减小到 0.38 mm、收缩率由 0.43% 降低到 0.28%、 压折比3 。
〔4 〕砂浆中复掺蛭石、粉煤灰、丙烯酸改性聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液：蛭石掺量 2% 、粉煤灰掺量25% 、 聚合物乳液掺量 15%时，新拌砂浆保水率 95.3%、砂浆试块失水率4.28% 、砂浆试块收缩率 0.22%、 2 砂浆初裂时间 900 min、裂缝面积28 mm 、裂缝宽度 0.23 mm、抗压强度23.5 MPa 、抗折强度 8.3 MPa、 粘结抗折强度 5.8 MPa 砂浆在此配比下，经过小范围模拟使用，已经可以满足过程使用标准，解决 了砂浆的抗裂问题 〔5 〕砂浆中复掺蛭石、粉煤灰、丙烯酸改性聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液：蛭石掺量 2% 、粉煤灰掺量25% 、 聚合物乳液掺量 15%时，砂浆的泛霜程度得到了减小，由开始的 10.23%降低到了 3.41%，提高了砂 浆的抗霜性能 硅类材料使用的最正确工艺条件：恒温恒湿养护箱中养护，养护时间为 28 d ①浸泡方式下，浸 泡时间为 30 min 硅酸钠浓度为 0.3 mol/L 、硅酸四乙酯原液、硅酸钠浓度为 0.1 mol/L ，砂浆的孔隙 率由 20.68% 降低到 8.43%、8.14%、16.75%，砂浆的泛霜面积由 10.23%变化到 12.21%、8.14%、7.85% 。
②刷涂方式下，刷涂次数 1 次，硅酸钠浓度为 1.0 mol/L 、硅酸四乙酯原液、硅溶胶浓度为 0.7 mol/L ， 砂浆的孔隙率由 20.68% 降低到 14.56%、17.45%、17.72%，砂浆的泛霜面积由 10.23%变化到 12.51%、 9.75%、8.54% 综上所述，在砂浆中添加适当的蛭石、粉煤灰、聚合物乳液可以配制出具有较好抗裂、抗霜性 能的砂浆；硅类材料处理后的砂浆试块其孔隙率得到了降低，砂浆的抗霜性能得到了提高本研究 以开发新型蛭石保水剂、电厂废弃物粉煤灰的综合利用、聚合物乳液代替乳胶粉以及新型防水剂硅 类材料的开发为特色，对实现节能减排、低碳经济具有促进作用，具有良好的环境效益、社会效益 和显著的经济效益 关键词：装饰砂浆，保水性能，收缩率，孔隙率，抗裂性能，抗霜性能 I Abstract In order to develop a kind of mortar with better cracking and frost-resistant properties.Effect of composition of materials on the crack and frost-resistant of mortar was investigated in this paper to determine the content of mortar materials. The crack resistance of the mortar was characterized in Water retention to the mortar, the initial cracking time, the crack area and imum crack width, shrinkage, flexibility, performance and mechanical properties and frost-resistant performance of mortar was characterized in the porosity of mortar and pan-cream area. When basic components of mortar was fixed, effect of ore vermiculite and modified vermiculite on water retention and mortar crack of mortar was researched, fly ash on the mortar shrinkage, flexibility and crack resistance was researched, and acrylic modified polyvinyl acetate ethylene acetate emulsion mortar and water retention, contraction of the impact of performance, flexibility, performance and crack resistance was researched and effect of sodium silicate, Tetraethyl silicate, silica sol on porosity and frost-resistant performance of mortar was researched. The following conclusions were got through the experiments and data analysis: 1 The best modification effect of vermiculite is on the high fire expansion by microwave, the optimum amount is 2% .The water retention rate of fresh mortar is increased from 85.6% to 93.7%, the water loss rate of block mortar decreases from 5.75% to 4.59%, the crack time extension to 464min by 2 2 305min, the cracking area reduced to 70.5 mm by 105 mm , the imum crack width is reduced to 0.55 mm from 0.85 mm. 2 When the fly ash was mixed in mortar, with the volume increasing, the rate of water loss of mortar increased, but the mortar shrinkage rate has been decreased, mortar crack resistance are also constantly improved. Comprehensive consideration, since mortar not only have good flexibility, low shrinkage, good crack resistance the performance also should have sufficient mechanical strength, quantity of fly ash in 25% is appropriate. 3 The acrylic modified polyvinyl acetate emulsion optimum content of 15% is appropriate, the fresh mortar water retention from 85.6% to 93.5%, mortar test block water loss rate of 5.75% reduced to 5.33%, 2 mortar the initial crack extended from 305 min to 670 min, the crack size decreases from 105 mm to 47.5 2 mm , the imum crack width is reduced from 0.85 mm to 0.38 mm, shrinkage rate from 0.43% to 0.28%, creased ratio 3. 4 Vermiculite, fly ash, acrylic modified poly vinyl acetate emulsion were complex doped in mortar: vermiculite content of 2%, 25% of the fly ash, 15% of the polymer emulsion content, the water retention of fresh mortar is 95.3% , the water loss rate of block mortar is 4.28%, the mortar specimen shrinkage is 2 0.22%, the initial cracking time of mortar is 900 min, the crack area of mortar is 28 mm , the crack width of mortar is 0.23 mm, the compressive strength is 23.5 MPa, flexural strength is 8.3MPa, and bond bending strength is 5.8 MPa. Simulations using the mortar in this ratio, through a small range already meet the process using a standard mortar cracking, II 5 Vermiculite, fly ash, acrylic modified poly vinyl acetate emulsion were complex doped in mortar: vermiculite content of 2%, 25% of the fly ash, 15% of the polymer emulsion content, efflorescence of mortar has been reduced, reduced to 3.41% from 10.23% in the beginning, almost no will affect the decorative effect of the mortar. The optimum conditions were following when silicon materials ware used : conservation in the box with temperature and humidity is constant for 28 d. ① Dipping, soaking time 30 min. Sodium