2022年考博英语-四川大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷69（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-四川大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took （ ） trouble over the figures.问题1选项A.extensiveB.spareC.extraD.supreme【答案】C【解析】extensive广泛的, 大量的；spare多余的, 少量的；extra额外的；supreme最高的, 最重要的句意：为了让老板知道他是一个多么细心的工人, 他在数据上花了额外的功夫2. 单选题The bus that （ ） outside the inn would soon take the visitors downtown.问题1选项A.held backB.pulled upC.got downD.set forth【答案】B【解析】held back阻碍；pulled up停下来, 拔起；got down下来；set forth提出, 陈述句意：停在旅馆外面的巴士很快就会把游客带到市中心选项B符合句意3. 单选题The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to （ ） himself.问题1选项A.spotB.situateC.placeD.locate【答案】D【解析】spot使认出；situate使位于；place放置；locate定位。

句意：探险者迷了路, 所以他爬到山顶以确定自己的位置（定位）选项D符合句意4. 单选题He caused a false account of the event （ ） in the newspaper.问题1选项A.had publishedB.to be publishedC.being publishedD.to have published【答案】B【解析】本题考查动词cause sb. to do sth.首先排除选项A和C，事件是被刊登上报纸的，表被动，所以选项B正确句意：他对报纸上刊登的事故进行了虚假报道 5. 单选题_____, he does not love her.问题1选项A.As he likes her very muchB.Though much he likes herC.Much although he likes herD.Much though he likes her【答案】D【解析】考查让步状语从句as引导让步状语从句，句子需倒装，所以选项A错误；although和though可互换，但although在句中不需要倒装，所以选项C错误；though在句中需要倒装，但选项B语序不当，所以选项D正确。

6. 单选题I don't think he is to blame, （ ） ?问题1选项A.do IB.is heC.isn’t heD.does he【答案】B【解析】复合反意疑问句中, 主句是I think, I suppose, I believe, I suspect, I imagine 等时, 对that从句中主语与谓语之间的关系提问, 所以首先排除选项A和D还要注意否定转移的情况, 所以选项B正确    7. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English.人们必须通过对现象的分析和研究, 才能了解到事实的本质, 因此需要科学我们现在面临的所有重大世界性问题中最重要的问题就是人口对土地和土地资源的压力正在迅速增长受到这么多挫折和失败, 他比以前聪明多了, 这次任务他一定会完成得很好的没有农业, 人们就不能生存, 社会生产就不能继续下去, 因此, 农业作为国民经济的基础必须得到足够重视这件事的发生不是由于我们的过错, 而是由于你的疏忽大意答案】Only through the analysis and study of the phenomenon can human understand the nature of the fact, therefore, science is needed.  The population pressure on land and land resources is growing rapidly, which is the most important one among all the major world problems we are facing.Suffering from so many setbacks and failures, he has become wiser and can finish this task well.  People will neither exist nor can production proceed without agriculture. Therefore, as the basis of the national economy, we must pay more attention to the agriculture.The occurrence of this matter is caused by your carelessness, not by our fault.  8. 单选题Joan is in the dorm, putting the final_____ to her speech.问题1选项A.detailsB.remarksC.commentsD.touches【答案】D【解析】detail细节, 详情；remark注意，言辞；comment评论，意见；touch接触，格调，少许。

句意：乔安娜在宿舍里为她的演讲做最后润色touch可以表示small detail（细节中）微小之处，符合句意9. 单选题My father never gave me（ ） .问题1选项A.many adviceB.many advicesC.much adviceD.a lot of advices【答案】C【解析】advice为不可数名词, 没有复数形式, many用来修饰可数名词, 所以选项C正确10. 单选题（ ） , explorers could never have found the cave.问题1选项A.But for the fissure had been spottedB.If not the fissure had been spottedC.Had the fissure not been spottedD.Had not the fissure been spotted【答案】D【解析】本句为省略了引导词if的条件句, 所以需要倒装在这种情况下, 如果从句是否定形式且从句主语是名词, 那么否定词not放在名词前面；而如果从句主语是代词, 则把not放在代词后面, 如“had it not been ...”。

