2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试题库及模拟押密卷49（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题He had wanted a 25% raise in pay, but after talking to his boss, he decided that a 5% raise would have to（ ）.问题1选项A.sufficeB.satisfyC.gratifyD.delight【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析suffice“足够；足以”；satisfy“满意；令人满意”；gratify“使满足”；delight“高兴；使高兴”，在经过和他老板谈话之后他觉得可以接收5%的涨薪，将涨薪25%与涨薪5%相比，5%只可以说是够的，可以接受的句意：他原想涨薪25%，但是经过与他老板谈话之后，他决定涨5%就……故正确答案为选项A2. 单选题 He was（ ）when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him.问题1选项A.incredibleB.inevitableC.incredulousD.indifferent【答案】C【解析】考查同形词辨析。

incredible“难以置信的”；inevitable“不可避免的”；incredulous “怀疑的，不轻信的”；indifferent“冷漠的”，根据I finally convinced him“我最终说服了他”可知此处表达的意思是他刚开始听到消息的时候是不相信的，所以此处应该使用形容词incredulous，incredible是形容事物难以使人相信，而不是形容人句意：当他听到那个意外的消息时是……，但是我最终还是说服了他故正确答案为选项C3. 填空题Your Smartphone May Be Hurting Your SleepA) You love your smartphone, but it may be ruining your ZZZ’s. Use of these devices, especially near bedtime, is associated with worse quality of sleep, according to a new study. “When we looked at smartphone use around the time when participants reported they went to bed, more smartphone use around that time in particular was associated with a longer time to fall asleep and worse sleep quality during the night,” said Dr. Gregory Marcus, author of the study and an associate professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. His research was published Wednesday in the journal PLOS One.B) The word “crack-berry” became popular roughly a decade ago to describe the addictive quality of BlackBerry devices—arguably the first really successful smartphones. Today, almost everyone is a smartphone junkie, standing with head bowed while waiting for a train or in line at the post office.C) Knowing that smartphone use has increased together with sleep deprivation rates, Marcus and his colleagues decided to investigate whether the two might be related. To answer this question, he used exiting information collected by an Internet-based study he started in March 2016.D) “Health E-Heart,” which was funded by the National Institutes of Health is designed to study cardiovascular health. Anyone 18 years of age or older can enroll in Health E-Heart, co-founded by Drs. Mark Pletcher and Jeffrey Olgin, professors at UCSF. After signing a consent form, enrolled participants self-report their health data via a series of online questionnaires. The information is gathered, analyzed and used to research and develop strategies to prevent and treat all aspects of heart disease.E) About 80,000 participants have enrolled in Health E-Heart, Marcus said. “We’ve had people from every state in the US, lots of people from every state, and we actually have people from 50 countries.” Marcus and his co-founders also make the data available to other scientists conducting unrelated studies. For the new smartphone study, Marcus made use of this wealth of information to conduct his own “sub-study”.F) Of the total Health E-Heart enrollees, 653 people chose to participate in and complete the new smartphone-sleep study. Participants installed an app on their phones to automatically record the total number of minutes in each hour the screen was turned on (total screen time) during a 30-day period. These participants had already reported their sleep hours and sleep quality using a validated questionnaire as part of the general Health E-Heart experience, Marcus explained. So, when answering the sleep assessment questions, participants also entered demographic data plus information about their alcohol use, physical activity, smoking habits and other health issues. By answering so many questions, participants were unaware of what the researchers were studying, explained Marcus: “We wouldn’t expect any bias.”G) Analyzing the data, the researchers discovered that, on average, participants used their smartphones for a total of 38.4 hours over a 30-day period. Individuals with a longer average screen time were more likely to have poorer sleep quality and less sleep overall: About 35% of those who used their smartphones for shorter amounts of time than average had sleep difficulties, compared with 42% of those with average or greater than average use. And poor quality sleep was more likely for participants who used their smartphones near bedtime.H) The researchers discovered that screen-time varies throughout a 24-hour period, but most occurs during the day. Yet for some participants, smartphone use peaked during the night. “We can’t exclude the possibility that some people can’t sleep for some completely unrelated reason, and because they can’t sleep, they’re using their smartphone, just to pass the time,” Marcus said.I) Despite potential shortcomings, Marcus research is in line with other studies showing that the use of technology near bedtime is associated with difficulty sleeping, such as the 2015 National Sleep Foundation poll. Other research has shown that the blue light emitted by smartphones (and other digital devices) might suppress our body’s production of melatonin, a hormone that induces tiredness and contributes to the timing of sleep-wake cycles. “So there’s some biological plausibility supporting the idea that there is a causal relationship, but we weren’t able to identify that,” Marcus noted.J) “It is believed that sleep is a restorative process and a basic biologic need,” said Dr. Neil Kline, a sleep physician, internist and representative of the American Sleep Association. “When animals, including humans, are deprived of sleep, there are many body systems that fail. Not only does our performance, memory and attention span suffer, our immune system and endocrine system is also impaired.”K) Though most of these negative effects have been studied exclusively in adults, children’s sleep is also affected by technology, according to an unrelated study. Lead author Ben Carter, a senior lecturer in biostatistics at King’s College London, and his colleagues discovered that for teens and children, the use of cell phones, tablets and computers is associated with losing sleep time and sleep quality.L) Marcus said he suspects that some people may be affected more than others and overuse of a smartphone impacts their sleep more than it would for other people. He hopes to investigate this question in the future. Based on his results, he suggested that insomniacs and other troubled sleepers should avoid looking at their screens for half an hour or so before going to bed to see whether that might enhance the quality of their slumber. He added, “There’s almost certainly no harm in giving that a good try.”11. Our addiction to smartphones dates back to about ten years ago. _________  12. Data from Health E-Heart are collected and used for researchers into heart diseases. _________  13. The findings of Dr. Marcus’s study appeared in PLOS One. _________14. Bad sleepers are advised not to use their smartphones half an hour or so before they go to bed. _________  15. Marcus started his research because he suspected there might be some correlation between sleep loss and smartphone use. _________16. The use of digital devices affects children’s sleep too. _________  17. To make sure his study was objective, Marcus required his subjects to provide many more of their life details than just sleep hours and sleep quality. _________  18. Researchers found those who spend longer time playing with their smartphones are more likely to sleep badly. _________  19. Marcus conceded that some people were sleepless at night for reasons unrelated to mobile phone use. _________  20. Sleep is our basic biological need and lack of it may cause our body functions to decline. _________    【答案】11.B12.D13.A14.L15.C16.K17.F18.G19.H20.J【解析】11.主旨大意题。