silicate concentration of 0.3 mol/L, ethyl liquid silicate, sodium silicate concentration of 0.1 mol/L, the porosity rate of the mortar to reduce 20.68% to 8.43%, 8.14%, 16.75%, mortar efflorescence area 12.21% to 10.23% change, 8.14%, 7.85%. ② The brush way, the brushing number of 1, sodium silicate concentration 1.0mol/L, ethyl liquid silicate, silica sol concentration of 0.7mol/L, the porosity of mortar from 20.68% down to 14.56% 17.45%, 17.72%, mortar efflorescence area change from 10.23% to 12.51%, 9.75%, 8.54%. In summary, vermiculite, fly ash, acrylic modified poly vinyl acetate emulsion were complex doped in mortar develop a kind of mortar with better crack and frost-resistant properties. The mortar block was processed with silicon materials, the porosity decreased and frost-resistant of mortar increased. Developing of novel vermiculite water retaining agent, comprehensive utilization of power plant waste of fly ash, replacing latex powder of polymer emulsion and developing a new waterproof agent of silicon materials were researched in this paper. Which promoted energy conservation and low-carbon economy and had good environmental benefits, social benefits and remarkable economic benefits Keywords: mortar, water retention, shrinkage, porosity; crack resistance, alkali resistance III 目 录 摘 要................................................................................................................................................................I Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... II 第 1 章 文献综述........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 装饰砂浆概述.................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 装饰砂浆的优点.............................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 水泥水化产物及成分分析..............................................................................................................2 1.4 装饰砂浆的开裂问题...................................................................................................................... 3 1.4.1 砂浆开裂的原因................................................................................................................... 3 1.4.2 解决砂浆开裂问题的方法 ...................................................................................................4 1.5 装饰砂浆的泛霜问题...................................................................................................................... 7 1.5.1 砂浆泛霜的原因................................................................................................................... 7 1.5.2 解决砂浆泛霜问题的方法 ................................................................................................... 8 1.6 渗透结晶防水剂的应用.................................................................................................................. 9 1.6.1 渗透结晶防水剂的工作原理 ............................................................................................... 9 1.6.2 硅类材料作为防水材料的应用 ......................................................................................... 10 1.7 选题依据........................................................................................................................................ 11 1.8 研究内容........................................................................................................................................ 11 1.9 技术路线........................................................................................................................................ 12 第 2 章 实验材料与方法............................................................................................................................. 13 2.1 实验材料........................................................................................................................................ 13 2.1.1 实验原料及主要实验药品................................................................................................. 13 2.1.2 主要仪器、设备................................................................................................................. 14 2.2 粉煤灰............................................................................................................................................ 14 2.2.1 粉煤灰的物理性质和化学成分分析 ................................................................................. 14 2.2.2 粉煤灰的微观形貌分析 ..................................................................................................... 15 2.3 蛭石................................................................................................................................................ 15 2.3.1 蛭石的改性处理................................................................................................................. 