所以选项D正确11. 翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief.It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking,human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week's sweat and effort,the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry trifling things at the weekend. 【答案】一个人，为了活的真正开心和踏实，至少要培养两到三项兴趣。

而且必须是真正的兴趣到了晚年才说:“我对这感兴趣，对那也感兴趣”，已经没有什么必要了这种愿望只能加剧精神紧张一个人也许在其非工作领域也同样是学富五车，但是，也很难从中得到什么益处或慰藉做你喜欢的事一般没有什么用;要学会热爱自己的职业泛泛讲来，人可以划分为三类:劳累至死的人;忧虑至死的人;厌烦至死的人让一个体力劳动者在周末下午踢足球或打棒球来放松是毫无意义的，因为一周的辛劳已经令他们精疲力竭了让那些为大事持续操劳或费心了六天的政界人士、专业人员或商界人士，在周日，继续为鸡毛蒜皮的小事劳神，这也同样也是于事无补的  12. 单选题I didn't know the work. I had to（ ） a dictionary.问题1选项A.refer toB.make outC.look outD.go over【答案】D【解析】refer to涉及；make out理解；look out照料, 小心；go over复习, 仔细检查句意：我不知道这项工作, 我得查字典选项D正确    13. 翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.No issue is as vital to the futures of U.S. research universities as renewal of commitment to the mutual benefits of research and education. One of the great strengths of our research universities is their ability to link the creation of new knowledge with the transfer of that knowledge to students. Unfortunately, numerous signs (some real, some perceiveD. point toward a growing emphasis on research and a de-emphasis on education.A sensationalistic view of these trends often emerges in the popular press. Recent stories have described a detached professor’s leaving teaching to graduate students (often with deficient spoken English skills), reward systems based “publish or perish”, faculty “buying out” of teaching responsibilities, and tenure and promotion decisions based entirely on one's ability to attract federal research dollars. These types of reports have fueled a growing public backlash against higher education. A number of states have to institute minimum requirements for classroom time and office hours for faculty at public research universities.【答案】对于美国研究型大学的未来而言, 最重要的问题莫过于重新致力于研究与教育的共同利益。

我国研究型大学的一大优势是能够把创造新知识与向学生传授新知识联系起来不幸的是, 许多迹象(一些是真实的, 一些是可感知的)表明, 人们越来越重视研究, 而不再重视教育这些趋势的耸人听闻的看法经常出现在大众媒体中最近的一些报道描述了一位超然的教授将教学工作留给研究生(通常是英语口语能力不足的学生)、基于“出版还是毁灭”的奖励体系、教师“买断”教学责任、以及吸引联邦科研资金, 完全基于个人能力的任期和晋升决定这类报道引发了公众对高等教育越来越强烈的反对一些州必须对公立研究型大学的教师上课时间和办公时间提出最低要求14. 单选题The heavily populated area was a breeding place for （ ） diseases.问题1选项A.infectiousB.powerfulC.influentialD.suspicious【答案】A【解析】infectious传染的；powerful强大的；influential有影响力的；suspicious可疑的句意：人口稠密的地区是传染病的滋生地选项A符合句意15. 单选题Usually newspapers （ ） for people with intellectual interests.问题1选项A.suitB.furnishC.regardD.cater【答案】D【解析】cater for为固定搭配, 指迎合..., 其他三个选择项都是及物动词, 不能直接跟介词for。