题干意思为“我们对智能手机的上瘾可以追溯到大约十年前文章第二段主要讲了自十年前黑莓手机被生产出来之后，人们开始对智能手机上瘾，由此可推断出人们对智能手机的上瘾可追溯到大约十年前因此段落B正确12.主旨大意题题干意思为“来自健康E-Heart的数据被收集并用于研究心脏病文章段落D说到“The information is gathered, analyzed and used to research and develop strategies to prevent and treat all aspects of heart disease.（这些信息被收集、分析并用于研究和制定预防和治疗心脏病各个方面的策略其中“这些信息”指来自健康E-Heart的数据，因此段落D正确13.主旨大意题题干意思为“马库斯博士的研究结果发表在《公共科学图书馆（综合）》杂志上文章段落A说到“His research was published Wednesday in the journal PLOS One.（他的研究发表在周三的《公共科学图书馆（综合）》杂志上该句与题干意思匹配，因此段落A正确14.主旨大意题。

题干意思为“建议睡眠不好的人不要在睡前半小时左右使用智能手机文章段落L说到“Based on his results, he suggested that insomniacs and other troubled sleepers should avoid looking at their screens for half an hour or so before going to bed to see whether that might enhance the quality of their slumber.（根据他的研究结果，他建议失眠症患者和其他睡眠有问题的人应该避免在上床前半小时左右看屏幕，看看这是否能提高他们的睡眠质量该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落L正确15.主旨大意题题干意思为“马库斯开始这项研究是因为他怀疑睡眠不足和使用智能手机之间可能存在某种关联文章段落C说到“Knowing that smartphone use has increased together with sleep deprivation rates, Marcus and his colleagues decided to investigate whether the two might be related.（了解到智能手机的使用和睡眠不足的比例一起增加，马库斯和他的同事们决定调查这两者是否有关联。

该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落C正确16.主旨大意题题干意思为“数字设备的使用也会影响儿童的睡眠文章段落K说到“Though most of these negative effects have been studied exclusively in adults, children’s sleep is also affected by technology, according to an unrelated study.（尽管大多数这些负面影响只在成年人身上进行了研究，但另一项不相关的研究表明，儿童的睡眠也受到科技产品的影响该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落K正确17.主旨大意题题干意思为“为了确保他的研究是客观的，马库斯要求他的研究对象提供更多的生活细节，而不仅仅是睡眠时间和睡眠质量段落F说到“So, when answering the sleep assessment questions, participants also entered demographic data plus information about their alcohol use, physical activity, smoking habits and other health issues.（因此，在回答睡眠评估问题时，参与者还输入了人口统计数据，以及有关他们的酒精使用、体育活动、吸烟习惯和其他健康问题的信息。