15 2.4 丙烯酸改性聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液.................................................................................................... 16 2.4.1 乳液制备............................................................................................................................. 16 2.4.2 乳液性能检测..................................................................................................................... 16 2.5 砂浆试块的制备工艺.................................................................................................................... 17 2.6 性能检测方法................................................................................................................................ 18 2.6.1 砂浆的保水性能测定......................................................................................................... 18 2.6.2 砂浆的抗裂实验................................................................................................................. 18 2.6.3 砂浆试块的收缩率测定 .....................................................................................................20 2.6.4 砂浆试块的力学性能检测 .................................................................................................20 2.6.5 砂浆试块的孔隙率测定 .....................................................................................................21 2.6.6 砂浆试块抗霜实验.............................................................................................................21 第 3 章 蛭石、粉煤灰及聚合物乳液对砂浆抗裂性能的影响 .................................................................22 3.1 蛭石对砂浆抗裂性能的影响........................................................................................................23 3.1.1 蛭石掺量对砂浆保水性能的影响 .....................................................................................23 IV 3.1.2 蛭石掺量对砂浆抗裂性能的影响 .....................................................................................24 3.1.3 改性蛭石对砂浆保水性能的影响.....................................................................................25 3.1.4 改性蛭石对砂浆抗裂性能的影响.....................................................................................27 3.1.5 小结.....................................................................................................................................29 3.2 粉煤灰对砂浆抗裂性能影响........................................................................................................29 3.2.1 粉煤灰对砂浆试块收缩率和失水率的影响 .....................................................................29 3.2.2 粉煤灰对砂浆柔韧性的影响 ............................................................................................. 31 3.2.3 粉煤灰掺量对砂浆抗裂性能的影响 ................................................................................. 32 3.2.4 砂浆柔韧性对砂浆抗裂性能的影响 ................................................................................. 34 3.2.5 小结..................................................................................................................................... 34 3.3 聚合物乳液对砂浆对砂浆抗裂性能的影响................................................................................ 34 3.3.1 聚合物乳液对砂浆保水率的影响..................................................................................... 34 3.3.2 聚合物乳液对砂浆试块收缩率的影响............................................................................. 35 3.3.3 聚合物乳液对砂浆柔韧性的影响..................................................................................... 36 3.3.4 聚合物乳液掺量对砂浆抗裂性能影响 ............................................................................. 37 3.3.5 小结..................................................................................................................................... 39 3.4 聚合物乳液和蛭石、粉煤灰对砂浆抗裂性能影响比照 ............................................................ 39 3.4.1 聚合物乳液和蛭石对砂浆抗裂性能的比较 .....................................................................40 3.4.2 聚合物乳液和粉煤灰对砂浆抗裂性能的比较 .................................................................40 3.5 优化实验设计................................................................................................................................41 第 4 章 硅类材料对砂浆抗霜性能影响 .....................................................................................................43 4.1 序言................................................................................................................................................43 4.2 工艺路线........................................................................................................................................44 4.3 试验方法与实验设计....................................................................................................................44 4.3 硅酸钠溶液对砂浆孔隙率的影响 ................................................................................................45 。