句意：人口稠密的地区是传染病的滋生地选项A符合句意16. 单选题The captured criminals were （ ） in chain through the streets.问题1选项A.exhibitedB.displayedC.paradedD.revealed【答案】C【解析】exhibited展出, 表现出；displayed展示, 陈列；paraded游行, 阅兵；revealed透漏句意：被捕的犯人带着锁链在街上游行17. 单选题The period of adolescence, i.e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on society’s definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence was frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial society with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of ones life. Furthermore the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status, roles, rights, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult right. At the age of sixteen the adolescence is granted certain adult rights which increase his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a driver's license lie can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights The young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contacts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after maturity status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what points adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.1.The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because （ ）2.Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to （ ） .3.No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is （ ） .4.Starting from 22 （ ）.5.According to this passage, it is TURE that （ ）.问题1选项A.the definition of maturity has changedB.the industrialized society is more developedC.more education is provided and laws against child labor are madeD.ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance问题2选项A.graduations from schools and collegesB.social recognitionC.socio-economic statusD.certain behavioral changes问题3选项A.eleven years oldB.sixteen years oldC.twenty-one years oldD.between twelve and twenty-one years old问题4选项A.one will obtain more basic rightsB.the older one becomes, the more basic rights he will haveC.one won't get more basic rights than when he is 21D.one will enjoy more right granted by society问题5选项A.In the late 19th century in the United States the dividing line between adolescence and adult hood no longer existedB.no one can marry without the permission of his parents until the age of twenty-oneC.one is considered to have reached adulthood when he has a driver 's licenseD.one is not free from the restrictions of child labor laws until he can join the army【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“while in industrial society with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer.”由于教育时间较长, 法律又禁止童工, 所以青春期要长得多。

选项C符合原文2.根据第二段的三四句“Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence,...”社会仪式已经被一系列的步骤所取代, 即从小学, 高中和大学的毕业这一系列步骤 选项A正确3.根据第二段的后半部分“At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. ”在21岁时, 个人作为成年人获得了完全的合法权利选项C正确4.根据第二段的倒数第二句“No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after maturity status has been attained.”当达到成熟的年龄段, 不再有12-21岁享有的这些基本权利。

选项C符合原文5.根据原文可知选项B,C,D均错误, 根据第一段的最后一句“Examples of this type of change are disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States,”所以选项A在19世纪末的美国, 青春期和成年期之间的分界线已不复存在, 符合原文18. 单选题The newspapers in my hometown don' t have as many pages as they （ ） here.问题1选项A.areB.doC.haveD.can be【答案】B【解析】句意：家乡的报纸没有这里的多do用来代替原有的动词原形用于强调并且避免重复19. 单选题The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been （ ） .问题1选项A.identifiedB.guaranteedC.notifiedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】identified识别, 辨认;guaranteed保证;notified通知, 告知;conveyed传达。

句意：尽管一些可能会导致癌症的条件已经得到确认, 但最根本的原因还不知道20. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English.新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之, 我们所谓的科学革命, 主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用, 而这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展无所不及自由和尊严是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的, 是要求一个人对自己的行为负责, 并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提很显然, 我们已然摒弃了 “父母之命、媒妁之言”的婚姻方式及为使女孩们守身如玉而将她们深锁闺中的农业习俗现在我们被迫从那种以人们之间相互猜忌和敌视为标志的关系跃进到一个人们之间必须相互尊重和理解的世界同样地, 语言之所以有价值是因为人们承认它是思维的符号, 是人与人之间传输思想的媒介答案】A leader from the new school insisted on that “the so-called 'scientific revolution' can be briefly explained as the improvement, invention and application of series of equipment, which in turn provides an omnipotent scientific development. ”  Freedom and dignity are possessed by self-reliant people in the range of traditional theory, and they both serve essential prerequisites for responsibilities to what they have behaved and appraisal to what they have performed.Obviously, we have abandoned the marriage that arranged by parents and matchmakers and also the corrupted custom in agricultural period that girls are confined in their chambers for virginity.  Now we are forced to leap forward to the world that demands mutual respect and understandings from relations that featured by mutual suspicion and hostility.  Similarly, the reason why languages possess with their own values is that, as people have acknowledged, they are symbols of thoughts and also media for thought exchanges.  。