该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落F正确18.主旨大意题题干意思为“研究人员发现，花更长的时间玩智能手机的人更有可能睡眠不好文章段落G说到“And poor quality sleep was more likely for participants who used their smartphones near bedtime.（睡眠质量差的人更有可能在睡前使用智能手机该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落G正确19.主旨大意题题干意思为“马库斯承认，有些人晚上睡不着觉的原因与使用手机无关文章段落H说到“We can’t exclude the possibility that some people can’t sleep for some completely unrelated reason, and because they can’t sleep, they’re using their smartphone, just to pass the time.（我们不能排除一些人因为完全无关的原因无法入睡的可能性，因为他们无法入睡，所以他们使用智能手机，只是为了打发时间该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落H正确。

20.主旨大意题题干意思为“睡眠是我们的基本生理需要，缺乏睡眠可能会导致我们的身体功能下降文章段落J说到“When animals, including humans, are deprived of sleep, there are many body systems that fail.（当动物，包括人类，被剥夺睡眠时，许多身体系统会失效该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落J正确4. 单选题When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his（ ）can be distributed.问题1选项A.paradoxesB.legaciesC.platitudesD.analogies【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析paradoxes “悖论；矛盾的事物”；legacies “遗产”；platitudes “平凡；陈词滥调”；analogies“类比；类推”，根据when a people dies“在一个人死的时候”和distributed“分发”，可知此处指的是遗产的分发句意：一个人去世的时候，在分……之前他的债务必须偿还清楚正确答案为选项B。

5. 单选题The young man liked the graceful girl next to the door at the first sight; the feeling is（ ）,as the girl smiled slightly at him.问题1选项A.mutualB.visibleC.literalD.inevitable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析A选项mutual“相互的，彼此的”；B选项visible“明显的，可见的”；C选项literal“文字的”；D选项inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”句意：这个年轻人第一眼就喜欢门边那个优雅的姑娘，这种感觉是相互的，因为那女孩对他也微微一笑根据空格前后两句的意思以及常识，可知男孩喜欢女孩，而女孩也微笑回应，他们互有好感，A选项mutual“相互的，彼此的”意思对应因此A选项正确6. 不定项选择题Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’s understanding — the knowledge, hopes and fears that are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weakness, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.“All men are created equal.” We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children — the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children — disabled or not — to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their program, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.1. What is the purpose for author to cite the example of stage in paragraph 2?2. Why does public pay much attention to exceptional education?3. Which one of the following actions has NOT been taken to facilitate exceptional education?4. The word “substantially” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to（ ）.5. What is the main idea of this passage?问题1选项A.To show those exceptional children are more easily influenced than normal children.B.To indicate those exceptional children have great potentials.C.To identify all men are born to be equal.D.To illustrate the importance of environment such as family and society.问题2选项A.Exceptional education is a part of compulsory education.B.The belief that exceptional children should develop their potentials as well.C.Exceptional education has been underestimated for a long time.D.Exceptional education is a reflection of society.问题3选项A.Courts have confirmed the right for exceptional children to receive education.B.Governments have made policies to protect exceptional education.C.Schools are forced by courts to take actions to offer education for exceptional children.D.Schools have appropriated programs and instruction to satisfy the need of exceptional children.问题4选项A.stunninglyB.generallyC.adequatelyD.fundamentally问题5选项A.The necessity of adapting education to exceptional children.B.The specialty of exceptional children.C.The introduction of education programs.D.The responsibilities of government for those exceptional children.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:推理判断题。

通过列举了舞台的例子，作者强调了配角和剧中布景的重要性，结合下文Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development（特殊儿童所生活的家庭和社会往往是他们成长和发展的关键）可知，对特殊儿童而言，家庭和社会环境也是很重要的，因此D选项“说明环境的重要性，如家庭和社会”正确第2题:推理判断题由第三段第三句The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities（在过去的30年中，公共教育对特殊儿童的极大兴趣表明了我们社会中的一种强烈想法，那就是所有的公民，无论其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会）可推断出B选项“特殊儿童也应该开发他们的潜能的信念”符合题意。

第3题:事实细节题需注意题干中的NOT，因此要找出文中没有提及的措施由第四段第五句Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children — disabled or not — to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education（最近的法院判决确认了所有儿童，无论残疾与否，都有接受适当教育的权利，并命令公立学校采取必要措施提供这种教育）可排除A选项和C选项；由本文最后一句In response, schools are modifying their program, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs（作为回应，学校正在调整课程，使教学能够适应特殊儿童，那些不能从常规课程中真正获益的儿童的需要）可排除D选项，因此B选项为正确答案。

第4题:语义推测题根据上下文可知，学校正在调整课程，以适应特殊儿童的需要，因此可以推断出，常规课程是不足以应对特殊儿童的，substantially应为“足够的”，C选项符合题意第5题:主旨大意题解题关键句通常在第一段或最后一段，由第一段第二句For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences（为了让这些孩子充分发展他们成年后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些差异）可知A选项“使教育适应残疾儿童的必要性”为正确答案        7. 单选题With their modern, lightweight boat, they soon（ ）the older vessels in the race.问题1选项A.overranB.exceededC.outstrippedD.caught up【答案】C【解析】本题考查了同义词辨析overran“超过（范围）”；exceeded“超过，超越（数量，限制）”；outstripped“超过，赶上”；caught up“追上，赶上（接名词时跟with连用）”，此处指的是在比赛中超过，赶上别人，所以可以排除选项A、B，此处如果使用catch up的话后面应该加with，用catch up with的形式，故正确答案为选项C。

8. 单选题You’ve done more of the work than I have recently so I’ll give up my day off in（ ）.问题1选项A.offsetB.redressC.heraldD.compensate【答案】A【解析】本题考查了名词的辨析offset“抵消；补偿”；redress“救济；赔偿；纠正”；herald“使者；先驱”；compensate“补偿；赔偿”（只有动词形式），此处应该选择一个名词与介词in搭配表示“补偿，弥补”的意思，所以可以排除选项C和D，redress 一般不这样搭配，in offset是惯用搭配，故正确答案为选项A9. 单选题Your letter arrived after the final date for application,（ ）we can’t consider you for this job.问题1选项A.consequentlyB.remarkablyC.fluentlyD.alarmingly【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析A选项consequently“因此，所以”；B选项remarkably“显著地，非常地”；C选项fluently“流利地，通畅地”；D选项alarmingly“惊人地，让人担忧地”。

句意：你的信到的时候已经过了申请的最后期限，所以我们无法让你做这份工作后半句是前半句事情导致的结果，是因果关系，所以A选项Consequently“因此，所以”正确因此A选项符合题意10. 单选题The secretary was harshly（ ）by her boss for misplacing some important files.问题1选项A.rebukedB.teasedC.washedD.accused【答案】A【解析】本题是动词辨析题rebuked“指责”；teased“取笑，戏弄”；washed“洗涤”；accused“控告”，根据for后面的内容“误放了重要文件”，可知这位秘书会被老板责备，此处应该使用动词rebuke的过去分词rebuked，故正确答案为选项A句意为：这位秘书因为误放了重要文件而被老板严厉指责了11. 单选题If you want to keep your job here, you will have to be（ ）of long working hours and low salary.问题1选项A.tolerantB.tolerableC.bearableD.tolerate【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项tolerant“忍受的，有忍耐力的”；B选项tolerable“可容忍的，容许的”；C选项bearable“承受得住的”；D选项tolerate是动词“忍受”句意：如果你想保住你在这里的工作，你就得忍受长时间工作，拿低工资根据空格有一个be动词，可知空格处应填形容词，排除D，根据句意理解，本句表达的是忍受，而不是可容性或承受力，所以A选项符合句意因此A选项正确12. 单选题To do this job well, you must be（ ）not only in English, but also in computer programming.问题1选项A.efficientB.effectiveC.proficientD.beneficial【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析A选项efficient“有效率的”；B选项“有效的，起作用的”；C选项“熟练的，精通的”；D选项“有益的”句意：为做好这项工作，你不但要在英语上而且在计算机编程方面都……综合句意和语义，此处填proficient“熟练的，精通的”因此C选项符合题意13. 不定项选择题For the past two years, I have been working on students’ evaluation of classroom teaching. I have kept a record of informal conversation（1）some 300 students from at（2）twenty-one colleges and universities. The students were generally（3）and direct in their comments（4）how course work would be better（5）. Most of their remarks were kindly（6）—with tolerance rather than bitterness—and frequently were softened by the（7）that the students were speaking（8）some, not all, instructors. Nevertheless,（9）the following suggestions and comments indicate, students feel（10）with things-as-they are in the classroom. Professors should be（11）from reading lecture notes. “It makes their（12）monotonous”.If they are going to read, why not（13）out copies of the lecture? Then we（14）need to go to class. Professors should（15）repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook. “（16）we’ve read the material, we want to（17）it or hear it elaborated on,（18）repeated” “A lot of students hate to buy a（19）text that the professor has written（20）to have his lectures repeat it.”问题1选项A.countingB.coveringC.figuringD.involving问题2选项A.bestB.lengthC.leastD.large问题3选项A.frankB.hard-workingC.politeD.reserved问题4选项A.atB.onC.ofD.over问题5选项A.describedB.addressedC.takenD.received。